File Server Research Articles

Changes in access to community health services among rural areas affected and unaffected by hospital closures between 2006 and 2018: A comparative interrupted time series study.

Recent studies suggest that Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) may be expanding their provision of primary care in rural communities that experience a hospital loss. Whether these trends are different from rural areas not being affected by rural hospital closures is unknown. Data included Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Provider of Services files, the Cecil G. Sheps hospital closure database, and American Community Survey estimates. Changes in straight-line distances to the nearest FQHC and rural health clinic (RHC) were compared between areas affected and unaffected by a rural hospital closure in a matched case control study design using an interrupted time series model. There was no instantaneous percentage point increase in FQHC (2.41, 95% CI -0.79 to 5.60, P .140) or RHC (3.27, 95% CI -1.12 to 7.67, P .144) access following hospital closures compared to changes in access occurring in other rural areas. On average, rural ZIP codes affected by hospital closures exhibited a 0.84 percentage point increase in FQHC access over time (95% CI 0.40-1.28, P .000), but similar trends were also found within unaffected ZIP codes classified as small rural areas. Rural areas impacted by hospital closures did not experience an increase in proximity to FQHCs or RHCs relative to changes in access occurring in other rural areas. Over time, most rural areas are seeing an increase in access to FQHCs and RHCs. Policies are needed to incentivize primary care providers to target geographic areas experiencing a hospital closure.

Storming in agent recruitment: Evidence from declassified Soviet secret service files

Using recently declassified data from 1961-1990, we find that the recruitment of secret service (KGB) agents in Latvia, then part of the Soviet Union, evolved in cycles with mid-year and year-end surges. These persistent activity surges, also known as storming, occurred at the end of required reporting periods and resemble the behavior in the rest of the planned Soviet economy. Our findings demonstrate that storming characterized more than just the production of goods - it was also present in one of the most important state security agencies. We also find that storming in recruitment was more likely in strategically less important areas and among the less educated individuals.

Analysis of minimum distribution time of two-class tit-for-tat-based P2P file distribution

The demand for large-scale file distribution over the Internet has been increasing, such as software and its update data distribution. When a new and/or popular file is released, many users tend to simultaneously access distribution server(s), making them bottleneck. Several systems (e.g., Ubuntu and Windows Update) have started applying the peer-to-peer (P2P) file distribution paradigm where users’ devices (i.e., peers) assist the file distribution. Since peers will consume their access link capacities to upload fragments of the file (i.e., pieces) to others, an appropriate incentive mechanism should be designed to motivate peers to behave cooperatively. In this paper, we focus on the tit-for-tat (TFT) based P2P file distribution with two-class peers where equivalent amount of piece exchange between each pair of peers is guaranteed and peers are classified into two classes: peers with high upload capacity or those with low one. In particular, given the system parameters (e.g., the number of peers and the upload capacity distribution), we specify the bottleneck of the system and derive the corresponding minimum file distribution time, with the help of a fluid model. Through numerical results, we verify the validity of analytical results and compare the system performance of TFT based P2P file distribution with that of existing architectures: client–server file distribution and cooperative P2P file distribution.

Prescription medication use and trends for U.S. Navy submariners from 2007 to 2018

Introduction: This is the first study to examine population medication prescription rates among U.S. submariners by common therapeutic classifications. Methods: Individual-level pharmacy records during the years 2007 to 2018 were extracted from the Military Health System’s Pharmacy Data Transaction Service (PDTS) file. Demographic and military factors captured from Navy personnel files were linked to PDTS records. Logistic regression models were used to identify characteristics and trends associated with prevalence. Published total rates for other active-duty components were compared to submariner rates. Results: There were data for 50,720 submariners, among whom 576,782 prescriptions were filled. Prevalence rates decreased significantly from 2007-2018 among most drug classes. Central nervous system agents accounted for 31% of the total prescriptions, followed by 12% for eye, ear, nose, and throat preparations, and 10% for anti-infective agents. Higher prescription rates were associated with being enlisted, younger, a woman, lower-ranked, or Hispanic. The mean yearly prescription rate was 2.7 per submariner, less than half of the overall rate of all military components. Conclusions: Central nervous system agents were the most common drug class for submariners and all military components. Future work at the drug level is warranted to better understand the temporal declines in submariner rates and if submariner rates are lower than overall active-duty rates due to health status measures, sex, or allowance guidelines. Drug-level utilization can help determine if onboard medications should be adjusted to meet the current needs of men, and the needs of the growing submariner population of women.

Analysis of Crypto-Ransomware Using Network Traffic

Ransomware is a form of malware attack that makes use of encryption to make information inaccessible for the motive of gathering a specified amount of payment. Many victims of this attack who couldn’t recover their information from backups have been compelled to decide between losing the information or paying the sum requested by the attacker. This research shows some of the various samples of ransomware, the phases of attack, and the chance of recognizing ransomware by the network traffic patterns it generates. Traffic generated from the infected system was considered. Experimental results from the ransomware detection show that some certain ransomware is very noisy and generates noticeable traffic patterns. In light of traffic information gathered from ransomware, conceivable discovery thoughts could be investigated. The result of the analysis shows that some ransomware generates traffic that is different from normal network traffic. Also, the infection of the file server system shows that the length and time vary but after infection the time for the different samples of ransomware to carry out its encryption is constant.

Raspberry PI 4 as NAS

With the growing use of computers in our daily lives, the craze of wireless domains and cloud storage is growing daily, with this project on LIVE NAS SERVER WITH RASPBERRY PI, the idea is to use Raspberry Pi as a low cost. NAS Server, which can be used to access Network Storage seamlessly on the LAN Network and to achieve this with low cost and low data consumption. This project gives us flexibility, to use Network Storage without the mess of any wired devices and eases team work. The growing demand in the market for increased storage capacity is mainly because of our dependency on the network. Network attached storage (NAS) provides the dedicated file server to manage all kinds of files. It is an independent storage device which is connected directly to the network. Due to its availability on the network. It can easily accessed by any number of heterogeneous clients. The NAS system easy to use and configured and it also of added security features and web server capabilities.

An Analysis of Several Keyword-Based Search Methods for Encrypted Data

Cloud computing provides several attractive benefits for users like on-demand computing, pay as per use. It brings great convenience to consumers; where shared resources, data and information are provided to computers on-demand and consumer has to pay as per use. Ideally for these services, consumers should be in a position to verify the charges billed to them. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data. But on other hand consumers are facing serious difficulties that how to search the most suitable services from cloud. It is desirable to store data on data storage servers such as mail servers and file servers in encrypted form to reduce security and privacy risks. Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it. Multiple encryption techniques are invented to encrypt the data. That way encrypted search has become an important problem in security. This is due to a combination of three things: (1) search is now the primary way we access our data; (2) we are outsourcing more and more of our data to third parties; and (3) we trust these third parties less and less. Because of this, the problem of encrypted search is now of interest to many sub-fields in computer science (e.g., databases, security, cryptography, privacy). Some existing methods are more practical than others, some are more secure than others and some are more functional or flexible. These schemes do not support verifiability of search result. To save computation cost or download bandwidth it is viewed as, selfish cloud server only conducts a fraction of search operation or semi-honest-but-curious server return a part of result. To tackle such challenges, multiple search scheme are invented.

Pendampingan Implementasi Sistem Administrasi Desa untuk Mewujudkan Smart Village di Pekon Wonodadi Kabupaten Pringsewu Lampung

Conceptually, smart villages are related to resource management carried out by the government by utilizing appropriate technology. There are 3 main elements that make up a smart village that must be accommodated properly, namely government, community and environment. Pekon Wonodadi, Gadingrejo District is one of the leading villages in Pringsewu district, Lampung Province and has good potential in the economic field and has carried out village administration well. This condition makes it possible to transform Wonodadi into a Smart Village so that it can improve village functions and services for the community. One of the obstacles faced by Pekon Wonodadi becoming Smart Village is that the public service administration process is still not integrated into a system, so the services provided are still not optimal in terms of speed and accuracy of data. In addition, there is also a problem in the service file archiving process. In order to make Wonodadi becoming a smart village, mentoring activities and implementation of the Village Service Administration System (SIAP) were carried out where these activities correspond to the 2 elements of smart village, namely the government and the community. Evaluation of the activities was carried out by assessing the level of user acceptance of the SIAP application and it was found that the technology implemented could assist Wonodadi Village in improving the quality of service to the community and in the village administration process. This result is reflected in the survey results where 84% of the people feel that it is easier for them to get village services.

Development of a distributed high-speed data acquisition and monitoring system based on a special data packet format for HUST RF negative ion source

A distributed high-speed data acquisition and monitoring system for the RF negative ion source at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is developed, which consists of data acquisition, data forwarding and data processing. Firstly, the data acquisition modules sample physical signals at high speed and upload the sampling data with corresponding absolute-time labels over UDP, which builds the time correlation among different signals. And a special data packet format is proposed for the data upload, which is convenient for packing or parsing a fixed-length packet, especially when the span of the time labels in a packet crosses an absolute second. The data forwarding modules then receive the UDP messages and distribute their data packets to the real-time display module and the data storage modules by PUB/SUB-pattern message queue of ZeroMQ. As for the data storage, a scheme combining the file server and MySQL database is adopted to increase the storage rate and facilitate the data query. The test results show that the loss rate of the data packets is within the range of 0–5% and the storage rate is higher than 20 Mbps, both acceptable for the HUST RF negative ion source.

Cognitive flexibility moderates the association between maltreatment and emotion regulation in residential care children of the middle childhood period

The purpose of this study was to examine, in a sample of residential care children, the moderating role of cognitive flexibility in the association between maltreatment and emotion regulation competencies. The sample included 69 children aged 8 to 12 and their group home educator as their primary caretaker. Educators completed questionnaires evaluating child emotion regulation competencies and cognitive flexibility. Child history of maltreatment and sociodemographic data were collected on the basis of the children’s child protective services files. Moderation analyses showed that the effect of child maltreatment on emotion regulation was only present for children with high levels of cognitive flexibility, such that the less children experienced severe maltreatment, the more they showed emotion regulation competencies. Children with low cognitive flexibility displayed lower levels of emotion regulation regardless of their maltreatment history. These results suggest that focusing on cognitive flexibility when intervening with children in residential care could help strengthen their emotion regulation competencies, which may prevent further maladaptive behaviors.

Impact of the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model on patient-reported outcomes.

To determine whether the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, a mandatory episode-based payment program for knee and hip replacement surgery, affected patient-reported measures of quality. Surveys of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who had hip or knee replacement surgery, collected between July 2018 and March 2019, secondary Medicare administrative data, the Provider of Services file, CJR and Bundled Payments for Care Improvement participant lists from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the Area Health Resource Files. In 2018, participation in the CJR model was mandatory for nearly all hospitals in 34 randomly selected, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that had high historical Medicare payments for lower-extremity joint replacements surgery. The control group included 47 high-payment MSAs randomly assigned as controls. We estimated risk-adjusted differences in self-reported measures of functional status and pain, satisfaction with care, and caregiver help between respondents in CJR hospitals and respondents in hospitals located in the control group. We selected a census of CJR patients and an equal number of control patients to survey. We fielded two waves of surveys using a mail and phone protocol, yielding 8433 CJR and 9014 control respondents. CJR respondents were slightly more likely to depend on caregivers for certain activities of daily living when they got home (either directly from the hospital or after an institutional post-acute care stay). On a 100-point scale, differences ranged from -2.6 points (p< 0.01) for help needed bathing to -1.7 points (p< 0.05) for help needed using the toilet. However, differences in eight measures of self-reported functional status approximately 90-120 days after hospital discharge were not statistically significant, ranging from -1.1% (p= 0.087) to 0.7% (p= 0.437). CJR did not harm patient health or affect patient satisfaction on average but did increase reliance on caregivers during recovery.

The Impact of Rural Hospital Closures on Emergency Medical Services Transport Times

Purpose: Previous studies have found disparities in emergency medical service (EMS) transports for rural residents including double the average response time and lower patient survival rates when compared with their urban counterparts. Since 2012, the rate of rural hospitals closures has risen alarmingly from previous years. Previous studies have linked the closure of rural hospitals to increased EMS transport and total activation time. However, data and methods used in previous studies have not included facility-level characteristics, which limits the ability to tease out the nuances of each closure. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of rural hospital closures on EMS travel time, as well as the characteristics of the closed hospitals. Sample: Data sources for the study came from a state-level EMS database, the CMS Provider of Service files, and state-level hospital data reports. Methods: Geographic information system software was used to geocode hospital locations and generate service areas based on drive times. We identified rural hospitals that closed in Alabama between 2010-2018 and then identified the 911 call data from the state’s EMS database that occurred within close proximity of each of the hospitals of interest, resulting in a sample of 120,802 EMS calls. Findings: We identified five hospital closures within our time period. For one of the five closures, EMS transport time to the emergency department increased by thirteen minutes post-closure. In two of the five closures, transport time increased by five minutes or less. In two instances, however, transport time decreased. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that not all rural hospital closures result in increased EMS transport times as rural patients may have already been routinely transported to alternate hospitals. Additionally, specific characteristics of a hospital pre-closure may be related to changes in EMS travel times that occur post-closure. Keywords: Rural health, emergency medical services, access, hospital closure, travel distance DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v22i1.690

Who receives post-acute care? Characteristics of national population and field test sample.

Each year millions of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States receive post-acute care (PAC) in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), and home health agencies (HHA). We describe, overall and by PAC setting, the national population of facilities and patients, evaluate the representativeness of a national field test sample, and describe patient characteristics in the national field test sample. We analyzed the 2016 Provider of Service file, 2016 patient assessment data reported by PAC providers to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid, and data collected from PAC providers participating in a national field test. National data included 27,234 PAC settings and 5,033,820 beneficiaries receiving PAC. The national field test sample consisted of 143 facilities across 14 markets with 25-30 patients sampled from each facility (n=3669). We describe PAC facility and patient characteristics for both the national and field test sample. Nationally, PAC facilities were more likely for-profit versus not for-profit, have an average nurse-to-bed ratio between 1:10 to 1:1 (lowest in SNFs) and be in metropolitan versus other areas. PAC patients were more likely to be white, female, and 75-89 years of age; heart failure as a primary medical condition tended to be more common than stroke or sepsis. There was limited variability across setting types. In the national field test, patients in LTCHs demonstrated a greater likelihood of cognitive impairment, positive depression screening, bowel and bladder appliance use, higher rates of medication drug classes taken, and use of therapeutic diets and IV medications. The national field test facility and patient samples were fairly representative of the national population overall and across settings with a few exceptions. Moreover, differences according to PAC setting on patient characteristics in the national field test aligned with general differences in patient populations.

Government influence on e-government adoption by citizens in Colombia: Empirical evidence in a Latin American context

This study aims to identify government influence in the adoption of e-government by citizens (AEC) through a case study analyzing actions in Antioquia, Colombia, to increase AEC in annual vehicle tax filing and payment services. We classified these actions employing institutional theory, institutional interventions, and legitimation strategies. An analysis correlating AEC actions (including the COVID-19 containment measures) with over 16 million transactions in these two services during 2015-2020 found a strong government influence on AEC. We established coercive pressure and conformance to the environment as important predictors of AEC, but the COVID-19 containment measures only influenced electronic tax payments. Service type was also an essential predictor for these services; however, mobilization was not. Increasing AEC should be considered a necessary objective for public administrations, especially in developing countries that face shortages of resources and facilities.

Determinant of Citizens’ Acceptance of E-government: Examining Semi-online Tax Filing System in Indonesia

This article examined the intention of Indonesian citizens to adopt and use a semi-online tax filing system service well-known as E-Form. The theoretical foundation used in this article is The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) with government trust, technology anxiety, and trust of the internet. The data were obtained from questionnaires filled out by Indonesian taxpayers who are acquainted with the E-Form. The Partial Least Square method based on Structural Equation Model was applied to analyze the data supported by SmartPLS 3.0. The results of data analysis demonstrated that, except for Effort Expectancy, the main variables of UTAUT, technology anxiety, and trust of the internet have a significant effect on the Intention to use the E-Form. Surprisingly, trust of government does not affect the decision to use the E-Form. However, performance expectancy is significantly influenced by trust of government and effort expectancy. Several recommendations for system developers and the government as policymakers are offered to assist the success of citizens’ acceptance of semi-online tax filling system services in Indonesia.

Software implementation of the enterprise protection system

The article proposes the implementation of a specific information system for ensuring the in-formation security of the enterprise. The peculiarities of the international standard ISO/IEC-15408, which is a methodology of tasks, assessments and a catalog of IT security requirements have been studied and analyzed. The specifics of the application of general security criteria have been defined and the use of Active Directory services has been proposed as an example of the implementation of General Criteria at the enterprise. The advantages of the Active Directory service in comparison with the Workgroup have been determined. Step-by-step construction of a fault-tolerant enterprise data protection system has been offered. A feature of the proposed system is the fault tolerance of the directory service, which is ensured by deploying servers – domain controllers in each domain. The article defines the main tasks of the proposed data pro-tection system, including the comprehensive coverage of management functions, the efficiency of use of computer and telecommunications equipment and software, and the adaptability of the functional and instrumental structure of the system to the features of the managed object. The proposed complex data protection system consists of a number of interconnected components. A mandatory component of setting up a comprehensive protection system is the organization of a backup system for critical databases, which includes planning a backup schedule for various servers. To manage access rights, user groups have been added, taking into account the specifics of the company's work, and setting policies makes it possible to limit access to data on the company's file servers in accordance with different levels of access to information. The imple-mentation of research materials into the practice of solving applied tasks aimed at implement-ing a data protection system at enterprises has been confirmed by acts of practical application at the enterprise Medical Center Consilium Medical LLC.

The information association model of college students' archives based on a cloud computing management platform

In order to overcome the problems of slow response time and poor field integrity of the first level of the poor update effect of the student file service, this paper proposes an information association model of college student file based on the cloud computing management platform. To build a cloud computing management platform architecture, according to the characteristics of multi-source and heterogeneous information, judge whether the weight distribution is reasonable through the judgment matrix, calculate the user interest using the processed data, apply the Ebbinghaus forgetting formula to the user interest attenuation, build a complete file information association diagram by solving the association strength between file entities, and get a complete file information association diagram interest correlation analysis model. The experimental results show that it can modify personal space style and log, web service response is faster, service update effect is 7.0, and field integrity is about 7.8.

A Medical Financial Partnership in a Pediatric Medical Home

The Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program is an underutilized free taxpreparation service that directly addresses poverty by maximizing tax refunds. A pediatric medical home (PMH) with an embedded VITA site provides an excellent opportunity for a medical-financial partnership. We sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caregivers of children who used a PMH after embedding a VITA site. We found that a PMH-VITA site was a convenient, trusted, useful, and potentially tax-filing behaviorchanging intervention. Importantly, most caregivers who did not use the PMH-VITA site had no knowledge of availability of free tax filing services but would consider using one the following year. Improved marketing is needed to increase utilization in our target population.

Problems of Criticism of the Communist Poland’s Security Service (SB) Files as Historical Sources

Despite the passage of 20 years since the opening of the archives of the former SB, historians have not developed the principles of criticism of SB files as historical sources, which is conducive to the so-called playing with folders, and consequently the destruction of historical narrative and social life. Among researchers and publicists, an affirmative attitude towards the SB files has been created, causing their criticism to be ignored.&#x0D; Researchers ignore the requirement to separate the theoretical-ideological and rhetorical layers of SB operational files. They also neglect to study the credibility of their authors.&#x0D; Rafał Łatka gave a justification for the affirmative attitude to the SB files. It has been shown that this justification is logically erroneous, and the affirmative attitude to the SB files is contrary to the rational concept of the historical source and to the examples of the lack of credibility of these files.&#x0D; Several ways of creating questionnaires to examine the credibility of SB files were proposed. The first question that was proposed: Was the work of officers and their superiors in the field of interest to the researcher focused on efficiency or on the statistics of results? Further proposals suggest questions about the internal control of the case under investigation.&#x0D; It was justified that it is not enough to state the fact of registration of a given person by SB as a collaborator, because it is necessary to demonstrate specific cooperation.&#x0D; It was justified that the reliability of a note decreases exponentially as a function of the number of intermediaries between it and the facts.&#x0D; The need to ask about the intentions of the officers doing reports, which could be related to their professional careers, the expectations of superiors, the need to demonstrate results, etc., was indicated. The need to investigate deviations of the examined case from the ideal instructional pattern was also indicated.&#x0D; Studies of the reliability of files have their ethical aspect. Studies that may threaten good name of the persons concerned should meet the highest methodological standards and be guided by the principle of in dubio pro reo.

The contributions of survey-based versus administrative measures of socioeconomic status in predicting type of post-acute care for hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries.

To assess and compare the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) measures from two sources (claims vs. survey data) and the type of post-acute care (PAC) locations following hospital discharge. This observational study included Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) beneficiaries age 65.5 years or older who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and were hospitalized in 2006-2011. Multiple data sets were used including: Area Deprivation Index; Medicare Cost Reports, Provider of Services files, and Area Health Resource File. Multinomial regression models estimated associations between beneficiary's SES and PAC type. SES measures came from surveys (income and education) and administrative records (dual enrollment and area deprivation). PAC types included home with self-care, home health agency, skilled nursing facility (SNF), or inpatient rehabilitation facility. Low income and dual enrollment were associated with higher SNF use while living in a deprived area was associated with lower SNF use and higher use of home with self-care. Dual enrollment and area deprivation were associated with the largest differences. If policies to modify payment based on SES are considered, administrative measures (dual enrollment and area deprivation) rather than survey measures (education and income) may be sufficient.