Figurative Representation Research Articles

On the Antichambre carrée and the Sed-festival: Re-examining the issue

The present paper deals with the interpretation of the antichambre carrée, the room that constitutes a typical component of the ‘standard’ pyramid temples of the Old Kingdom (from Sahura onwards) and Middle Kingdom. The paper’s main scope is to question the broadly accepted theory on the meaning of the room’s decoration, namely that it evokes the sed-festival, an act of regeneration of the king’s reign. For this purpose, the thorough examination of the antichambre carrée’s decorative layout – assessing all known examples, with the focus not only on figural representations but also on the text – is combined with data obtained from related sources, including the Djoser shrine court within his step-pyramid complex, the Palermo Stone, the depictions of the sedfestival in Niuserra’s sun temple at Abu Ghurab and, finally, the ‘birth cycle’ of Hatshepsut’s temple at Deir el-Bahari. The major conclusion emerging from this comparison is that while the main message of the antichambre carrée is indeed the manifestation of the king’s rule over two parts of the country, the ritual acts on display could have taken place in royal ceremonies other than the sed-festival, the prime candidate being the ‘Appearance of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt’, an event that seems to have commemorated the act of coronation.

ЭВРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ МЕТАКОНЦЕПТА «ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫЙ МИР» В МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The topical problem of modern musicology is the comprehension of scientific representativeness of the generally accepted terms and concepts in the context of post-non-classical scientific picture of the world and cognitive science. As a navigator of conceptual understanding of a musical work, the article considers the content of the art history metaconcept "art world". The trigger mechanism for its creation in the lexical system of musicological language is the procedure of understanding the autonomous, integral, intonation and sound concept of the composition. The study of the semantics of the "art world" metaconcept reveals its constants and invariants. Philosophical, socio-cultural genesis represents the variable periphery and the "core" — the key name of the concept that generates multiple notions within the scientific discipline and in the vast scientific field of transdisciplinary interactions. The analysis of nominative linguistic units presents etymological, historical and actual semantic layers. The hierarchical structure of the "art world" metaconcept as a theoretical object and a mechanism for the formation of figurative and artistic representations is a dynamic system of interaction between various semiotic, static and procedural elements, which determines the semantic multiplicity of interpretations. Being a complex, mental structure of musician's language and consciousness and actively participating in cross-cultural communication, the "art world" metaconcept is able to mark the branch cultural and historical method of scientific cognition.

Gliniane przedmioty zoomorficzne ze stanowiska w Korczowej 22, pow. jarosławski

In 2010, in connection with the planned construction of the A4 motorway, the Radymno-Korczowa junction, rescue excavations were undertaken, which provided the discovery of two clay zoomorphic objects, which are the subject of the article. These are: a fragment of a small, solid, longitudinal and cylindrical zoomorphic pendant and a miniature, fragmentarily preserved zoomorphic figurine. Figural art is rare in the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. In the archaeological literature, this category of artefacts is dated from IV period of the Bronze Age to the Hallstatt period. The article shows that the most analogies can be found to the east of the area occupied by the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. A common feature of all figural representations is the schematicism and simplicity of their performance as well as the dominance of images of farm animals. Figural art discovered in archaeological sites is identified with all forms of art. Such items are interpreted as objects of cult significance, children’s toys or manifestations of the magic sphere. The popularity of these representations and the influence of the „Eastern” cultures, especially the foreststepped zone of the Scythian cultural circle, on the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture suggest that both the pendant and the figurine uncovered at the site 22 in Korczowa should be associated with this cultural provenance.

Фразеологізована морфемна структура образних дериватів та умови встановлення мотиваційних відношень

The influence of motivational relations on the phraseologisation of the morpheme structure of a derived word is analyzed the article. The main factors that help to find the hidden semantic components of figurative derivatives that have not received formal expression are outlined. Figuratively motivated derivative units, the morpheme structure of which cannot reflect the entire amount of information related to this element of reality are the object of the study. The phraseologization of the morpheme structure of figurative derivatives is caused by several factors: 1) the absence of the indication to the nomination object in the morpheme structure of the word; 2) «blurriness» of features – the basis of figurative and comparative relations; the speaker has to establish this feature independently, based on the typical figurative ideas inherent in the collective consciousness of a particular ethnic community; 3) the invariance of the affixes meanings. The conditions for establishing motivational relationships, namely, the presence of a minimal contextual environment of the derivative, play an important role in determining the hidden semantic components. In addition, the meaning of the word-forming formants should also be taken into account. The verbal context enables to actualize in the semantics of the figurative derivative the motivational feature that served as the basis for the formation of individual lexical and word-forming meaning, which is more or less part of the structure of lexical meaning of the word. In some cases, particularly for derivative words rarely used in modern language (obsolete, socially marked ones, etc.), synonymous relations can be such a kind of «context». In addition to the verbal context, an important element for establishing motivational features is the reliance on the internal context, which helps to understand the content of figurative derivatives by referring to the diverse knowledge of native speakers about the motivator and the stable associative and figurative representations fixed by it.

ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДИКТОРЫ ВОЕННО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ КУРСАНТОВ ПЕРВОГО КУРСА ВОЕННО-МОРСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА

There are no sufficient up-to-date publications on psychophysiological determinants of military-occupational adaptation and interrelations between psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of cognitive and personal spheres in first-year cadets of a naval institute. The aim of our research is to study the correlation between external criteria of military-occupation adaptation, cognitive functions and mental characteristics of cadets of the first-year of a naval institute, on the one hand, and their bioelectrical activity of the brain cortex, characteristics of the cardiovascular system, on the other hand, which can be used as predictors of military-occupational adaptation. The object were first-year cadets of the Naval institute (n = 125). We used physiological methods of investigation of mental properties of a person, motivation, emotional state, cognitive functions and intelligence, methods of electroencephalography and the analysis of heart rate variability, finger photoplethysmography. The relationship between investigated parameters were studied with the help of the correlation and multiple regression analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Strengthening of total spectral power of EEG at the rest state with closed eyes, especially of α-rhythm power, powerful vascular tone and heart rate variability correlated with high level of military-occupational adaptation. Spectral power decrease of δ-2-rhythm in left central lead, vascular tone decrease, worsening of ability to spatial figurative representations, increasing of aggression and neuroticism accompanied by the deterioration level of health of cadets and derangement of adaptable mechanisms. We have defined psychophysiological parameters which are predictors of military-occupational adaptation.

A Difficult Dialogue between Hagiography and Iconography: The Images of the Founders in the Servite Order (13th-16th Centuries)

In 1888, Leo XIII canonised the founders of the Servite Order. For the first time the founder of a religious community was not recognised in a single figure but in a group of confessors. They were canonized six centuries after the Order’s foundation and this process required considerable efforts. The paper deals with the Servite hagiography and the Founders’ iconography, examining intersections and relationships between them from the 14th century up to 1570. The process of transmission of the Founders’ memory was extremely problematic because of the contradictions that marked the group ever since the hermit experience on Mount Senario in the 1240s-1250s. The memory of the origins that has been transmitted to us was written in a completely changed context, when the Order was already formed as mendicant, promoting other blessed friars’ figures, above all Philip of Florence. In this context, the Founders were largely overlooked, as can be seen in few surviving 13th and 14th-centuries hagiographies, such as the Legenda de origine Ordinis or the Legenda beati Philippi, as well as from the absence of figurative representations. From the 17th century, due to the opening of the canonization process, the Founders’ memory underwent a careful review. For this purpose, in the printed Positiones and in the handwritten reports, some medieval-supposed artworks, portraying the Founders, were described. This text explains how the iconographic elaboration in 17th and 18th centuries is the result of a peculiar interpretation of the hagiographic sources of previous centuries, and how this operation was so successful that it led to the canonization of a group of the seven individuals.

The body and the verb

AbstractThis paper explores the figurative expression of emotion in Gija, a non-Pama-Nyungan language from the East Kimberley in Western Australia. As in many Australian languages, Gija displays a large number of metaphors of emotion where miscellaneous body parts – frequently, the belly – contribute to the figurative representation of emotions. In addition, in Gija certain verbal constructions describe the experience of emotion via metaphors of physical impact or damage. This second profile of metaphors is far less widespread, in Australia and elsewhere in the world, and has also attracted far fewer descriptions. This article explores both types of metaphors in turn. Body-based metaphors will be discussed first, and we will highlight the specificity of Gija in this respect, so as to offer data that can be compared to other languages, in Australia and elsewhere. The second part of the article will present verbal metaphors. Given that this phenomenon is not yet very well undersood, this account aims to take a first step into documenting a previously unexplored domain in the language thereby contributing to the broader typology that this issue forms a part of. Throughout the text, we also endeavour to connect the discussion of metaphors with local representations and understanding of emotions.

“The Unknown Land”: the Image of Africa in the Minds of Modern Russians

Over the past few years, the multi-vector nature of Russian politics, declared as an alternative to a unipolar world, has taken on a more specific dimension. In the political discourse, the images of allies and friends “forgotten” in the 90s are actualized. However, these countries and related events are very weakly reflected in the minds of ordinary Russian citizens. To a certain extent, this situation can be explained by the lack of any systematic information about this region in the Russian media. In this regard, a more detailed study of the image of Africa as a whole and individual countries seems relevant both from a theoretical and an applied political point of view. It is so since today; there is a need to provide the task of expanding the space of interaction between Russia and these countries with adequate information policy. In this context, the study aimed to identify and analyze the main factors of formation and the specifics of the figurative and symbolic representation of the image of Africa and individual African countries, their place in world politics as a whole and relations with Russia in the minds of Russian citizens. The theoretical basis of the study was the political and psychological approach to the study of political ideas of citizens, developed at the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University. This approach involves not only rational but also unconscious aspects of the perception process. This approach requires the use of a combination of qualitative political and psychological methods that make it possible to identify images and associations that are not fully understood by the respondent.

Blurred boundaries: Zoomorphic masking rituals and the human-animal relationship in ancient Cyprus

ABSTRACT Worked bucrania and figural representations of masked men dating from the 12th-5th centuries BCE provide striking evidence for ritual performances using animal masks in ancient Cyprus. This study flips the traditional approach to this rich body of material. Rather than focusing on the cult or the socio-political contexts of these performances, I instead explore the production of zoomorphic masks and the impact of masking on the wearer. Drawing on new approaches pioneered in social zooarchaeology and using New Materialities perspectives, this analysis delves deeper into the human-animal relationship in Cyprus and how that was expressed in masking ceremonies. Moving beyond simplistic associations of bull masks with a vaguely defined bull god, this study argues for a more complex and integrated relationship between humans and the natural world that was expressed in Cypriot religion through divine animal attributes, animal sacrifice and feasting, and zoomorphic masking rituals.

Demonstration in geometry: historical and philosophical perspectives

In this article, we weave historical-philosophical reflections about demonstration in mathematics, based on works of researchers that discuss the different philosophical perspectives on the topic, more specifically on geometry. We focus first on demonstration and its relationship with intuition and figural representations. Second, we criticize Poincaré’s conception of mathematical demonstration. Third, we reflect, in a non-exhaustive way, on the philosophy of demonstration in geometry, confronting Kant’s conceptions with the axiomatizations of the non-Euclidean geometries. In this text, we do not adopt a single definition that would cover all modes of scientific validation, since we admit the possibility of an evolution of ideas about the validity of a proposition. Not to fall into the symmetrical flaws of the glorification of the Ancients or even being ungrateful to them, we must start from the naive idea that the demonstration has a historical origin and, therefore, maintains a historical character, but we should be more attentive to what characterizes, in its particularity or even its uniqueness, the productions of past and present centuries. Keywords: Philosophy of demonstration; Axiomatization; Induction; Intuition; Representation.

Effects of figural representations in comprehension of false-belief.

Effects of figural representations in comprehension of false-belief.

ОБРАЗ И ЕМОЦИЯ В КЛАВИРНАТА ПИЕСА „БОЛНАТА КУКЛА“ ОТ „ДЕТСКИ АЛБУМ“ НА П. И. ЧАЙКОВСКИ

The proposed material examines the creative task of students majoring in Social Pedagogy at the University „Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov“ in Burgas, and studying the discipline Art Pedagogy – Part 1 – Music. In the course of the lecture course students get acquainted with the elements of musical expression, as a means of figurative representations and impact of music, with different techniques concerning individual musical activities, with the endless and diverse opportunities that music provides in the use of art pedagogy for social work teachers.Verbal interpretation of music is a necessary component when working with children with special educational needs, at risk and in the norm. Looking at Tchaikovsky’s short and extremely figurative piano piece „The Sick Doll“ from his charming „Children’s Album“, in the form of a short story, tale or essay, students express their personal vision, feeling and transformation of the musical image. The aim of the task is to transcribe the sound image into a verbal one. This requires speed, flexibility and logic in thinking, through imagination and creativity in its manifestation. Children love to listen, especially when they are involved. In search of the right way to solve problems and situations, future social educators could successfully benefit from the conversion of sound into words, according to the needs and deficits of the individual or group.

Bronka Michałowska: A Life in Art

Abstract The article is an introduction to an in-depth critical analysis of the artistic oeuvre of Bronka Michałowska—a Polish painter and author of a substantial collection of ceramic works. Michałowska’s artistic activity has been presented in the manuscript in the context of her immigrant experience which includes the artist’s short stay in London, and later in Canada (Toronto) where she lived for sixty years and where she died in the year 2015. The article examines several main stages in the whole collection of Michałowska’s ceramic works which include the creation of: ceramic paintings with figural and floral representations, symbolic and allegorical works, and ceramic murals that resemble stained glass-work. A separate study has been dedicated to Michałowska’s household ceramic objects such as multipiece fiance sets, vases, bowls, teacups, and mugs, as well as to the possible sources of her artistic (painterly) inspirations; for example, the work of such artists as Henri Matisse, Tom Thomson, and Arthur Lismer.

Emotional Development in People with High Capacities: Induction of Emotions through Pictorial Abstraction

The goal of this work was to help the researcher that studies emotions in people with high capacities (HCs) to understand and intervene in the socio-emotional aspects of this group, considering the features of their profile that present a certain specificity. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) developed by Lang, and based on the dimensional theory of emotions, was applied using abstract works by Kandinsky and Mondrian as emotional stimuli. The study was conducted with university students not classified as HC, to represent the normative group and enable the establishment of comparisons, to verify the existence of social-emotional mismatches in the individuals considered HC. The results indicate that the stimuli used elicit emotional states with valence and medium-high arousal that are free of connotations derived from figurative representation and correspond only to the sensory properties of the stimulus (colour, shape, etc.), which facilitate the study of traits such as emotional intensity and sensitivity.

算数授業における図が媒介した知識構築過程の分析 「立ち戻り」過程に支えられた子どもたち同士の足場がけに注目して

算数授業における図が媒介した知識構築過程の分析 「立ち戻り」過程に支えられた子どもたち同士の足場がけに注目して

Iconografía y práctica artesana. Las puertas de las iglesias de Cuenca (Ecuador)

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio iconográfico y simbólico de las puertas de entrada a las iglesias históricas de Cuenca, en Ecuador. Como verdadera carta de presentación del edificio, tales obras constituyen para los fieles un paso previo de preparación espiritual, a tenor de unas representaciones en madera tallada, figurativas y emblemáticas, que conjugan lo religioso y político, lo erudito y popular, para así determinar un conjunto homogéneo de notable originalidad.

O Uso de Tratamentos em Registros Figurais: representações na forma de Material Manipulável, Software e Expressão Gráfica

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado e analisa os tratamentos figurais realizados pelos participantes, durante a resolução de uma tarefa de Geometria, por meio do uso de Material Manipulável (MM), Software GeoGebra (SG) e Expressão Gráfica (EG) como representações figurais. A teoria utilizada para tal investigação se baseia nos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Raymond Duval. A influência do tipo de representação figural nos tratamentos figurais foi investigada com a participação de quinze professores de Matemática da Educação Básica, de uma cidade ao norte do Estado do Paraná-Brasil. Com base nos dados obtidos, foi possível concluir que os tratamentos figurais realizados pelos participantes, diferem de acordo com o tipo de representação utilizada.

The Severed Head as Public Sculpture in Late Medieval England

Chronicles of fifteenth-century England teem with severed heads. Frequently, these texts focus less on the event of decapitation than on its enduring result: namely, the modified and adorned head of the deceased, spiked and exhibited in a prominent public venue. This article concentrates on textual descriptions of such sights in order to propose that the head was not simply a byproduct of the premodern state’s judicial cruelty or merely evidence of the deceased’s damnation; rather, the displayed head was a visual phenomenon in its own right, one that was often more available for public inspection than the act of execution that preceded it. Severed heads thus assumed the role of public sculpture: they were likened to and in dialogue with figural representations in stone that inhabited the civic landscape, and manipulated by their creators to speak specific statements through their material properties, visual form, and conspicuous display.

Dos cavernas, un jardín y mil estrellas: el pequeño comercio en España, 1929-1979

<p class="Abstracttext">Small commercial establishments have the double condition of interior and exterior place, of public and private space and, therefore, also of culture –associated with the habitability of the interior– and by nature –linked to the unprotected exterior–. The result of this coexistence is the culturalization, through artifice, of nature within the commercial space. In the context of modernity, architectural projects emerge where nature also nourishes the imaginary quality of the business by building a new seductive spatiality through the metaphor of “typical elements from nature.” By means of a tour of modern stores in Spain (1929-1979), these being testing and research laboratories for their authors for larger-scale works, the design and execution of different scenographies for sales and commercial service are studied, from the approach through figurative representation of their elements –including direct use of these– to produce the materialisation of a metaphorical “interior landscape,” to the abstraction of the image of nature generating the environment and the envelope of a “landscape of the imagination.” A succinct journey that will take as its point of departure the cave –the primordial underworld– passing through the garden –the earthly – to end in the sky –the supra world–.</p>

On the genre and performance peculiarities of J. S. Bach’s choral fugue (on the example of comparative analysis of BWV 131 and BWV 131a)

On the genre and performance peculiarities of J. S. Bach’s choral fugue (on the example of comparative analysis of BWV 131 and BWV 131a)