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On the number of ℓ-suitable Boolean functions in constructions of filter and combining models of stream ciphers

It is well known that every stream cipher is based on a good pseudorandom generator. For cryptographic purposes, we are interested in generating pseudorandom sequences with the maximum possible period. A feedback register is one of the most known cryptographic primitives that is used to construct stream ciphers. We consider periodic properties of pseudorandom sequences produced by filter and combiner generators (two known schemes of stream generators based on feedback registers). We analyze functions in these schemes that lead to output sequences of period at least a given number l. We call such functions l-suitable and count the exact number of them for an arbitrary n. Download file

Blockchain Malware Detection Tool Based on Signature Technique

Downloading software or files from the internet can be risky as it is hard to know if they are safe and do not contain viruses. Traditional anti-virus software uses a centralized database to identify malware, but this method has drawbacks due to its centralized design, which creates a single point of failure. Blockchain technology has become a solution to many problems faced in the tech industry, including the need for a decentralized and secure way for users to verify and confirm the presence of malware in a file. The decentralized database, permanence, immutability, anonymity, and auditability of blockchain technology make it an ideal solution for malware detection. In fact, malware data has been compiled in databases that antivirus manufacturers use to identify malware. However, blockchain technology provides a more secure and decentralized way to store this data, which can be shared between users and allow them to rapidly update whether a file is safe or not. This paper presents a blockchain-based malware detection tool designed to enhance security and prevent the spread of malware in digital networks. The tool based on Java programming language incorporates signaturebased methods to effectively identify and detect malicious codes in malware. The proposed tool contributes to the field of cybersecurity by leveraging blockchain technology to enhance malware detection process.

Characterizing the geographic distribution of vascular surgeons in the United States.

The shortage of vascular surgeons can be attributed to multiple factors, including an aging population, the increasing demand for vascular surgeons, and an aging vascular surgery workforce. The distribution of vascular surgeons across the United States varies by locale; thus, the shortage affects regions of different sizes disproportionately. We collated the geographic data to characterize the current distribution of vascular surgeons with an emphasis on the practice location, population density, and population age. Vascular surgeons were identified using the Physician Compare National Downloadable file from the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. The counties were matched with each surgeon's practice location. The locations were categorized into metropolitan, urban, or rural using the rural-urban continuum codes. Census Bureau data were used to match all counties with their population-level metrics. The distribution of vascular surgeons was analyzed by comparing the number of counties served, total patient population served, and patient population aged >50 and >65years served. Finally, the density of vascular surgeons in the United States for the total population and for those aged >50 and >65years was calculated. In 2018, the U.S. population was 309.8 million, and there were 3145 counties. Of the 3145 counties, 533 (17%) had had a practicing vascular surgeon. The combined population of these counties was 213.8 million people (69% of the U.S. population). Stratified by age, the vascular surgeons in these 533 counties could treat 37.3 million people aged >50years and 17.4 million people aged >65years. However, 2612 counties (83%), with a total population of 96 million people (31% of the U.S. population), had had no practicing vascular surgeon. When stratified by age, 78.1 million people in the uncovered counties were aged >50years and 35 million were aged >65years. Of the 2612 uncovered counties, 48% were urban and 24% were rural. We found a nationwide shortage of vascular surgeons, with urban and rural areas disproportionately affected negatively. Although encouraging vascular surgeons to practice in underserved areas would be an ideal solution, it is not pragmatic. Therefore, developing alternatives such as using primary care providers, investing in telehealth and developing transfer systems could be viable methods of providing vascular care to geographically isolated populations. These findings have significant implications for hospitals, patients, and vascular surgeons, who would all stand to benefit from efforts to address these disparities.

Gender differences in Medicare payments to cardiothoracic surgeons in 2019.

The STS Thoracic Surgery Practice and Access Task Force - 2019 Workforce Report noted gender-based differences in the income of cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States. We analysed the 2019 Medicare payment data for thoracic and cardiac surgeons to investigate the gender-based payment gap among cardiothoracic surgeons. The 2019 Medicare Physician and Other Practitioners by Provider and Services data set merged with the Doctors and Clinicians National Downloadable File was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of gender differences in Medicare payments, numbers of services, unique billing codes, years in practice, Medicare beneficiary age, regional population density (rural-urban commuting area code) and patient panel complexity (hierarchical condition category) for providers. The providers' self-reported gender (women or men) and provider type (thoracic surgery or cardiac surgery) were binarily set according to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services standards. Independent analyses were performed with thoracic and cardiac surgeons. We also used the 2013 and 2016 Medicare Physician and Other Practitioners by Provider and Services data sets to analyse the trends in adjusted gender-based payment differences across 2013, 2016 and 2019. After controlling for the covariates, women thoracic surgeons received $25,183.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) $16,307.60, $34,059.40] less than the mean Medicare payment than men thoracic surgeons. Likewise, women cardiac surgeons received $20,960 [95% confidence interval (CI) $1,014.80, $40,902.80] less than the mean adjusted Medicare payment than their men counterparts. In 2019, women cardiothoracic surgeons received a significantly lower mean Medicare payment than men cardiothoracic surgeons after controlling for the number of services, unique billing codes, the complexity of the patient panel, years in practice and regional population density. The payment gap between women and men exhibited no statistically significant change over 2013, 2016 and 2019.Future studies are warranted to understand the association between gender representation and the pay gap.

PIRAP: Chaotic Fuzzy Encryption (CFE) Technique and Greedy Chemical Reaction Optimization (GCRO) Algorithm-Based Secured Mobi-Cloud Framework

This paper uses the chaotic fuzzy encryption (CFE) technique and a greedy chemical reaction optimization algorithm based on mobile cloud computing to protect data from any assault. Mobile users who use protected mobile cloud computing (Mobi-Cloud) must trust the cloud service provider to keep the data sent from their mobile devices safe when mobile users express strong reservations about storing personal information in the public cloud. The Greedy Chemical Reaction Optimization (G-CRO) algorithm reduces critical limitations by determining the offloading end with motion at run time, i.e. the task’s operating time, CPU usage, memory utilization, and energy usage. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better in terms of file uploading time, file downloading time, memory usage in file uploading, memory usage in file downloading, encryption time, decryption time, memory usage on file encryption, memory usage on file decryption, security levels, and key generation time. Compared to the Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) algorithm, the suggested method consumes less time for key creation (26.04).

Data Propagation for Low Latency Blockchain Systems

Broadcasting plays a vital role in the consensus mechanisms of blockchain systems, since the consensus of each block must wait until the previous block is received by (nearly) all the nodes in the blockchain systems. Therefore, optimizing the performance of broadcasting can significantly improve the performance of the blockchain system. However, compared with other traditional P2P applications such as file downloading or video delivery, the broadcasting in blockchain has two new requirements, namely low redundancy and low propagation latency, which all the existing mechanisms (e.g. flooding, structural DHT etc.) can not meet well. In this paper, we propose Swift, a new broadcasting mechanism for blockchain systems. It optimizes the P2P topology construction and broadcast algorithm in the structured network based on unsupervised learning and greedy algorithm, effectively reducing the propagation latency of the blockchain P2P network while avoiding the waste of redundant bandwidth. We implemented a prototype of Swift and evaluated its performance on a testbed network that consists of 1000 blockchain nodes. The experimental findings show that Swift can reduce propagation latency by 19.8% with similar bandwidth consumption, generating an 18% increase in the throughput performance of the blockchain. Finally, with the increase in connections, Swift can simultaneously achieve low latency and maintain a relatively stable redundant bandwidth waste, instead of linearly increasing in flooding.

Design and Implementation of Strong Security Architecture for Amazon Web Service based on Cloud Applications

Cloud applications are becoming a necessary part of modern life. Security is one of the most important non-functional requirements of every solution. Early days, security and data privacy was just luxury part of software development and it was an optional requirement but nowadays it plays a critical role in daily life. The presented work will be made to observe the need for symmetric security algorithms in Cloud application with Amazon web service. This work observes that the current security level of existing applications recommend improved security solutions to enhance the security level as well performance of proposed architecture. This work recommends Blowfish, RC6 algorithm (symmetric key cryptography) can be used to achieve confidentiality during communication Amazon web service Platform. It also considers the MD5 algorithm to maintain the integrity and modified Kerberos algorithm to achieve authentication. The complete work will propose a security architecture having solution to achieve confidentiality, integrity with strong authentication policy for Cloud application development in Amazon web service. The strong security architecture provide for data and minimum executive time in upload and download file, different key size, file size and chunking size in file. File size divided into chunk 512 bit, 1024 bit, 2048 bit after process in Amazon web service, we are found the optimum time are chunking file size 2048 bits reduce time in encryption and decryption data process and maintain strong security data file in communication including file size 5, 10, 15 and 20 Megabyte.

The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020

Abstract. The European PreInstrumental Earthquake CAtalogue (EPICA) (Rovida and Antonucci, 2021; https://doi.org/10.13127/epica.1.1) is the 1000–1899 seismic catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 (ESHM20), an outcome of the project Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA), in the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. EPICA is the update of the SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000–1899, with which it shares the main principles – mostly transparency, repeatability and continent-wide harmonisation of data – as well as the compilation strategies and methods. Version 1.1 of EPICA contains 5703 earthquakes with either maximum intensity ≥5 or Mw≥4.0, with a spatial coverage from the Atlantic Ocean to the west to 32∘ E in longitude, and from the Mediterranean Sea to Northern Europe. EPICA relies upon the updated knowledge of the European preinstrumental seismicity provided by the data gathered in the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD). Such data are both macroseismic intensity data supplied by descriptive historical seismological studies and online macroseismic databases, and parameters contained in regional catalogues. As done for the compilation of SHEEC 1000–1899, these datasets were thoroughly analysed in order to select the most representative of the knowledge of each earthquake, independently from national constraints. Selected intensity distributions are processed with three methods to determine location and magnitude based on the attenuation of macroseismic intensity and are combined with parameters harmonised from modern regional catalogues. This paper describes the compilation procedure of EPICA version 1.1, its input data, the assessment of the earthquake parameters and the resulting catalogue, which is finally compared with its previous version. Technical solutions for accessing the catalogue, both as downloadable files and through web services, are also illustrated.

The Role of Physician Networks and Receipt of Opioid-Related Payments.

Opioid-related promotional payments are associated with increased prescribing of the promoted drug, but little is known about whether physicians receiving payments influence peers to accept similar payments. We examine the association of physician network-level position among peers and the acceptance of opioid-related promotional payments using national publicly available datasets from 2015. Design National cross-sectional data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) National Downloadable File and Open Payment data. Physicians who shared Medicare patients with at least two other physicians in 2015. Modified Poisson's regressions are used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) for social network position (i.e., degree, betweenness, and transitivity) and number of peers with payments as a function of individual receipt of opioid-related promotional payment and among those with payments, those who have five or more payments, and those who have $100 or more in payments. Physicians with opioid-related payments were significantly more likely to have at least one peer with an opioid-related payment (IRR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.3-2.8), but had fewer shared patients (i.e., top quartile compared to the first quartile for degree centrality: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.4) and belonged to less cohesive networks (i.e., top quartile compared to the first quartile for betweenness centrality: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8-0.9). Our study demonstrates that physicians receiving opioid-related payments are more likely to cluster within physician networks.

The protein common assembly database (ProtCAD)-a comprehensive structural resource of protein complexes.

Proteins often act through oligomeric interactions with other proteins. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy provide detailed information on the structures of biological assemblies, defined as the most likely biologically relevant structures derived from experimental data. In crystal structures, the most relevant assembly may be ambiguously determined, since multiple assemblies observed in the crystal lattice may be plausible. It is estimated that 10-15% of PDB entries may have incorrect or ambiguous assembly annotations. Accurate assemblies are required for understanding functional data and training of deep learning methods for predicting assembly structures. As with any other kind of biological data, replication via multiple independent experiments provides important validation for the determination of biological assembly structures. Here we present the Protein Common Assembly Database (ProtCAD), which presents clusters of protein assembly structures observed in independent structure determinations of homologous proteins in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). ProtCAD is searchable by PDB entry, UniProt identifiers, or Pfam domain designations and provides downloads of coordinate files, PyMol scripts, and publicly available assembly annotations for each cluster of assemblies. About 60% of PDB entries contain assemblies in clusters of at least 2 independent experiments. All clusters and coordinates are available on ProtCAD web site (http://dunbrack2.fccc.edu/protcad).

ProDFace: A web-tool for the dissection of protein-DNA interfaces.

Protein-DNA interactions play a crucial role in gene expression and regulation. Identifying the DNA binding surface of proteins has long been a challenge–in comparison to protein-protein interactions, limited progress has been made in the development of efficient DNA binding site prediction and protein-DNA docking methods. Here we present ProDFace, a web tool that characterizes the binding region of a protein-DNA complex based on amino acid propensity, hydrogen bond (HB) donor capacity (number of solvent accessible HB donor groups), sequence conservation at the interface core and rim region, and geometry. The program takes as input the structure of a protein-DNA complex in PDB (Protein Data Bank) format, and outputs various physicochemical and geometric parameters of the interface, as well as conservation of the interface residues in the protein component. Values are provided for the whole interface, and after dissecting it into core and rim regions. Details of water mediated HBs between protein and DNA, potential HB donor groups present at the binding surface of protein, and conserved interface residues are also provided as downloadable text files. These parameters can be useful in evaluating and validating protein-DNA docking solutions, structures derived from simulation as well as solutions from the available prediction tools, and facilitate the development of more efficient prediction methods. The web-tool is freely available at structbioinfo.iitj.ac.in/resources/bioinfo/pd_interface .

Practice patterns of dermatologists who have opted out of Medicare

Practice patterns of dermatologists who have opted out of Medicare

Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving and Sustainable Data Query Service Over 5G-VANETs

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) play an important role in future smart city design to improve traffic safety and traffic congestion by sharing data collected by vehicles. For sharing the traffic data with other vehicles, the vehicular sensory data are usually uploaded to the cloud server. However, existing data sharing systems for VANETs cannot provide selective data with sufficient privacy protection. Moreover, some schemes also cannot ensure stable data accessibility and the integrity of retrieved data. On the other hand, with the improvements such as lower latency, higher capacity, and increased bandwidth, 5G technology brings more possibilities to future applications. The join of the software-defined networks (SDNs) also offers efficient and effective network management. This paper proposes a primitive vehicular communication system named blockchain-based privacy-preserving and sustainable data query service. The proposed scheme is designed to realize stable data accessibility by leveraging smart contracts and blockchain oracle. With the help of 5G technology and P2P file-sharing system, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), the proposed scheme aims to support video downloading files with searchable capability and fairness. An incentive token mechanism is also equipped. The merit of auditability is ensured by Ethereum blockchain platform to support the accountability. Besides, we also evaluate its networking performance via SUMO and NS-3 simulators. Our simulation results show that the request-response delay of BPSDQS is less than existing blockchain-based proxy re-encryption (PRE) scheme. Our simulation results also showed that the average request-response delay in our scheme can saving up to 98%.

Do Americans Lacking a Local Orthopaedic Surgeon Have Adequate Broadband for Telehealth?

Although telehealth holds promise in expanding access to orthopaedic surgical care, high-speed internet connectivity remains a major limiting factor for many communities. Despite persistent federal efforts to study and address the health information technology needs of patients, there is limited information regarding the current high-speed internet landscape as it relates to access to orthopaedic surgical care. (1) What is the distribution of practicing orthopaedic surgeons in the United States relative to the presence of broadband internet access? (2) What geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors are associated with the absence of high-speed internet and access to a local orthopaedic surgeon? The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Mapping Broadband in America interactive tool was used to determine the proportion of county residents with access to broadband-speed internet for all 3141 US counties. Data regarding the geographic distribution of orthopaedic surgeons and county-level characteristics were obtained from the 2015 Physician Compare National Downloadable File and the Area Health Resource File, respectively. The FCC mapping broadband public use files are considered the most comprehensive datasets describing high-speed internet infrastructure within the United States. The year 2015 represents the most recently available FCC data for which county-level broadband penetration estimates are available. Third-party audits of the FCC data have shown that broadband expansion has been slow over the past decade and that many large improvements have been driven by changes in the reporting methodology. Therefore, we believe the 2015 FCC data still hold relevance. The primary outcome measure was the simultaneous absence of at least 50% broadband penetration and at least one orthopaedic surgeon practicing in county limits. Statistical analyses using Kruskal-Wallis tests and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to assess for factors associated with inaccessibility to orthopaedic telehealth. All statistical tests were two-sided with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. In 2015, 14% (448 of 3141) of counties were considered "low access" in that they both had no orthopaedic surgeons and possessed less than 50% broadband access. A total of 4,660,559 people lived within these low-access counties, representing approximately 1.4% (4.6 million of 320.7 million) of the US population. After controlling for potential confounding variables, such as the age, sex, income level, and educational attainment, lower population density per square mile (OR 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90 to 0.94]; p < 0.01), a lower number of primary care physicians per 100,000 (OR 0.88 [95% CI 0.81 to 0.97]; p < 0.01), a higher unemployment level (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.2 to 1.4]; p < 0.01), and greater number preventable hospital stays per 100,000 (OR 1.01 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.02]; p < 0.01) were associated with increased odds of being a low-access county (though the effect size of the finding was small for population density and number of primary care physicians). Stated another way, each additional person per square mile was associated with an 8% (95% CI 6% to 10%; p < 0.01) decrease in the odds of being a low-access county, and each additional percentage point of unemployment was associated with a 30% (95% CI 20% to 40%) increase in the odds of being a low-access county. Despite the potential for telehealth programs to improve the delivery of high-quality orthopaedic surgical care, broadband internet access remains a major barrier to implementation. Until targeted investments are made to expand broadband infrastructure across the country, health systems, policymakers, and surgeon leaders must capitalize on existing federal subsidy programs, such as the lifeline or affordability connectivity initiatives, to reach unemployed patients living in economically depressed regions. The incorporation of internet access questions into clinic-based social determinants screening may facilitate the development of alternative follow-up protocols for patients unable to participate in synchronous videoconferencing. Some orthopaedic patients lack the broadband capacity necessary for telehealth visits, in which case surgeons may pursue alternative methods of follow-up such as mobile phone-based surveillance of postoperative wounds, surgical sites, and clinical symptoms.

P94. Years of experience and primary specialty are correlated with total cost of ACDF surgeries for Medicare beneficiaries

<h3>BACKGROUND CONTEXT</h3> The high costs of spine surgery are multifactorial. Many studies suggest hospital, geographic, surgeon and patient-specific factors impact the cost of spine surgical care, but results vary significantly between studies using different datasets. <h3>PURPOSE</h3> Our goal was to identify the factors correlated with total costs for Medicare beneficiaries undergoing one of the most common spine surgical procedures, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). <h3>STUDY DESIGN/SETTING</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>PATIENT SAMPLE</h3> We identified all patients undergoing ACDF (CPT code 22551) from the 20% sample Medicare carrier files from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2015 (n = 15,456). Subjects were stratified by number of levels operated on. <h3>OUTCOME MEASURES</h3> Variables collected including hospital location, number of beds and wage index; patient age, sex, race and length of stay; physician industry payments, years since medical school and primary specialty. Outcomes were predictors of total cost and operating room cost of ACDF, and patient length of stay. <h3>METHODS</h3> Medicare carrier and MedPAR files were used to find the total charge, operating room charge and length of stay of each ACDF procedure. Charges were converted to costs using the hospital-specific cost-to-charge ratios from the IPPS Impact Files for each year. The Open Payments database and NPI National Downloadable File were used to identify the operating surgeon for each ACDF procedure. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify patient-specific, hospital-specific and physician-specific factors associated with changes in cost of ACDF or patient length of stay. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Matching across all relevant files resulted in 5,202 1-level ACDF Medicare claims. The mean total cost for a 1-level ACDF from 2013-2015 was $13,592 (+/- $5,324). Multiple linear regression found that, after controlling for patient and hospital factors, the total cost of a 1-level ACDF was $677 higher when performed by an orthopedic surgeon than a neurosurgeon (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression also found a significant negative association between years since the surgeon graduated medical school and total hospital cost of 1-level ACDF (p < 0.001). A significant positive association was found between hospital wage index and total cost of 1-level ACDF (p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between total ACDF cost and patient age, race or sex. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Our multivariate analysis of hospital, surgeon, and patient-specific factors identifies that surgeon's primary specialty, surgeon's years of experience, and hospital wage index are significant factors impacting the total cost of ACDF surgery for Medicare beneficiaries. <h3>FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS</h3> This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

The effectiveness and safety of mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) COVID-19 vaccines among individuals with chronic kidney diseases

The effectiveness and safety of mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) COVID-19 vaccines among individuals with chronic kidney diseases

Analysis of a Honeypot Intrusion Detection System for Medical and Healthcare Services

Cyber-attacks have been increasingly becoming alarming in recent years specifically for medical and healthcare systems. One of the cyber-attackers aims is to break into the medical or healthcare networks and gain access to the patient’s medical records. This paper deals with the honeypot-based intrusion detection system to provide information security for medical and healthcare systems. The proposed system utilizes the Dionaea and Kippo SSH (Kippo Secure Shell) honeypots to secure the medical and healthcare network infrastructure and analyze the activities of cyber-attackers. A possible Metasploit and Brute force attacks logged by the Dionaea and Kippo SSH will be analyzed to prepare the malware analysis report of the suspicious file download.

EasyGDB: a low-maintenance and highly customizable system to develop genomics portals.

SummaryEasyGDB is an easy-to-implement low-maintenance tool developed to create genomic data management web platforms. It can be used for any species, group of species, or multiple genome or annotation versions. EasyGDB provides a framework to develop a web portal that includes the general information about species, projects and members, and bioinformatics tools such as file downloads, BLAST, genome browser, annotation search, gene expression visualization, annotation and sequence download, and gene ids and orthologs lookup. The code of EasyGDB facilitates data maintenance and update for non-experienced bioinformaticians, using BLAST databases to store and retrieve sequence data in gene annotation pages and bioinformatics tools, and JSON files to customize metadata. EasyGDB is a highly customizable tool. Any section and tool can be enabled or disabled like a switch through a single configuration file. This tool aims to simplify the development of genomics portals in non-model species, providing a modern web style with embedded interactive bioinformatics tools to cover all the common needs derived from genomics projects.Availability and implementation The code and manual to use EasyGDB can be found at https://github.com/noefp/easy_gdb.

Latency Optimal Storage and Scheduling of Replicated Fragments for Memory Constrained Servers

We consider the setting of a distributed storage system where a single file is subdivided into smaller fragments of same size which are then replicated with a common replication factor across servers of identical cache size. An incoming file download request is sent to all the servers, and the download is completed whenever the request gathers all the fragments. At each server, we are interested in determining the set of fragments to be stored, and the sequence in which fragments should be accessed, such that the mean file download time for a request is minimized. We model the fragment download time as an exponential random variable independent and identically distributed for all fragments across all servers, and show that the mean file download time can be lower bounded in terms of the expected number of useful servers summed over all distinct fragment downloads. We present deterministic storage schemes that attempt to maximize the number of useful servers. We show that finding the optimal sequence of accessing the fragments is a Markov decision problem, whose complexity grows exponentially with the number of fragments. We propose heuristic algorithms that determine the sequence of access to the fragments which are empirically shown to perform well.

Building Participatory Knowledge Infrastructure Against the GMO Agribusiness Regime: The Case of Los Campamentos Sanitarios

From 2010 to 2019, Argentinian medical students and faculty at the Universidad Nacional de Rosario worked with allies from grassroots movements to routinize new epidemiological data collection practices designed to call medical students’ attention to the public health consequences of industrial agriculture’s indiscriminate use of pesticides. This paper charts the rise and fall of their collective efforts to institutionalize participatory knowledge and pedagogy that directly challenged the political legitimacy of industrial agriculture. We anchor our study in a trio of concepts—sociotechnical regime, niche, and network—using these tools to describe the dynamic interplay among dominant and subordinate knowledge systems. Our analysis reveals that radical participatory projects cannot be understood without reference to the historical and institutional contexts that structure opportunities and constraints within which participatory knowledge research is developed, implemented, and sustained. Publisher’s Note: A Spanish language version of the article has been added after publication on 25 October 2023 and can be found in the Translations section below, or alternatively downloaded as one of the downloadable files for this article.