Field Of View Research Articles

Quantitative Large-Area Polarized-Light Microscopy

Abstract This article describes the elevation of polarized-light microscopy (PLM) to a technique for quantitative large-area material characterization in the Microscopy Today Innovation Award-winning CrystalViewTM laser PLM. CrystalView is enabled by narrow-band laser illumination, bistatic design, and strict qualification of polarization optics, resulting in accurate polarization imaging over an instant field-of-view (FOV) that exceeds 2 cm2. This FOV is effectively demonstrated by the critical concept of seamless stitching, which confirms low error and is then applied to obtain even larger effective FOVs with industrial utility. Linear combinations of image irradiances, known as polarization features, are related to physical material properties, for instance, crystal orientation, through the combination of Mueller matrix polarimeter design and classical electrodynamics. While CrystalView is applicable to any reflective or transmissive material that exhibits PLM contrast, in this article it is demonstrated for orientation imaging of hexagonal and cubic metal polycrystals, titanium and stainless-steel alloys respectively, the latter printed by laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) and reliant, for texture imaging, on chemical etching that can also reveal phase structure.

Volumetric trans-scale imaging of massive quantity of heterogeneous cell populations in centimeter-wide tissue and embryo.

We established a volumetric trans-scale imaging system with an ultra-large field-of-view (FOV) that enables simultaneous observation of millions of cellular dynamics in centimeter-wide three-dimensional (3D) tissues and embryos. Using a custom-made giant lens system with a magnification of ×2 and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.25, and a CMOS camera with more than 100 megapixels, we built a trans-scale scope AMATERAS-2, and realized fluorescence imaging with a transverse spatial resolution of approximately 1.1 µm across an FOV of approximately 1.5×1.0 cm2. The 3D resolving capability was realized through a combination of optical and computational sectioning techniques tailored for our low-power imaging system. We applied the imaging technique to 1.2 cm-wide section of mouse brain, and successfully observed various regions of the brain with sub-cellular resolution in a single FOV. We also performed time-lapse imaging of a 1-cm-wide vascular network during quail embryo development for over 24 hr, visualizing the movement of over 4.0×105 vascular endothelial cells and quantitatively analyzing their dynamics. Our results demonstrate the potential of this technique in accelerating production of comprehensive reference maps of all cells in organisms and tissues, which contributes to understanding developmental processes, brain functions, and pathogenesis of disease, as well as high-throughput quality check of tissues used for transplantation medicine.

Volumetric trans-scale imaging of massive quantity of heterogeneous cell populations in centimeter-wide tissue and embryo

We established a volumetric trans-scale imaging system with an ultra-large field-of-view (FOV) that enables simultaneous observation of millions of cellular dynamics in centimeter-wide three-dimensional (3D) tissues and embryos. Using a custom-made giant lens system with a magnification of ×2 and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.25, and a CMOS camera with more than 100 megapixels, we built a trans-scale scope AMATERAS-2, and realized fluorescence imaging with a transverse spatial resolution of approximately 1.1 µm across an FOV of approximately 1.5×1.0 cm2. The 3D resolving capability was realized through a combination of optical and computational sectioning techniques tailored for our low-power imaging system. We applied the imaging technique to 1.2 cm-wide section of mouse brain, and successfully observed various regions of the brain with sub-cellular resolution in a single FOV. We also performed time-lapse imaging of a 1-cm-wide vascular network during quail embryo development for over 24 hr, visualizing the movement of over 4.0×105 vascular endothelial cells and quantitatively analyzing their dynamics. Our results demonstrate the potential of this technique in accelerating production of comprehensive reference maps of all cells in organisms and tissues, which contributes to understanding developmental processes, brain functions, and pathogenesis of disease, as well as high-throughput quality check of tissues used for transplantation medicine.

Lens-Free Holographic Imaging-Based Immunosensor Using Unpaired Data Set Signal-to-Noise Ratio-Enhanced Modal Transformation for Biosensing.

Conventional microscopes have limited capacities to reconcile the trade-off between the lens and field of view (FOV). Thus, the imaging field and accuracy of immunosensors remain restricted. In this study, a holographic deep learning unpaired modal transformation-assisted immunosensor is presented, combining a portable lens-free holographic imaging device with a CuO2@SiO2 nanoparticle-based click reaction signal amplification strategy for accurate antibiotic detection. The immunosensor achieves both large FOV imaging (10.3-fold improvement over the microscope) and signal-to-noise ratio-enhanced holographic reconstruction (signal-to-noise ratio of 32.65 dB, structural similarity index of 0.83) by constructing a modal transformation model with unpaired data sets, thus resolving the complexity of one-to-one matching of data sets required by conventional methods. The immunosensor detects chloramphenicol with high sensitivity and a wide linear range (limit of detection = 3.54 pg/mL, dynamic range of 10 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL) within 40 min. As a portable detection device, it demonstrates potential as a sensitive and on-site detection platform for food safety inspection and clinical diagnosis.

Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm Optimize to realize the Extended Depth-of-field Wavefront Coding Mask for a Large Field-of-view Microscopy System

Wavefront coding technology (WFC) is a computational photography technique that significantly extends a system's depth of field (DOF) while mitigating the impact of aberrations and the environment. A freely inserted wavefront coding microscopy system that realizes high-resolution imaging with large DOF in a wide field of view (FOV) is proposed. On the basis of a designed large DOF microscopy system, an adaptive genetic algorithm is developed to interactively analyze, design, and optimize the phase mask and its effects on the system. The algorithm adaptively adjusts the parameters for selection, crossover, and mutation. Furthermore, it reconstructs the optimization function while considering processability, thereby efficiently and accurately selecting phase mask parameters. The phase mask is prepared and integrated into the system with a freely inserted fixture, which provides flexibility and ease of operation. Wavefront encoding/decoding experiments demonstrate that the system can extend the DOF by approximately ±13 times in a large FOV, while slightly decreasing the resolution from 6.20 μm to 7.81 μm, and mitigating aberrations and FOV effects. The integrated phase mask does not influence the design of the optical system, is universal, and simplifies the system's structure. This provides advantages in applications such as biological microscopes, endoscopes, and drones, which have strict sample and environmental requirements.

An 8Tx/32Rx head-neck coil at 7T by combining 2Tx/32Rx Nova coil with 6Tx shielded coaxial cable elements.

Standard head coils used at 7T MRI suffer from high signal loss at lower brain regions and neck. This study aimed to increase the field of view (FOV) of a birdcage coil to image the lower brain regions and neck with a straightforward approach of using add-on transmit shielded coaxial cable coil (SCC) elements. A new head-neck coil was modeled as a combination of the 2Tx/32Rx Nova head coil and 6Tx SCC elements. The add-on transmit SCC elements have been produced. The full wave electromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze the coil geometry and estimate the local specific absorption ratio (SAR). The field maps and structural images were acquired in a phantom and in vivo on a 7T scanner. The computed SAR histogram revealed a peak of 4.08 W/kg. The simulated and measured maps are in good agreement. The manufactured coil's S-parameters are below 10 dB. The field measurements on a subject presented the increase in the FOV. The T1-weighted structural images of three subjects acquired with the head-neck coil showed increased coverage compared to the head coil only. Combining the 2Tx/32Rx Nova head coil and 6Tx SCC elements allowed imaging of the whole brain with an increased FOV down to the C4 spine. The coil stayed fully functional when different subjects were scanned. We conclude that the SCC transmit-only coils are a robust adjunct to conventional coil designs and can meaningfully enhance and expand their field of view.

Tests of X-ray Image Reconstruction: A New Index for Assessing Image Quality

Abstract Indirect X-ray modulation imaging has been adopted in a number of solar missions and provided reconstructed X-ray images of solar flares that are of great scientific importance. However, the assessment of the image quality of the reconstruction is still difficult which is particularly useful for scheme design of X-ray imaging systems, testing and improvement of imaging algorithms, and scientific research of X-ray sources. Currently, there is no specified method to quantitatively evaluate the quality of X-ray image reconstruction and the point spread function (PSF) of an X-ray imager. In this paper, we propose percentage proximity degree (PPD) by considering the imaging characteristics of X-ray image reconstruction and in particular, sidelobes and their effects on imaging quality. After testing a variety of imaging quality assessments in six aspects, we utilized the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to the indices that meet the requirements. Then we develop the final quality index for X-ray image reconstruction, QuIX, which consists of the selected indices and the new PPD. QuIX performs well in a series of tests, including assessment of instrument PSF and simulation tests under different grid configurations, and imaging tests with RHESSI data. It is also a useful tool for testing of imaging algorithms, and determination of imaging parameters for both RHESSI and ASO-S/HXI, such as field of view (FOV), beam width factor, and detector selection.

Potential for reduction of radiation dose in the assessment of the lead orientation in directional deep brain stimulation electrodes.

Directional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) relies on electrodes steering the stimulation field in a specific direction. Post implantation, however, the intended and real orientation of the lead frequently deviates e.g. due to torque of the electrode. The orientation is assessed by postoperative imaging such as C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) using 3D rotational fluoroscopy and multi-slice CT (MSCT). The objective is to determine the effect of different X-ray systems such as CBCT and MSCT, and scan acquisition parameters on effective radiation doses. We retrospectively investigated the dose area product (DAP) and dose length product (DLP) of patients who underwent both CBCT and MSCT after dDBS surgery. These metrics were then converted into the effective dose by established conversion coefficients. For CBCT, the feasible dose optimization by collimation was virtually assessed. Univariate analysis was performed to determine differences. Among 88 patients median effective dose was 0.20±0.07mSv in CBCT and 2.11±0.33mSv in MSCT (p<0.001). The field of view (FOV) in CBCT can be collimated in craniocaudal orientation by 33.6% and mediolaterally by 60.8%. This optimized collimation implies an effective dose reduction of 76% (p<0.001). Comparison of the effective dose of MSCT vs. CBCT revealed a significant dose reduction by 90.3% (p<0.001), whereas optimal collimation by 97.7% (p<0.001). For assessment of dDBS orientation, CBCT had significantly lower radiation doses compared to MSCT. Optimized collimation in CBCT allows for a further substantial dose reduction. Moreover, the proposed approach is applicable on other neuroimaging procedures such as 3D visualization of treated intracranial aneurysm.

A tracker pose optimization method for robotic measuring system based on spatial distance constraints

In large-scale metrology (LSM), the transformation of the tracker base frame (TBF) is a predominant method to enlarge the field of view (FOV) of the tracking sensor for full-field 3D measurements. Nevertheless, such a process will introduce cumulative errors and significantly diminish the global point cloud alignment accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a novel tracker pose optimization method for TBF transformation. A pose graph optimization (PGO) model based on spatial distance constraints is implemented to improve the tracker pose accuracy. We also adopt a robust coefficient and a damping factor to simplify the experimental process and stabilize the convergence results. Simulations and experiments on high-speed train surfaces are conducted to validate our method’s accuracy and effectiveness. The results indicate that our optimization method outperforms two existing methods in spatial positioning accuracy and point cloud alignment accuracy, which showcases its practical applicability and superiority in manufacturing scenarios.

Cone beam computed tomography - Frequency and exposure settings at University (Dental) hospitals in Central and Northern Europe.

To investigate the frequency of CBCT scans, the exposure settings, volume sizes and the patient demographics (age and sex) of patients undergoing CBCT scans in university-based dental hospitals in different European countries over a one-year period. Eight University Dental Hospitals from eight countries in central and northern Europe agreed to collect data from their CBCT-databases. Exposure data including field of view (FOV), dose area product (DAP) and optimization settings plus (anonymous) age and sex of the patients were collected for the entire year 2023. In addition, centre- and healthcare-system- related characteristics were assembled. Data were statistically evaluated using R Statistical Software. A total of 7320 CBCT-scans from eight centres and eight different CBCT-machines were evaluated. DAPs ranged between 34 and 4390mGycm2 (mean: 700.8mGycm2), kV between 60kV and 120kV. Patient age (range 4yrs to 97yrs) differed significantly between the centres, yet with a cumulative peak between 10 and 20yrs. Optimization protocols were observed for all centres, depending on their centre- and also healthcare-characteristics. 21% of the scans applied some sort of special dose reduction means. The overall age-peak between 10 and 20yrs highlights the need to optimized maxillofacial CBCT-protocols. The differences between the centres seem to be mainly related to healthcare-system and centre-related characteristics, which differ largely between the eight centres.

Collision of high-resolution wide FOV metalens cameras and vision tasks

Abstract Metalenses, with their compact form factor and unique optical capabilities, hold tremendous potential for advancing computer vision applications. In this work, we propose a high-resolution, large field-of-view (FOV) metalens intelligent recognition system, combining the latest YOLO framework, aimed at supporting a range of vision tasks. Specifically, we demonstrate its effectiveness in scanning, pose recognition, and object classification. The metalens we designed to achieve a 100° FOV while operating near the diffraction limit, as confirmed by experimental results. Moreover, the metalenses weigh only 0.1 g and occupy a compact volume of 0.04 cm3, effectively addressing the bulkiness of conventional lenses and overcoming the limitations of traditional metalens in spatial frequency transmission. This work highlights the transformative potential of metalenses in the field of computer vision, The integration of metalenses with computer vision opens exciting possibilities for next-generation imaging systems, offering both enhanced functionality and unprecedented miniaturization.

Crystal-level timing calibration using cascaded photons of 60Co point source for long axial animal PET system

Objective.Timing calibration is essential for positron emission tomography (PET) system as it enhances timing resolution to improve image quality. Traditionally, positron sources are employed for timing calibration. However, the photons emitted by these sources travel in opposite directions, necessitating that positrons annihilate at multiple locations to collect coincidence data across a greater number of lines of response. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a timing calibration method utilising a60Co point source.Approach.The60Co source emits cascaded photons without angular correlation, allowing the collection of coincidence events throughout the field of view (FOV) with a single60Co point source positioned at the centre of the FOV to determine the timing offsets of the pixels. Leveraging the properties of60Co, we propose a calibration method and implement it on a long axial animal PET system. Initially, we calibrated the timing offsets of the pixels within two blocks to establish reference detectors, and subsequently employed a60Co point source to determine the timing offsets of all the pixels in the system relative to these reference detectors. In addition, we evaluated the system's timing resolution before and after the calibration to validate the efficacy of the proposed method.Main results.We measured the timing offsets of the pixels across the entire system, ranging from -5.0 to 2.0 ns. After implementing the timing offset lookup table, the system timing resolution was improved from 6.30 ns before calibration to 1.04 ns.Significance. In this study, the60Co source is employed for timing calibration, offering the advantages of operational simplicity, broad applicability, and potential application in time-of-flight PET.

Aperiodic optical phased array with wide field of view and high sidelobe suppression ratio based on SiN-on-SOI platform

This paper presents an aperiodic optical phased array (OPA) based on a dual-layer emission grating on a SiN-on-SOI platform. The dual-layer grating offers advantages in terms of integration process feasibility and large process tolerance. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the emission array. The proposed OPA demonstrates a wide field of view (FOV) and high sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR). Experimental verification was performed on an 8-inch silicon photonics integration manufacturing platform capable of industrial production, and the device performance matched well with simulation results. The test results indicate that the OPA achieved a FOV of 150° × 16° with a divergence angle of 0.022° × 0.060°. The overall optimal SLSR was 10.3 dB, with a minimum SLSR of 3.7 dB across the entire field of view. Furthermore, the OPA was used in frequency modulation continuous wave system to achieve a distance measurement of 40 m.

Co-linear Hexa-Mirror-Based Multi-Periodic Structured Illumination Microscopy.

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a robust wide-field optical nanoscopy technique. Several approaches are implemented to improve SIM's resolution capability (∼2-fold). However, achieving a high resolution with a large field of view (FOV) is still challenging. We present tilt-mirror-based multi-periodic SIM for large-FOV super-resolution microscopy. The sample is illuminated by a multi-periodic structured pattern generated by six-beam interference using a custom-designed mirror mount. We achieve 3.16-fold resolution improvement while using a 20×/0.40 numerical-aperture objective that supports a large FOV (0.53 mm × 0.34 mm). This overcomes the high-space-bandwidth product challenge, achieving 9.98-fold improvement. mMP-SIM decouples illumination and collection paths, enabling scalable super-resolution over a large FOV. By using a 28×/0.80 numerical-aperture objective lens, an optical resolution of 170 nm over a 0.40 mm × 0.25 mm imaging area is demonstrated. The proof-of-principle experimental demonstration is performed for both fluorescent beads and a biosample like U2OS (human bone osteosarcoma) cells.

Enabling real-time reconstruction for large field-of-view single-molecule localization microscopy using discrete field-dependent point-spread function

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a powerful super-resolution imaging technique that offers resolution far beyond the optical diffraction limit. The commonly used high numerical-aperture (NA) objective lenses in SMLM can only provide a nearly ideal point-spread function (PSF) at the center of the field-of-view (FOV), whereas the off-axis PSF is often distorted due to optical aberrations. Since precision and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) spatial localization of single molecules heavily depend on the system’s PSF, the FOV of 3D SMLM is often restricted to about 50 µm × 50 µm limiting its applications in visualizing intra-/intercellular interactions and high-throughput single-molecule analysis. Here we present a systematic study to show the influence of optical aberrations on large FOV 3D SMLM using unmodified, astigmatic, and double-helix PSFs. Our results show that optical aberrations introduce significant localization errors during image reconstruction and thereby produce unreliable imaging results at the corner of the FOV. To maximize SMLM’s FOV, we proposed and verified the potential of using discrete field-dependent PSFs to retain precise and accurate single-molecule localization and compare their reconstruction results using simulated resolution test patterns and biological structures. Moreover, GPU acceleration empowers a discrete PSF calibration model with high localization speed, which can provide real-time SMLM image reconstruction. We envision these results will further guide the development of strategies that can provide real-time and reliable image reconstruction in large FOV 3D SMLM.

Flexible multi-access scheme for indoor VLC using multiband N-dimensional CAP and a wide field-of-view white laser transmitter

Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a crucial technology for next-generation (6 G) communication, integrating illumination and data transmission. However, the modulation bandwidths of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are relatively limited, which restricts communication capacity. In contrast, laser diodes (LDs) offer distinct advantages, including high luminous flux, compact size, and large modulation bandwidth. Notably, white LDs with a wide field-of-view (FOV) are particularly suitable for indoor VLC applications, as they can cover a broad range. To meet the diverse requirements of indoor access devices, we propose a multiband N-dimensional carrierless amplitude and phase (multiband N-D CAP) modulation technique. In multiband N-D CAP, N users are distributed across multiple sub-bands, where frequency division multiplexing is applied between sub-bands and code division multiplexing is adopted within each sub-band. This structure enables adaptable configurations of sub-band numbers, user counts, and data rates, providing superior flexibility and compatibility compared to traditional multiband CAP or N-D CAP techniques. In our VLC system with a wide FOV white laser transmitter, we tested four configurations for 12 users with different user distributions or data rates. Results show total data rates ranging from 3.45 Gbps to 2.75 Gbps at 1.0 m, and from 1.35 Gbps to 1.00 Gbps at 2.5 m, with an effective FOV angle of approximately 25°. These results underscore the potential of multiband N-D CAP modulation for flexible and efficient indoor VLC access.

Design of a Freeform Surface Optical Detection System with a Square Aperture

To meet the demands for heightened detection sensitivity in satellite-based space target detection systems, we introduce an innovative square aperture diaphragm system utilizing freeform surfaces for detecting targets in the visible light spectrum. Characterized by a 40 mm × 40 mm square entrance pupil, a 4° × 4° field of view (FOV), and a 150 mm focal length, this system achieves a spot size of 2 × 2 pixels with 85% energy concentration within 18.4 μm, showcasing exceptional performance. Our design, compared to a circular aperture system of similar specifications, increases the entrance pupil area by 27% while having a smaller volume, resulting in a 0.24 magnitude improvement in the detection of space targets. This advancement significantly enhances our ability to detect fainter space targets with high sensitivity. The findings of this study pave the way for advancements in satellite-based space target detection technology.

A 360-degree Video Player for Dynamic Video Editing Applications

360-degree videos introduce unique challenges to storytelling, especially if filmmakers want to draw the user’s attention to specific regions of the surrounding sphere to ensure the proper flow of narrative at any given time. For instance, at scene cuts, a user might lose track of a story if he/she looks towards a direction that prevents an intended region of interest (RoI) to appear in the viewport of the user’s head-mounted display (HMD). Because of that, new editing techniques for 360-degree videos are being investigated, and the use of dynamic (i.e., real-time) alignment of intended RoI across scene cuts is receiving growing attention. To support research on this topic, we introduce 360EAVP, an open source web-based application for streaming and visualization of 360-degree edited videos on HMDs. The 360EAVP is built on top of the VR DASH Tile Player, which is based on cube mapping projection, and adds new capabilities to handle dynamic video editing. Specifically, 360EAVP introduces 1) real-time track of a user’s viewport direction on the HMD; 2) support for dynamic editing via “snap-change” or “fade-rotation” effects; 3) visibility mapping of the user’s Field of View (FoV) with respect to the player’s cube mapping projection (for purposes of video tile requests during streaming); 4) incorporation of editing timing information into the operation of an ABR algorithm; 5) viewport prediction module based on linear regression or ridge regression models; and 6) video playback data collection and log module. To showcase the use of 360EAVP, we present results of a small-scale subjective experiment that aimed to evaluate the impact of the “snap-change” and “fade-rotation” editing techniques on user’s Quality of Experience (QoE), comfort, and head movement. Our findings indicate that these editing techniques do not compromise the overall QoE; in fact, in certain scenarios, an improvement is observed. In addition, some subjects significantly reduced their head movements with the editing techniques implemented.

Accurate image reconstruction within and beyond the field-of-view of CT system from data with truncation

Objective. Accurate image reconstruction from data with truncation in x-ray computed tomography (CT) remains a topic of research interest; and the works reported previously in the literature focus largely on reconstructing an image only within the scanning field-of-view (FOV). We develop algorithms to invert the truncated data model for numerically accurate image reconstruction within the subject support or a region slightly smaller than the subject support.Methods. We formulate image reconstruction from data with truncation as an optimization program, which includes hybrid constraints on region-based image total-variation (TV) and imageℓ1-norm (L1) for effectively suppressing truncation artifacts. An algorithm, referred to as the TV-L1 algorithm, is developed for image reconstruction (i.e. inversion of the data model) from data with truncation through solving the optimization program.Results. We perform numerical studies to evaluate accuracy and stability of the TV-L1 algorithm by using simulated and real CT data. Accurate images can be obtained stably by use of the TV-L1 algorithm within the subject support, or a region substantially larger than the FOV, from data with truncation of varying degrees.Conclusions. The TV-L1 algorithm can invert the truncated data model to accurately and stably reconstruct images within the subject support, or a region slightly smaller than the subject support but substantially larger than the FOV.Significance. Accurate image reconstruction within the subject support, or a region substantially larger than the FOV, from data with truncation can be of theoretical and practical implication. The insights and TV-L1 algorithm may also be generalized to accurate image reconstruction from data with truncation in other tomographic imaging modalities.

A Global-Scale Overlapping Pixels Calculation Method for Whisk-Broom Payloads with Multi-Module-Staggered Longlinear-Array Detectors

A multi-module staggered (MMS) long-linear-array (LLA) detector is presently recognized as an effective and widely adopted means of improving the field of view (FOV) of in-orbit optical line-array cameras. In particular, in terms of low-orbit whisk-broom payloads, the MMS LLA detector combined with the one-dimensional scanning mirror is capable of achieving both large-swath and high-resolution imaging. However, because of the complexity of the instantaneous relative motion model (IRMM) of the whisk-broom imaging mechanism, it is really difficult to determine and verify the actual numbers of overlapping pixels of adjacent detector sub-module images and consecutive images in the same and opposite scanning directions, which are exceedingly crucial to the instrument design pre-launch as well as the in-orbit geometric quantitative processing and application post-launch. Therefore, in this paper, aiming at addressing the problems above, we propose a global-scale overlapping pixels calculation method based on the IRMM and rigorous geometric positioning model (RGPM) of the whisk-broom payloads with an MMS LLA detector. First, in accordance with the imaging theory and the specific optical–mechanical structure, the RGPM of the whisk-broom payload is constructed and introduced elaborately. Then, we qualitatively analyze the variation tendency of the overlapping pixels of adjacent detector sub-module images with the IRMM of the imaging targets, and establish the associated overlapping pixels calculation model based on the RGPM. And subsequently, the global-scale overlapping pixels calculation models for consecutive images of the same and opposite scanning directions of the whisk-broom payload are also built. Finally, the corresponding verification method is presented in detail. The proposed method is validated using both simulation data and in-orbit payload data from the Thermal Infrared Spectrometer (TIS) of the Sustainable Development Goals Satellite-1 (SDGSAT-1), launched on 5 November 2021, demonstrating its effectiveness and accuracy with overlapping pixel errors of less than 0.3 pixels between sub-modules and less than 0.5 pixels between consecutive scanning images. Generally, this method is suitable and versatile for the other scanning cameras with a MMS LLA detector because of the similarity of the imaging mechanism.