File Content Research Articles

Tinjauan Pelepasan Informasi Rekam Medis Berdasarkan Aspek Hukum Keamanan dan Kerahasiaan Rekam Medis untuk Pendidikan di RSUD Sleman

Regional general hospital of sleman (RSUD) is a hospital located in Sleman Regency with type B education. As a teaching education, Sleman District Hospital often borrows medical records for research (Education) related to the release of medical record information with third parties necessary. Because the character of medical record documents and their contents are confidential, the hospital must guarantee the confidentiality of the contents of the medical record file and legal protection for patients and hospitals. This research was aimed to find out how the release of medical record information based on legal aspects of the security and confidentiality of medical records for education in Sleman Hospital. This type of research is qualitative by collecting data using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of research at the Sleman Hospital in the application of releasing medical record information for educational purposes in the Sleman Hospital are still not by existing regulations related to the unavailability of expedition books or medical record file borrowing books where the book is very important in knowing the existence of medical record files that come out. And a special place for researchers when researching medical record files is not yet available due to limited space in the medical record unit of Sleman District Hospital.

Enforcing situation-aware access control to build malware-resilient file systems

Traditional non-semantic file systems are not sufficient in protecting file systems against attacks, either caused by ransomware attacks or software-related defects. Furthermore, outbreaks of new malware often cannot provide a large quantity of training samples for machine-learning-based approaches to counter malware campaigns. The malware defense system should aim to achieve the best balance between early detection and detection accuracy. In this paper, we present a situation-aware access control framework to work with existing file systems as a stackable add-on. Our framework enables the access control decision making to be deferred when required, to observe the consequence of such an access request to the file system and to roll back changes if required. As an application against ransomware attacks, it can be applied to preserve file content integrity, by enforcing that all binary files written to the file system have consistent internal file structures with the declared file types, and rolling back changes that violate such constraints. We envision our access control framework to complement existing operating system access control frameworks, to significantly reduce the dimension of data required for machine learning, and to build extra resilience into the operating systems against damages caused by either malware or software defects. We demonstrate the practicality of our framework through a prototype testing, capturing relevant ransomware situations. The experimental results along with a large ransomware dataset show that our framework can be effectively applied in practice.

Legislative disconnect or institutional gatekeeping? Challenges of researching South Africa's military past

The Department of Defence Archive in Pretoria is the repository of all military documents generated by the Union Defence Force, the South African Defence Force and the South African National Defence Force. This makes it the foremost source of primary information for researchers of South African military history. However, an almost total ban on access to archival documents from 1 January 1970 onwards complicates research into later periods. In fact, anyone researching post-1970 military-related topics has to apply for access to archival documents through the Promotion of Access to Information Act. The traditional weapon in the armoury of the historian – the systematic trawling of archives – is thereby negated, while the methodology of post-1970 historical research differs significantly from commonly accepted historical practices. Finding aids, the only access route to classified information in this analogue archive, offer only the briefest descriptions of the content of files, and researchers need almost esoteric intuition to identify documents that are even remotely relevant to their research. Additionally, a fee is payable for declassification, and the process can take several months to complete. This review article reports on the theoretical workings of the Promotion of Access to Information Act, and uses an actual research example as a case study to illustrate the practical implications of conducting research at the Department of Defence Archive in South Africa based on classified military documentation.

Signature File Analysis Using The National Institute Standard Technology Method Base on Digital Forensic Concepts

The number of crimes committed by utilizing advances in information technology such as information leakage, embezzlement of money in banks, credit card fraud, pornography, terrorism, drug trafficking and many more are definitely related to the name digital data. File signatures or magic numbers are one of the forensic science techniques that assist in processing this digital data. The method used in this research is the National Institute Standards Technology method to analyze the authenticity of digital data and the method of proof to obtain valid evidence during the identification process of data or file content. This research is presented in the form of an analysis of the use of signature files in investigations to determine the type of file in the case of leaking company information xyz, the research stage uses evidence handling procedures in the laboratory. Contributions made after conducting a series of case investigations using signature files have been successfully carried out using the Access Data FTK Imager application version 4.2.0 and WinHex version 18.6. Signature files can be used for case investigations in identifying and verifying file types so that files that have been modified can be restored and can be read by the operating system by checking file types through hexadecimal values in the header file (file prefix) that show the characteristics of each type file so that the file type can be found and the file can be read by the operating system.

NWB Query Engines: Tools to Search Data Stored in Neurodata Without Borders Format.

The Neurodata Without Borders (abbreviation NWB) format is a current technology for storing neurophysiology data along with the associated metadata. Data stored in the format is organized into separate HDF5 files, each file usually storing the data associated with a single recording session. While the NWB format provides a structured method for storing data, so far there have not been tools which enable searching a collection of NWB files in order to find data of interest for a particular purpose. We describe here three tools to enable searching NWB files. The tools have different features making each of them most useful for a particular task. The first tool, called the NWB Query Engine, is written in Java. It allows searching the complete content of NWB files. It was designed for the first version of NWB (NWB 1) and supports most (but not all) features of the most recent version (NWB 2). For some searches, it is the fastest tool. The second tool, called “search_nwb” is written in Python and also allow searching the complete contents of NWB files. It works with both NWB 1 and NWB 2, as does the third tool. The third tool, called “nwbindexer” enables searching a collection of NWB files using a two-step process. In the first step, a utility is run which creates an SQLite database containing the metadata in a collection of NWB files. This database is then searched in the second step, using another utility. Once the index is built, this two-step processes allows faster searches than are done by the other tools, but does not enable as complete of searches. All three tools use a simple query language which was developed for this project. Software integrating the three tools into a web-interface is provided which enables searching NWB files by submitting a web form.

Towards Finite File Packetizations in Wireless Device-to-Device Caching Networks

We consider wireless device-to-device (D2D) caching networks with single-hop transmissions. Previous work has demonstrated that caching and coded multicasting can significantly increase per user throughput. However, the state-of-the-art coded caching schemes for D2D networks are generally impractical because content files are partitioned into an exponential number of packets with respect to the number of users if both library and memory sizes are fixed. In this paper, we present two combinatorial approaches of D2D coded caching network design with reduced packetizations and desired throughput gain compared to the conventional uncoded unicasting. The first approach uses a “hypercube” design, where each user caches a “hyperplane” in this hypercube and the intersections of “hyperplanes” represent coded multicasting codewords. In addition, we extend the hypercube approach to a decentralized design. The second approach uses the Ruzsa-Szemeredi graph to define the cache placement. Disjoint matchings on this graph represent coded multicasting codewords. Both approaches yield an exponential reduction of packetizations while providing a per-user throughput that is comparable to the state-of-the-art designs in the literature. Furthermore, we apply spatial reuse to the new D2D network designs to further reduce the required packetizations and significantly improve per user throughput for some parameter regimes.

GNSS-METEOROLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

The article considers the possibilities and prospects for the development of GNSS meteorology based on domestic and foreign research. It is noted that the tropospheric delay of the GNSS signal is a valuable source of information about the state of the troposphere. The algorithm for estimating tropospheric delay and the services that perform this assessment (international GNSS service IGS and online service GAPS) are described. The content of the IGS output file with tropospheric delays at the IGS point is considered. The necessary conditions for the implementation of GNSS meteorology are listed, as well as structural diagrams of existing GNSS meteorology systems in the United States and Japan. It is shown that research in this area is being carried out in Russia. It is concluded that the network of permanent base stations in the Novosibirsk Region has the potential for the development of GNSS meteorology in the covered area.

Early detection of crypto-ransomware using pre-encryption detection algorithm

Crypto ransomware is a type of malware that locks its victim’s file for ransom using an encryption algorithm. Its popularity has risen at an alarming rate among the cyber security community due to several successful worldwide attacks. The encryption employed had caused irreversible damage to the victim’s digital files, even when the victim chooses to pay the ransom. Therefore, this research proposes the Pre-Encryption Detection Algorithm (PEDA) that can detect crypto-ransomware at the pre-encryption stage, when no encryption has been done. PEDA provides two levels of detection; the first level of detection was before the ransomware can be activated using a signature comparison with a known crypto-ransomware’s signature. The signature was generated using SHA-256 (Secure Hashing Algorithm) that allowed fast and accurate comparison of the file content. The second level of detection used Learning Algorithm (LA) that can detect crypto-ransomware based on pre-encryption application program interface (API). The LA produced a 100% recall rate based on 80:20 ratios of training and testing, and 99.9% recall rate with a 10-fold cross-verification test. In addition, this research had also successfully identified fourteen important APIs that can differentiate between ransomware and goodware. Three APIs were present in most ransomware, but less in goodware; these APIs were NtProtectVirtualMemory, NtResumeThread, and NtTerminateProcess. Eleven APIs, on the other hand, were mostly present in goodware, but less in ransomware; these APIs were NtWriteVirtualMemory, UuidCreate, NtDelayExecution, NtSetInformationFile, NtWriteFile, CreateThread, NtReadVirtualMemory, VirtualFreeEx, CreateDirectoryW, VirtualProtectEx, and SetFilePointer.

KEAMANAN CITRA DIGITAL DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN PROSES PENERAPAN ALGORITMA DATA ENCRYPTION STANDART (DES) PADA EKTRAKSI PIXEL

In today's digital technology, almost all activities can be documented in the form of digital images. The problem that arises is that images that are confidential can be stolen and accessed by people who are not entitled. To overcome this security problem, image files can be encrypted using cryptographic algorithms. One cryptographic algorithm that can be used is the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. This algorithm is a block cipher with a size of 64 bits or 8 bytes. Therefore, DES is used to encrypt image files per 8 bytes. Each encryption process will pass 16 cycles and produce cipher bytes. The result of encryption is an image file with an unrecognized format and cannot be opened because the contents of the byte file have been randomized. To return the scrambled file back to the original image file, perform the decryption process using the same key as the encryption key. The application can be used to encrypt and decrypt images using the DES algorithm. The application can also display the steps of the encryption and decryption process towards the contents of the byte in the file.

Comparison of Entropy and Dictionary Based Text Compression in English, German, French, Italian, Czech, Hungarian, Finnish, and Croatian

The rapid growth in the amount of data in the digital world leads to the need for data compression, and so forth, reducing the number of bits needed to represent a text file, an image, audio, or video content. Compressing data saves storage capacity and speeds up data transmission. In this paper, we focus on the text compression and provide a comparison of algorithms (in particular, entropy-based arithmetic and dictionary-based Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) methods) for text compression in different languages (Croatian, Finnish, Hungarian, Czech, Italian, French, German, and English). The main goal is to answer a question: ”How does the language of a text affect the compression ratio?” The results indicated that the compression ratio is affected by the size of the language alphabet, and size or type of the text. For example, The European Green Deal was compressed by 75.79%, 76.17%, 77.33%, 76.84%, 73.25%, 74.63%, 75.14%, and 74.51% using the LZW algorithm, and by 72.54%, 71.47%, 72.87%, 73.43%, 69.62%, 69.94%, 72.42% and 72% using the arithmetic algorithm for the English, German, French, Italian, Czech, Hungarian, Finnish, and Croatian versions, respectively.

Log Analyzer for Update Manager

Performing System updates is a very tricky and complicated task. You have to update new software on the same old hardware. This may introduce many errors in the system. For example a windows update on a single PC is generally prone to failures. Further updating a server is more challenging job. As a server can support many Operating systems their components, firmware’s and software’s etc, there are many possibilities that a server update may initiate many errors in the system. Thus, this paper proposes a tool that can go through all those thousands of log files generated during an update of a server and finds out where exactly the update went wrong. The paper describes about building a tool to perform log analysis from the scratch. It describes about developing parsers at the backend, building a user interface at the frontend and deploying the tool on to network. The proposed work supports building a Docker for the backend. Docker is a platform as a service product that uses OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. The tool takes compressed log file as input. The tool analyses the structure of log file and then parses the contents of the log file according to its structure. Finally the proposed tool generates a report in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as well as CSV (Comma-Separated Values) format and that report consists of all the required fields to identify and classify the error that was responsible for failure during system update. This report is sent to concerned software development team to fix the defect that occurred in the update.

Optimal UAV Caching and Trajectory in Aerial-Assisted Vehicular Networks: A Learning-Based Approach

In this article, we investigate the UAV-aided edge caching to assist terrestrial vehicular networks in delivering high-bandwidth content files. Aiming at maximizing the overall network throughput, we formulate a joint caching and trajectory optimization (JCTO) problem to make decisions on content placement, content delivery, and UAV trajectory simultaneously. As the decisions interact with each other and the UAV energy is limited, the formulated JCTO problem is intractable directly and timely. To this end, we propose a deep supervised learning scheme to enable intelligent edge for real-time decision-making in the highly dynamic vehicular networks. In specific, we first propose a clustering-based two-layered (CBTL) algorithm to solve the JCTO problem offline. With a given content placement strategy, we devise a time-based graph decomposition method to jointly optimize the content delivery and trajectory design, with which we then leverage the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to further optimize the content placement. We then design a deep supervised learning architecture of the convolutional neural network (CNN) to make fast decisions online. The network density and content request distribution with spatio-temporal dimensions are labeled as channeled images and input to the CNN-based model, and the results achieved by the CBTL algorithm are labeled as model outputs. With the CNN-based model, a function which maps the input network information to the output decision can be intelligently learnt to make timely inference and facilitate online decisions. We conduct extensive trace-driven experiments, and our results demonstrate both the efficiency of CBTL in solving the JCTO problem and the superior learning performance with the CNN-based model.

Digital Property Revisited

In Chapter 5 of my book “Collisions in the Digital Paradigm: Law and Rulemaking in the Internet Age” I discussed what I called the property problem and whether a digital file could amount to property. My main argument against such a proposition was based upon technological realities – digital material was paradigmatically different from earlier items or forms that could amount to property. It was a difficult position to sustain, especially in light of the decision of the New Zealand Supreme Court in Dixon v R. I considered that the property problem was a true collision in the digital paradigm – a collision between accepted theory which had incrementally developed over the years and which had developed defining characteristics for items of property, and the technological realities of digital data. Furthermore, the particular collision in the digital paradigm is that, with so much information being digitised – and important information at that – it may well be that current remedies for breach of confidence, copyright infringement and the like do not provide a sufficient remedy nor deterrent particularly when the behaviour is accompanied by clear instances of dishonesty associated with the appropriation of information which can be converted into something of value. The difficulty is, as was observed in the case of Your Response Limited v Data Team Business Media Limited that the law of unintended consequences may come into play. My view at the time was that the confluence of data on the one hand with information on the other placed the law in an invidious position. Data or electromagnetic impulses scattered across a medium could not be property although the “merger theory” utilised by US Courts seemed to provide a possible solution. I concluded Chapter 5 with the following observation, “The issue of virtual property remains an open question and much depends upon the nature of the terms and conditions that exist between the provider and the customer. It may be that legislation will address this problem in the future, recognising that in a paradigm of continuing disruptive change, changes to perceptions of whether what may fall within the category of intangibles may have value needs to be recognised along with a further recognition that existing remedies under “traditional” fields of law such as intellectual property and breach of confidence may be too limited to accord sufficient protection. The concept of no property in pure information could remain. Information that is not associated with a medium could remain as intangible. But the digital file associated with a medium would have a level of tangibility sufficient to attract the protection of the civil and criminal law.” The cases discussed in this paper seem to provide the pathway that I tentatively identified. Hence the title “Digital Property Revisited”. In the paper I discuss two cases – one, a case about whether or not there can be property in the contents of files on a computer and hard drive including emails. The second case involves a consideration of cryptocurrencies and whether these can be property within the context of a company insolvency. The two cases are interrelated in that they deal with different aspects of digital material and which is presented in a different way. An analytical pathway to determine whether these and other types of digital data may be property is proposed.

File integrity monitoring tools: Issues, challenges, and solutions

SummaryEnsuring integrity of sensitive files in file systems is imperative to computer systems. The vast majority of attacks work through unapproved or unauthorized access to sensitive files to take secret data like secret keys, passwords, credit card numbers, and so on. After that, attackers generally conceal their traces by subverting critical files like system logs. File system integrity monitoring is a well‐known way to deal with ensuring integrity of sensitive and critical files. The file system is at the heart of any computing system as it stores the data and executable programs. Malicious users or malwares might change the content of a sensitive data file or insert malicious payload in an executable. Hence, monitoring the integrity of the files in the file system is of utmost importance. Significant research work has been done on file integrity monitoring tools. This article presents the currently available tools for file integrity monitoring and their underlying approaches.

Log Event Management Server Menggunakan Elastic Search Logstash Kibana (ELK Stack)

This study aims to build an Event Management Server Log using ELK Stack (Elastic searchLogstash Kibana) which can make it easier to read and analyze log services on the server. TheEvent Management Server log in this study uses CentOS 7 as the Central Server and CentOS7 as a client-server with ssh services installed. This research consists of five stages. The stagesare analysis, network design, server configuration, client configuration, and testing. Theexperimental results show that all ssh log services that occur on the client-server sent inrealtime to the central server. Even though the contents of the log file on the client-server hasdeleted. In This study, in addition to sending logs, it can also display a percentage of successreferences.

Revocable Attribute-Based Data Storage in Mobile Clouds

It is becoming fashionable for people to access data outsourced to clouds with mobile devices. To protect data security and privacy, attribute-based encryption (ABE) has been widely used in cloud storage systems. However, one of the main efficiency drawbacks of ABE is the high computation overheads at mobile devices during user revocation and file access. To address this issue, we propose a revocable attribute-based data storage (RADS) scheme equipped with several attracting features. First, our RADS scheme achieves a fine-grained access control mechanism, by which file owners do not need to explicitly specify authorized visitors to their outsourced files. Second, our RADS scheme allows mobile users to authorize the cloud service provider (CSP) to share costly computations in file access, without exposing the file content. Third, our RADS scheme offloads the operations of access-credential update and file re-encryption during revocation process to CSP, leaving all non-revoked users undisturbed. The revocation of RADS achieves a strong data protection, i.e., revoked users can access neither newly uploaded files nor old ones. The security and efficiency of the RADS scheme are validated via both analysis and experimental results.

IFC File Content Compression Based on Reference Relationships

AbstractAs an open and commonly employed file format in building information modeling (BIM), industry foundation classes (IFC) have been supported by most BIM software platforms. However, IFC files...

Chapter 1 Introduction to New Caledonia: geology, geodynamic evolution and mineral resources

Supplementary material: List and content of the GIS files (ESRI format) corresponding to the geological map (Fig. 1.2) and the database structure of Figure 1.3 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4984385 New Caledonia is a French overseas territory in the SW Pacific, located in the southern tropical zone between 19 and 24° S. The country consists of several islands that are the emergent parts of two parallel submarine ridges: the Norfolk Ridge to the SW and the Loyalty Ridge to the NE (Fig. 1.1). The total area of the country is 18 350 km2. Grande Terre, the largest and main island, is mountainous, c. 400 km long and c. 50 km wide. The highest points are Mont Panie (1628 m) in the north and Mont Humboldt (1618 m) in the south. Grande Terre is surrounded by a 1500 km long barrier reef complex, the second longest in the world, with parts listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. By contrast, the Loyalty Islands have a low elevation (127 m maximum height on Mare). As well as Grand Terre and the Loyalty Islands, the New Caledonia archipelago includes the isolated and uninhabited Matthew and Hunter islands to the east and the sandy Chesterfield islets to the west. The New Caledonia Exclusive Economic Zone covers an area of 1 360 000 km2. Fig. 1.1. ( a ) New Caledonia in the SW Pacific. ( b ) New Caledonia archipelago. ( c ) Map of New Caledonia with 1:50 000 scale geological map series (grey rectangle) and index numbers. 1, Iles Belep; 2, Poum–Yande; 3, Paagoumene; 4, Pam-Ouegoa; 5, Pouebo; 6, Koumac, 7, Paimboas; 8, Hienghene; 9, Ouaco-Voh; 10, Goyeta-Pana; 11, 12, Touho-Poindimie; 13, Pouembout; 14, Paeoua; 15, Ponerihouen; 16, Baie Lebris; 17, Poya-Plaine des Gayacs; 18, Me Maoya; 19, Houailou; 20, Kouaoua; 21, Bourail; 22, Moindou; 23, Canala-La …

Steganography via E-Books With the EPUB Format by Rearrangements of the Contents of the CSS Files

With the advance of information technology and mobile devices, e-book reading has become a popular way for people to gain knowledge. However, with the widespread uses of digital texts, issues about the copyright protection of e-books have arisen. The electronic publication (EPUB) format is currently one of the most widely used e-book formats. A novel data hiding method for steganographic applications is proposed in this study to hide secret messages into the e-book with the EPUB format. Specifically, the message bits are embedded into the cascading style sheets (CSS) file of the e-book using the lexicographical orders of the selectors and their declarations in the CSS rules. By making use of the fact that the selectors in a CSS file need not all be referred to, fake rules are created artificially, when necessary, to increase the data embedding capacity of the CSS file. The appearance of the e-book does not change after message embedding. Good experimental results and comparisons with other related methods show the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.

An Improved Diffie-Hellman Protocol Security Using Video Entropy

The Diffie-Hellman is a key exchange protocol to provide a way to transfer shared secret keys between two parties, although those parties might never have communicated together. This paper suggested a new way to transfer keys through public or non-secure channels depending on the sent video files over the channel and then extract keys. The proposed method of key generation depends on the video file content by using the entropy value of the video frames. The proposed system solves the weaknesses in the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm, which is MIMA (Man-in-the-Middle attack) and DLA( Discrete logarithm attack). When the method used high definition videos with a vast amount of data, the keys generated with a large number up to 500 per frame, and each number value reaches more than 1000 to be used or switched when needed. The method also provides some difficulty in guessing the keys from the transmitted video and the reason for the development and emergence of many communication programs Viber, WhatsApp, and other programs, enabling to use the proposed method in these programs.