File Transfer Protocol Server Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Competition (TEKNOFEST-2021): Stroke Data Set.

The artificial intelligence competition in healthcare was organized for the first time at the annual aviation, space, and technology festival (TEKNOFEST), Istanbul/Türkiye, in September 2021. In this article, the data set preparation and competition processes were explained in detail; the anonymized and annotated data set is also provided via official website for further research. Data set recorded over the period covering 2019 and 2020 were centrally screened from the e-Pulse and Teleradiology System of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Health using various codes and filtering criteria. The data set was anonymized. The data set was prepared, pooled, curated, and annotated by 7 radiologists. The training data set was shared with the teams via a dedicated file transfer protocol server, which could be accessed using private usernames and passwords given to the teams under a nondisclosure agreement signed by the representative of each team. The competition consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, teams were given 192 digital imaging and communications in medicine images that belong to 1 of 3 possible categories namely, hemorrhage, ischemic, or non-stroke. Teams were asked to classify each image as either stroke present or absent. In the second stage of the competition, qualifying 36 teams were given 97 digital imaging and communications in medicine images that contained hemorrhage, ischemia, or both lesions. Among the employed methods, Unet and DeepLabv3 were the most frequently observed ones. Artificial intelligence competitions in healthcare offer good opportunities to collect data reflecting various cases and problems. Especially, annotated data set by domain experts is more valuable.

Interfacing an industrial robot and MATLAB for predictive visual servoing

Purpose Real-time implementation of sophisticated algorithms on robotic systems demands a rewarding interface between hardware and software components. Individual robot manufacturers have dedicated controllers and languages. However, robot operation would require either the knowledge of additional software or expensive add-on installations for effective communication between the robot controller and the computation software. This paper aims to present a novel method of interfacing the commercial robot controllers with most widely used simulation platform, e.g. MATLAB in real-time with a demonstration of visual predictive controller. Design/methodology/approach A remote personal computer (PC), running MATLAB, is connected with the IRC5 controller of an ABB robotic arm through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP server on the IRC5 responds to a request from an FTP client (MATLAB) on a remote computer. MATLAB provides the basic platform for programming and control algorithm development. The controlled output is transferred to the robot controller through Ethernet port as files and, thereby, the proposed scheme ensures connection and control of the robot using the control algorithms developed by the researchers without the additional cost of buying add-on packages or mastering vendor-specific programming languages. Findings New control strategies and contrivances can be developed with numerous conditions and constraints in simulation platforms. When the results are to be implemented in real-time systems, the proposed method helps to establish a simple, fast and cost-effective communication with commercial robot controllers for validating the real-time performance of the developed control algorithm. Practical implications The proposed method is used for real-time implementation of visual servo control with predictive controller, for accurate pick-and-place application with different initial conditions. The same strategy has been proven effective in supervisory control using two cameras and artificial neural network-based visual control of robotic manipulators. Originality/value This paper elaborates a real-time example using visual servoing for researchers working with industrial robots, enabling them to understand and explore the possibilities of robot communication.

Design, Structure and Significance of Virtual Machines in Network Management System: An Emulation Analysis of VMware Based Hospital System in Pakistan

The trend of the use of virtual machines is vitally growing in the world. Virtual machines are being used in different organizations. These virtual machines come as a result from an output of a host hypervisor. If an organization or an institution is being run by virtualization then it is possible that unnecessary expenses, additional burden, wastage of resources and excesses of space can be reduced for networking. With the organizations when the structure of a medical institution or hospital is viewed it comes out that even big and small hospitals are shifting their management systems to certain kinds of networks. As it is visible in the rapidly advancing world that hospitals are also using networking technology so why not they shift to virtualization? So, to observe either virtualization can effectively run in a hospital scenario this research is conducted. To further analyze if this can work in the setting of Pakistan or not? This research is conducted according to an assumed situation of Hospital that has four different branches in a country. To find the outcomes simulation method is used. A network is built on VMware Workstation. This network is designed to run a hospital networking system. That comprises of a virtual private network server, firewall router, file transfer protocol server, web server, and voice over internet protocol server, virtual local area network, active directory, virtual switches, dynamic host control protocol et cetera. After proper testing of the VMware then fully loaded system is launched and every functional requirement is utilized to clearly investigate the progress of a virtual network and this research has resulted in a successful network management system for Health Care Hospital in Pakistan. In viewing this the researcher has invented two concepts in this research that are “Hospital Virtualization” and “Pocket Network Theory.”

Investigating Brute Force Attack Patterns in IoT Network

Internet of Things (IoT) devices may transfer data to the gateway/application server through File Transfer Protocol (FTP) transaction. Unfortunately, in terms of security, the FTP server at a gateway or data sink very often is improperly set up. At the same time, password matching/theft holding is among the popular attacks as the intruders attack the IoT network. Thus, this paper attempts to provide an insight of this type of attack with the main aim of coming up with attack patterns that may help the IoT system administrator to analyze any similar attacks. This paper investigates brute force attack (BFA) on the FTP server of the IoT network by using a time-sensitive statistical relationship approach and visualizing the attack patterns that identify its configurations. The investigation focuses on attacks launched from the internal network, due to the assumption that the IoT network has already installed a firewall. An insider/internal attack launched from an internal network endangers more the entire IoT security system. The experiments use the IoT network testbed that mimic the internal attack scenario with three major goals: (i) to provide a topological description on how an insider attack occurs; (ii) to achieve attack pattern extraction from raw sniffed data; and (iii) to establish attack pattern identification as a parameter to visualize real-time attacks. Experimental results validate the investigation.

Abstract P4-08-25: Decentralized beta testing of MammaPrint and BluePrint NGS kit at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris

Abstract Background Many countries restrict patient material exchange to central diagnostic laboratories abroad, limiting access to assays like MammaPrint® (MP) and BluePrint® (BP). Both assays are microarray-based, with MP being prognostic for distant recurrence and BP for molecular subtyping of breast cancer (Luminal-, HER2-, and Basal-type). To increase accessibility, decentralization is required with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) being the preferred testing platform given that most diagnostic laboratories have the technology in place. The aim of this beta testing study is to validate a previously developed and centrally validated MP and BP NGS kit for RNA samples in two large tertiary academic hospitals in Europe. Patients and Methods Patients with early breast cancer diagnosed at the Multidisciplinary Breast Center at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris were prospectively included between September 2017 and January 2018. Patients with bilateral breast cancer or presenting with more than 3 positive lymph nodes were excluded. Only patients with invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinoma were included. Twenty tissue sections were cut from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks; 10 tissue sections were analyzed at the local site using the MP and BP NGS kit, and 10 tissue sections were analyzed at Agendia using the same kit and procedure, as well as with the golden standard method (gene expression microarrays). Targeted RNA sequencing of the 70 MP and 80 BP signature genes was performed on Illumina MiSeq instruments. The raw NGS data generated at the local test sites was sent through a secure file transfer protocol server to Agendia for interpretation and comparison with microarray and NGS performed in the Agendia laboratories. We aimed for a minimum concordance rate between MP and BP outcome of 90% between each local site and Agendia's centralized site. Results In this study, 116 early breast cancer patients were included (73 from University Hospitals Leuven and 43 from Curie Institute). Out of these patients, 52% were MP Low Risk and 48% MP High Risk according to microarray. The patients had a BP luminal, HER2 or basal subtype in respectively 83%, 9% and 8%. Concordance between MP microarray obtained from Agendia and MP NGS obtained from the local sites was 91.4%. Concordance between MP High and Low Risk classification between NGS Leuven versus NGS Agendia was 92.1% and between NGS Curie versus NGS Agendia 95.3%. For BP subtype outcomes, the results from microarray versus NGS for all patients combined from both local sites gave a 98.3% concordance and NGS Agendia versus NGS from each local site gave a 100% concordance. Conclusion The MP and BP NGS kit was successfully validated in a decentralized setting, showing high concordance between results obtained at three different sites. There was a clear benefit of having well-trained NGS experienced diagnostic technical teams. The MP and BP NGS kit the first FFPE targeted RNA sequencing based multigene signature for breast cancer care, will provide a high and equal standard of MP and BP gene expression testing for breast cancer in a decentralized setting. Citation Format: Slembrouck L, Laurent C, Delahaye LJ, Mittempergher L, Vanden Bempt I, Vander Borght S, Darrigues L, Vliegen L, Sintubin P, Raynal V, Bohec M, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Helsmoortel C, Jongen L, Hoste G, Neven P, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Salomon AV, Faron EL, Cynober T, Witteveen AT, Neijenhuis S, Glas AM, Reyal F, Floris G. Decentralized beta testing of MammaPrint and BluePrint NGS kit at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-25.

A Virtual Repository of Neurosurgical Instrumentation for Neuroengineering Research and Collaboration

Advancements in microscopy and more recently in neuroendoscopy have revolutionized the field of neurosurgery. Handheld neurosurgical instruments are integral components of these procedures. However, these instruments have many limitations, such as poor ergonomics, constrained maneuverability, and limited degrees of freedom. A need for developing better instruments is commonly felt by neurosurgeons. Also, the focus of modern neurosurgical training is shifting toward simulation models. The baseline data of surgical instruments play a vital role in the development of virtual and physical simulators. A primary factor impeding development of novel instruments and simulators is lack of a comprehensive surgical instrument database. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a virtual repository of microscopic and neuroendoscopic instruments. Standard neurosurgical instrument sets were scanned, reverse engineered, and stored in various file formats at the file transfer protocol server. The developed database was validated by 4 groups of experts by creating different neurosurgery applications. Four groups of experts used the repository content to create novel ergonomic instrument designs, e-learning material, computer vision-based surgical skills evaluation and virtual reality and validated the contents. The validation results showed that quality of content (75%), usefulness of content (85.6%), and time saving using content (88.1%) received high scores, and the effectiveness of the virtual repository contents was appreciated. The virtual database is an efficient starting aid to foster research collaborations related to neurosurgical instruments and surgical simulation platforms.

IMPLEMENTASI FTP SERVER DENGAN METODE TRANSFER LAYER SECURITY UNTUK KEAMANAN TRANSFER DATA MENGGUNAKAN CENTOS 5.8

Information needed in life, to get information and exchange information needed is easy to do anytime and anywhere. File and data information, computer network is one of the important things for transfer information. One of the media that can be used is FTP (File Transfer Protocol), an application to exchange data between clients and servers on a network, by means of clients uploading files stored on the server hard disk and accessible through clients connected to the internet network. Through the development of current technology, important files that are uploaded and downloaded are very vulnerable to the world of the internet such as the wireshark tool that can be read username, password, and files that are uploaded and downloaded by the client. Therefore an FTP server was created with a data transfer security system. FTP servers that have activated the TLS (Transfer Layer Security) feature can provide user name information, passwords, and files that are uploaded and downloaded by the client that cannot be read by the Wireshark tool. In full capacity, use the hard disk server, then use the Quota Disk used to provide the client quota in uploading. Thus, FTP servers that have not used TLS are user names, passwords and files can be read by the Wireshark tool. While FTP servers that have used TLS are safer because of user names, passwords and files not read by the Wireshark tool Keywords :Disk Quota, File Transfer Protocol, (TLS) Transfer Layer Security DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3373760

Design and Implementation of Fuzzing Framework Based on IoT Applications

Nowadays the most serious security problems are imperfection in the implementations of network protocols. This imperfection can bring a lot of vulnerabilities such as could allow malicious user to attack the systems remotely using the network protocols over the internet. That is why developers value software security phases involving review of code, risk analysis, testing with penetration, and Fuzzing. In case of Fuzz testing, the main aim is to find vulnerabilities in the software/application by sending inputs which are not expected to the target. Then they monitor the situation of the target. Many applications in Internet of things (IoT) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things) environments are working with File Transfer Protocol (FTP) based applications. In this study, we present a fuzzing framework, which is applied to test network protocol implementations. It is extendable, man-in-the-middle, smart, and mostly deterministic. Our tool, like AutoFuzz (Gorbunov and Rosenbloom in AutoFuzz: automated network protocol fuzzing framework, Department of Mathematical and Computation Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada L5L 1C6, 2010), has the ability to learn a given protocol implementation by building a finite state automaton from records of communication traces between a client and the server. Additionally, this tool has the ability to learn syntax of individual messages at a lower level using the techniques of bioinformatics (Beddoe in Network protocol analysis using bioinformatics algorithms, http://www.4tphi.net/~awalters/PI/pi.pdf). At last, this framework can fuzz a given server protocol specification by changing the communication traces between the server and client. We applied it to multiple implementations of FTP server, with result of finding new and known vulnerabilities.

Collaborative study of 4-dimensional fetal echocardiography in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Accumulating evidence supports a role for 2-dimensional fetal echocardiography in the first trimester of pregnancy for the identification of congenital heart defects. Our objective was to investigate the role of 4-dimensional (4D) sonography in the identification of congenital heart defects between 11 and 15 weeks of pregnancy. This study included 4 centers with expertise in first-trimester 4D fetal echocardiography. Fetuses with and without confirmed heart defects were evaluated between 11 and 15 weeks and their volume data sets were uploaded onto a centralized file transfer protocol server. Forty-eight volume data sets from fetuses with normal (n = 17) and abnormal (n = 16) hearts were evaluated. Overall, the median (range) accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as the positive and negative likelihood ratios, for the identification of fetuses with congenital heart defects were 79% (77%-83%), 90% (70%-96%), 59% (58%-93%), 2.35 (2.05-9.80), and 0.18 (0.08-0.32), respectively. (1) Four-dimensional fetal echocardiography can be performed in the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy; and (2) 4D volume data sets obtained from fetuses between 11 and 15 weeks can be remotely acquired and accurately interpreted by different centers.

Research on Communication Automation with Design and Implementation of FTP Based on Serv-U

With the rapid development of network technology, communication automation system is widely used. It includes cabling system, broadband network system, mobile phone coverage system, cable and digital communication system. Use of the network is one of the functions of communication automation, and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the widely used protocols in the Internet. Based on the network platform, people use FTP service to transfer files and share information resources. The paper discusses the construction, working principle and access methods of FTP site. According to the security problems of FTP service, the paper researches on communication automation and proposes the security strategy of FTP technology. Combined with the engineering example, it introduces the concrete steps and methods of setting up FTP server based on server software Serv-U. Using FTP technology, it realizes allocation and rational use of information resources and also constructs a reliable, efficient, unified information platform. The FTP system runs normally.

Collaborative Study on 3‐Dimensional Sonography for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Defects

Prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies by 2-dimensional sonography is challenging because of difficulties in obtaining complete visualization of the fetal brain during routine examinations, which is necessary for identification of its axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Three-dimensional (3D) sonography has been introduced as a tool for studying the fetal CNS because of its ability to facilitate examinations of the fetal brain. The objective of this study was to determine inter-center agreement in diagnosing CNS defects by review of 3D volume data sets. This study included 11 centers with expertise in 3D fetal neurosonography. A total of 217 fetuses with and without confirmed CNS defects were scanned after 18 weeks' gestation, and their volume data sets were uploaded onto a centralized file transfer protocol server and later analyzed by all of the centers. Intercenter agreement was determined using a κ statistic for multiple raters. All volumes were made anonymous and sent to the centers for blinded analysis with the exception of the data sets they had themselves previously uploaded. For identification of fetuses with CNS defects, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and false-positive and -negative rates were 93.3%, 96.5%, 96.5%, 93.3%, 3.5%, and 6.7%, respectively. No differences were found in the efficacy of the diagnostic indices according to either the route of acquisition (transabdominal or trans-vaginal) or the gestational age at diagnosis (18-24 or >24 weeks). Intercenter agreement was excellent (κ = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.97). Among centers with technical expertise, remote review of 3D sonographic volumes of the fetal CNS resulted in an accurate and reliable method for diagnosis of fetal brain malformations.

Collaborative Study on 4-Dimensional Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Fetal Heart Defects

Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, and congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of birth defects. Recently, 4-dimensional ultrasonography (4DUS) with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) has been introduced for fetal echocardiography. Accumulating evidence indicates that 4DUS with STIC may facilitate the examination of the fetal heart. Our objectives were to determine the accuracy of 4DUS for the diagnosis of CHDs and the agreement among centers. This study included 7 centers with expertise in 4D fetal echocardiography. Fetuses with and without confirmed heart defects were scanned between 18 and 26 weeks, and their volume data sets were uploaded onto a centralized file transfer protocol server. Intercenter agreement was determined using a κ statistic for multiple raters. Ninety volume data sets were randomly selected for blinded analysis. Overall, the median (range) sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and false-positive and -negative rates for the identification of fetuses with CHDs were 93% (77%-100%), 96% (84%-100%), 96% (83%-100%), 93% (79%-100%), 4.8% (2.7%-25%), and 6.8% (5%-22%), respectively. The most frequent CHDs were conotruncal anomalies (36%). There was excellent intercenter agreement (κ = 0.97). (1) Four-dimensional volume data sets can be remotely acquired and accurately interpreted by different centers. (2) Among centers with technical expertise, 4DUS is an accurate and reliable method for fetal echocardiography.

Telecytology in Hokkaido Island, Japan: results of primary telecytodiagnosis of routine cases.

In 1997, an Internet-based static image telepathology system was built at Sapporo National Hospital, Japan. We can exchange high-resolution microscopical images through a file transfer protocol server and discuss cytological findings and diagnosis on an electronic mailing list. We applied the system to primary telecytodiagnosis. From May 1997 to April 1999 we have made diagnoses of 614 daily cases only by looking at the video monitor images transmitted from the cytotechnologist of Wakkanai Municipal Hospital 300 km distant from Sapporo. The concordance between telecytodiagnosis and glass slide diagnosis was 88.6%. Kappa statistics for cervical smears was 0.919 and that for specimens other than uterine cervix was 0.810. The accuracy of telecytodiagnosis was 91.4%, and was not substantially different from that of the conventional mail-based cytology in a previous year. We had five cases with a severely inappropriate diagnosis in telecytology, all of which however were quickly corrected by follow-up histological or cytological specimens. With the use of an electronic mailing list the participants had quick and sufficient discussions. We conclude that telecytology is very useful for primary cytodiagnosis in regional medicine and that it may raise the accuracy of cytodiagnosis in future, if we make consistent efforts to reflect the benefits of telecytology in daily practices. This is the first report of clinical results of telecytology from Japan.

Improving Internet archive service through proxy cache

Traditionally, file transfer protocol (FTP) servers are major archive providers and users apply the Archie server to locate FTP archives. With the extreme popularity of the WWW, Web servers are now important archive providers and users download archives via HTTP. To reduce HTTP traffic, proxy cache servers are deployed on the Internet. However, we find the hit rate of archives in cache servers is quite low. This study proposes a combination of caching and better searching mechanisms to alleviate the problem. We enable a proxy server to automatically collect WWW and FTP archives from its cache, organize them in the form of an FTP directory, and then offer the directory list to the Archie. Accordingly, users can find archives on WWW and FTP servers through the Archie, and they can directly download archives from the proxy server, thus improving the reuse of cached archives. A system was implemented and operated in a real environment to evaluate the approach and results are discussed.

A STUDY ON TELE-COLLABORATIVE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

The tele-collaborative product development (TeleCo-PD) is an important technology for modern enterprises to win in the 21st century global market. It concerns how to utilize distributed product development resources to design and manufacture a new product. This paper presents a series of tools developed to construct a TeleCo-PD platform, which provides small and middle size enterprises with the ability to collaborate with each other. The proposed platform is based on an Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN), with a Client/Server based process management system for defining and assigning tasks, a whiteboard for sharing engineering drawings, and a File Transfer Protocol server for transferring product data files. The platform has been deployed in a virtual enterprise in developing a new digital camera.