FIFA World Cup Event Research Articles

Does hosting FIFA World Cup attract inward FDI? An empirical investigation using sectoral panel data of 12 countries

PurposeThe primary objective is to analyze the direct and short-run impact of hosting the FIFA World Cup on inward FDI, considering both aggregate and sectoral levels. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the moderating role of governance quality on this impact, emphasizing the importance of robust institutional frameworks in attracting FDI.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses panel data spanning 1970–2022, encompassing 12 countries that have hosted FIFA World Cup events. The study employs a linear regression model with a robust weighted least squares (RWLS) estimation method. It incorporates various control variables and the institutional quality as moderating variables, to evaluate the impact of hosting the FIFA World Cup on inward FDI at both aggregate and sectoral levels.FindingsHosting the FIFA World Cup is associated with a significant average increase of $4.33 bn in inward FDI at the aggregate level. Notably, governance quality serves as a critical moderating factor, with well-governed countries experiencing a more substantial increase in FDI, totaling $10.5 bn. At the sectoral level, the results reveal that poorly governed countries attract FDI in primary sectors, while well-governed countries attract FDI in secondary and tertiary sectors. This highlights the nuanced dynamics of FDI attraction depending on the institutional quality of the host countries.Research limitations/implicationsA primary limitation lies in the scarcity of sectoral-level data, constraining the comprehensive study of the relationship between hosting mega-sport events and FDI. Future research could explore alternative data sources and methodologies to overcome this limitation. Additionally, extending the analysis to include other economic indicators beyond FDI could provide a more holistic understanding of the economic implications of hosting major international sporting events.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by focusing exclusively on the FIFA World Cup and undertaking a comprehensive sectoral analysis. By incorporating governance quality as a moderating variable, it adds a nuanced layer to the understanding of the impact of hosting international events on FDI at the sectoral level. The findings underscore the importance of targeted strategies and robust institutional quality in enhancing FDI attractiveness.

Climate-Tourism Information Scheme (CTIS) for sport events from past: analysis of cases of 1980 Summer Olympics (Moscow) and 2018 FIFA World Cup

This article provides a quantitative analysis of local climate-related factors that may influence the organization of large sport events in Moscow, Russia, and its graphic representation in form of CTIS (Climate-Tourism Information Scheme) with decade resolution for 1991-2021. The individual CTIS for two historical sport events with daily resolution were also done, and then compared to meteorological data recorded during two large sport events to assess the agreement between averaged and actual conditions, which was found to be good enough for CTIS to serve as basic evaluation method. The CTIS-difference with sport events in Moscow compared with cases of Doha and Tokyo seem to be more about identifying the time period with biggest thermal comfort frequencies, instead of looking for occurrences of heat stress conditions. According to 1980 Summer Olympics and 2018 FIFA World Cup events it can be noted that time period was planned satisfactorily.

From a Ghanaian to an all-African perspective on the World Cup: history and fans’ support

ABSTRACT This article traces the history of World Cup qualification considering the national teams and fans' reactions across the African continent. A survey of some fans’ views including Ghanaians helps to understand the effects of the FIFA World Cup events in Africa. This contributes to addressing how the WC event is experienced by Africans from political, social, cultural, and economic perspectives. Findings show that the World Cup events promote unity and esprit de corps among Ghanaians, bridge political differences, foster socialization and boost economic activities. Again, Ghanaian fans identified factors such as poor preparations, low commitment of players, and monetary issues affecting their country’s qualification to the Russia 2018, which influenced them to switch their support to a European country with players of African heritage after the early departure of Africa representatives. The article further describes the experiences of some African fans with or without their country’s participation at the event.

ORGANIZATION TO ENSURE SANITARY AND ANTI-EPIDEMIC EVENTS FOR THE XXI WORLD CUP FIFA 2018 ON THE TERRITORY OF THE STAVROPOL KRAI

We summed up the work carried out by the Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Stavropol Krai and the Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in the Stavropol Krai during the preparation and hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup events on the territory of the Stavropol Krai. The main activities were aimed at assessing and minimizing the sanitary and epidemiological risks in organizing accommodation, food, medical care for the arriving football team of Nigeria.

Political Relation among the State and International Sports Organizations: The 2014 FIFA World Cup Event in Brazil

Abstract Throughout the men’s 2014 FIFA World Cup event in Brazil (WC-2014), there was an ongoing reflexive debate that stated the possibility that FIFA, due to orders imposed on the state of Brazil, slandered the country’s national sovereignty. However, FIFA’s sovereignty concerning regulations and international football championships is relativized when contrasted to that of the state. Having the WC- 2014 as a concrete object, the aim was to investigate how relations among sports and politics occurred. A qualitative research study was used through the analysis of documents and literature. It was verified that the WC-2014 event was fitting with the patterns of transnational relationships, in which sovereign entities (the state and FIFA) renounce a portion of their external sovereignty for mutual gain. The misfortune appears when this gain is associated with leaders (political or sports) and not the people, which can cause an internal sovereignty issue. Relating to the WC- 2014, the counter-orders generated during the exception period were not due to FIFA’s interference in the national sovereignty, but to the illegitimacy / immorality of the rulers who accepted the conditions of the transnational institution

ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO SPECTATORS AT THE 2014 FIFA WORLD CUP MATCHES

ABSTRACTObjective:Several studies have already described the main injuries to soccer players during FIFA World Cup events; however, little is known about the main reasons spectators require medical assistance during these matches. The aim of this study is to assess the number of cases and main reasons spectators required medical assistance during the 2014 World Cup matches in Brazil. Methods:Data were collected from spectators who received medical assistance on all game days, and factors related to the assistance provided were analyzed. Results:Medical assistance was given to spectators in a total of 6,222 cases during the 64 games played in Brazil, an average of 97.2 times per game. The total number of spectators removed from the stadiums by ambulance was 167, a mean of 2.6 removals per game. The main reasons spectators required medical assistance during the World Cup games were headache, gastrointestinal problems, and trauma. Conclusions:Most spectators required medical assistance during the World Cup games for headache, gastrointestinal problems, and trauma; this information is fundamental to develop new prevention strategies and plan medical assistance for large-scale events. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

The powerless starchitect: How Zaha Hadid became the first person working on the Al-Wakrah stadium that actually did die

Starchitect Zaha Hadid won the bid to design one of the planned stadiums for the 2022 FIFA World Cup event in Qatar. Her design for the Al-Wakrah stadium became the centrepiece of a discussion on the role that starchitects play in society. That debate reached a boiling point in August 2014, and resulted in a digital lynching party that sheds serious doubts on the ethics and professionalism of architectural critics and journalists alike.

The 2010 FIFA World Cup and South Africa: A study of longer-term effects and moderators of country reputation

Using the 2010 FIFA World Cup event as a stimulus, this study measured the effect of international sporting events on country reputation over the longer (one-year) term. A nationally representative sample of more than 1200 US adults participated in the longitudinal study. Factor analysis of country reputation was conducted and findings are discussed in the context of the extracted factors. In addition, moderating variables including travel behavior, knowledge, information processing and information seeking were examined. Findings revealed that the increases in affection toward South Africa that were achieved directly after the World Cup deteriorated over the one-year time span after the event. Dimensions of leadership increased slightly after the World Cup and maintained that level in the longer term, while aspects of culture remained stable throughout. Analysis of moderating variables suggested that certain groups of Americans were more likely affected by the World Cup than the others. Implications for tourism marketers and country reputation managers are discussed.

Americans’ attitudes toward South Africa: A study of country reputation and the 2010 FIFA World Cup

Using the 2010 FIFA World Cup event as a stimulus, this study investigated the effect of international sporting events on country reputation. Given the extensive media coverage and viewership of the World Cup in the United States, a pre/post quasi-experimental test was conducted to assess the effect of the sporting event on the country reputation of South Africa. A nationally representative sample of more than 800 US adults participated in the study. Sample statistics matched US adult population parameters in terms of age, level of income and geographic distribution. Scales measuring country reputation and ethnocentrism were administered. Factor analyses of country reputation and the ethnocentrism were conducted and findings are discussed in the context of the extracted factors. The study found that on the Affection factor of country reputation, attitudes toward South Africa significantly improved after the World Cup event. Results also showed that levels of ethnocentrism moderated the effect.