The revolution in sensing technology, combined with pressing needs for improved health care through the application of new methods and tools, is producing exciting developments in vision care. Artificial retinas realized in three-dimensional integrated circuit technology [1] and synthetic neural networks which distribute signals in optimum order [2] have been reported. We have a dual approach to improve vision care where one effort concentrates upon improving the accuracy and thus dexterity of the microsurgeon through teleoperated manipulators, and the other deals with advanced sensors and transducers which provide increased capabilities and reduced trauma. Development of a three-degree-of-freedom teleoperated surgical device with force-torque sensing using available technology is currently underway. This device is capable of coarse manipulation by man or robot and represents the first design step in down-sizing surgical tools through the use of microdynamical systems manipulators. Specifications for this device have been partially reported elsewhere [3]. We have measured additional parameters and developed specifications which will enable micromachinists to begin work on tools including high-speed cutters, forceps and infusion systems. Eye-care surgical tools are usually single-function devices and are still predominantly hand-formed stainless steel with shaft diameters of approximately 900μm. Typical tool tip displacements range from 200–250 μm with forces felt by the microsurgeon at the tool ranging from 6 to 150 g. We are defining requirements for silicon micromachined tools to realize a 15–20 increase in current performance by locating sensors at more optimum locations to measure down-sized parameters including position, speed, fight intensity, temperature and pressure. To realize these next-generation devices, we are focusing several diverse efforts in the fields of micromachined structures and microrobotics. We report here the current status of development efforts in the following areas: (a) parameters measured in our laboratory and used for specifying device resolution, range of linear and angular actuation, ranges of force and torque sensed and device weight for three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) devices; and (b) definition of, and device specifications for, sensors and transducers which represent advances in tooling for microsurgeons with emphasis on eye-care physicians.