Field Of Natural Resource Management Research Articles

Understanding Delegated Legislation in The Natural Resources Sector

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">The formation of statutory regulations is based on the authority to form. The formation of delegated regulations can originate from orders or authority. In the P3 Law, it is stated that delegated regulation is not only limited to (or “there is a space for delegated regulations other than “) Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, and Regional Regulations, so it becomes hyper-regulation. This happens in laws and regulations in the field of natural resource management. This article aims to explain the condition of existing delegated regulation in the field of natural resources and its impact on the use of natural resources. The results of this research show that the position and types of delegated regulation in the field of natural resources are not only in the form of Presidential Regulations, Government Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, and Regional Regulations but also delegated legislation regulated in Article 8 of the P3 Law, which is not small in number The implications of delegated legislation can provide technically detailed implementing regulations down to the lowest level institutions/institutions. However, delegation not explicitly limited by the delegation criteria causes hyper-regulation by the executive agency through its functional authority. Apart from that, it opens space for unsynchronization between the substance of higher regulations and delegated regulations, thereby causing ineffective use of natural resources. This study recommends that changes be made to the Law on the Establishment of Laws and Regulations, especially concerning its hierarchy.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

Legal support of the use of Industry 4.0 technologies in the field of natural resource management and environmental protection

Legal support of the use of Industry 4.0 technologies in the field of natural resource management and environmental protection

Peculiarities of the objective side of the failure of the declarant to submit a declaration of a person authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government

Peculiarities of the objective side of the failure of the declarant to submit a declaration of a person authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government

The Progressive Legal Perspective of Legal Justice in Customary Dispute Resolution Related to Natural Resources

The absence of special arrangements regarding customary law has the potential to cause inferiority in the position of customary law compared to the substance of national law in customary disputes relating to natural resources. This study seeks to analyze and formulate the idea of ​​resolving customary disputes over the management of natural resources in a progressive legal perspective to achieve justice. The results of the study confirmed that the problems of customary disputes related to the management of natural resources, especially those that occurred in the territories of indigenous peoples, made the position of customary law weaker compared to national law. This happens because regulations regarding indigenous peoples have not been ratified. Legal efforts to settle natural resource customary disputes to achieve justice in a progressive legal perspective need to be regulated through the establishment of a Perppu (Government Regulation in Lieu of Law) to facilitate the position of customary law in resolving customary disputes in the field of natural resource management. In the Perppu, it is hoped that there will be confirmation regarding the enactment of the conception of legal pluralism so that customary law has an equal position with national law in customary disputes over natural resource management.

Decolonizing conservation? Indigenous resurgence and buffalo restoration in the American West

There has been a recent surge of interest in “decolonizing” conservation and natural resource management fields. Most of this scholarship, however, speaks to colonialism on a global scale and does not address conservation within modern settler colonial states such as the United States and Canada. This project focuses on the reintroduction of buffalo (bison) in the American West as an example of how even conservation efforts that purport to include, value, and share Indigenous perspectives can ultimately uphold settler colonial relations of power. Using an Indigenous mixed-methodology approach, it interrogates the discursive construction of buffalo as “America's great conservation success story” and highlights the ways in which conservation has historically worked to support colonial projects of Indigenous erasure and dispossession. Some contemporary buffalo restoration projects seek to include Indigenous people as stakeholders and/or collaborators with unique cultural interests in buffalo, but these efforts do not always embody the material shift in power relations that Indigenous scholars have identified as a key component of decolonization. For Indigenous people, buffalo are more than a keystone species with cultural import; they are relatives whose well-being is deeply entwined with our own. For landscape-scale buffalo restoration projects to engage in decolonization, they must seek to not only repair the harm done to tribal nations through buffalo eradication but also work to support Indigenous resurgence by transforming structures of power.

Lithological mapping for complex geological formations with mixed classifiers using Landsat 8 data

Lithological studies and geological unit mappings are generally applicable to many fields of natural resource management. Relatively suitable aquifers have been formed in complex formations in northwest Shahrood due to the presence of carbonate rocks as well as erosion and tectonic forces in the region. This study aims to identify and separate the calcareous formations that can form karst aquifers in the study area. As a result of erosion and tectonic forces, the rocks of the region exhibit spectral fluctuations, making it difficult for mapping geological formations using multispectral images. Therefore, Landsat 8 satellite-based images were processed by adopting the minimum noise fraction (MNF), independent component analysis (ICA), and band ratio (BR). The indices of calcareous formations and shale formations were created by the BR through the spectral behavior of pure pixels. Moreover, the support vector machine (SVM) and maximum likelihood (ML) were employed for classification. The SVM classifier proved more capable of classification than the ML classifier, and the transform ICA outperformed the MNF in the separation of formations. The lithological maps were extracted using the SVM with an overall accuracy (OA) of 68.04%. Furthermore, a method decision tree (DT) was employed to improve the classification accuracy. The DT classifier was then utilized to reclassify lithological maps that were classified by SVM and ML through morphological characteristics and indices of formations The DT classifier improved the lithological map accuracy by 10%. The boundaries of calcareous formations were extracted from non-calcareous formations with an accuracy of 93%, and the regional constructions were separated with an accuracy of ∼80 % . Finally, the lithological map was developed with a kappa of 0.734 and an OA of 78.59%.

Sustainable Development Governance in the Arctic Regions (Review of International Approaches and Research)

The article provides an overview of studies devoted to governance in the field of sustainable development of the Arctic regions. The work highlights such general approaches to the analysis of sustainable development as the concept of adaptive governance and resilience theory. Global governance institutions that operate in the Arctic are considered. Particular attention is paid to the Arctic Council and the constraints connected with its work. The article also describes non-state governance in the field of natural resources management and social sphere. Special attention is paid to the marine certification system (MSC), which has become widespread in the Arctic, as well as the benefit sharing arrangements between extractive companies and the Indigenous people of the North. In conclusion, the efficiency of the governance institutions is discussed in the context of achieving sustainable development goals.

Geo-Spatial Tools for Science-Based Management of Inland Aquatic Habitats and Conservation of Fish Genetic Resources

Inland fisheries resources are vital for the human community and contribute to the development of a particular region. However, inland water bodies are highly dynamic, surrounded by terrestrial ecosystems, and face multiple threats from various anthropogenic stressors. Hence, the conservation and management of aquatic resources are becoming formidable which require the use of geo-spatial technologies for evidence-based scientific management of their habitats and fish genetic resources. The applications of geo-spatial tools are well acknowledged in data-scarce regions and in the field of natural resource management where the decision can be made based on the outputs arising from limited scientific assumptions. The remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) based habitat characterization of inland water bodies, viz., inventory, monitoring of water spread and quality, habitat risk and suitability mapping, habitat prediction, and connectivity assessment is getting momentum in recent times, and incorporation of field exploration data with landscape information derived from geo-spatial tools enhance our understanding on aquatic habitats. The applications of geo-spatial models enhanced the potential of ecosystem service quantification and conservation planning in inland aquatic habitats. The demonstration of RS and GIS applications at a larger landform scale in inland open water bodies is necessary to illustrate its potential for science-based management of inland aquatic habitats for the conservation of fish genetic resources.

Парадоксы экономики россыпного золота

The article is devoted to the study of influence of placer gold mining on the socio-economic processes in in the eastern areas of Russia on the example of the Trans-Baikal territory. Reconciliation of economic and environmental interests in the extraction of placer gold remains one of the most relevant in the field of natural resource management. The results of quantitative assessments of the development of the districts of the Trans-Baikal Territory show that there are short-term benefits from the development of placer gold sites during the mining season in those municipalities where it is conducted. But in the medium term there is no reason to say that it has a positive impact on socio-economic and demographic processes. According to the level of social well-being, gold mining areas differ insignificantly from those where gold mining is not carried out, in particular, this concerns budget security per capita. Growth rate of the own budget revenues in the areas where placer gold is mined is even slightly lower than in those where gold is not mined. The population decline in the areas of placer deposits development is no less intense than in other areas. The conclusion is substantiated that in order for the extraction of placer gold to become a real factor in improving the quality of life of the local population and demographic stabilization in the border regions, it is necessary to carry out the number of institutional changes. These include: radical redistribution of income within the budget system in this segment of subsoil use; increasing the rates of payments within the limits of maximum permissible, temporarily agreed and excess discharges changing the procedures for commercial access to resources.

Development of Naga Village Traditional Community Empowerment Model Islamic Education Based

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze Islamic education which is the basis for increasing empowerment in all aspects of the Kampung Naga indigenous community that has been carried out, so that from the results of this research a new pattern can be made, namely: developing a model for the empowerment of the Kampung Naga indigenous community based Islamic education. The field survey research method is descriptive qualitative using an ethnographic approach, using primary data sources through interviews with traditional leaders; religious leaders; tour guides and representatives of community members in Kampung Naga and added secondary data sources in the form of: documents; archives and records. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis with the Miles and Huberman model then continued with the preparation of the final research report. The results of the study found that: community empowerment in the Kampung Naga area that had been given by the government included: empowerment in the field of tourism/culture; empowerment in the field of entrepreneurship/craft; empowerment in the field of natural resource management and the environment as well as religion. From the results of the research, the existing model of empowerment of the Kampung Naga indigenous community based on Islamic education can be developed more broadly covering the following aspects: economy; environment; health; and division of roles. Meanwhile, supporting factors for good empowerment are: government support; involve local residents; and public participation. So from the steps mentioned above, the aspects of the results of empowerment through religious education are: the spiritual soul there is an increasing change; good member entrepreneurship spirit; charity-service to the citizens who are weak smoothly distributed; Devotion to a strong country.

Salish Sea Survey: Geographic Literacy Enhancing Natural Resource Management

The Salish Sea is a biodiverse, transboundary inland sea and marine ecosystem stretching from British Columbia, Canada into Washington State, United States. Home to nearly eight million people and charismatic and keystone species, including three populations of orca, the ecosystem crosses multiple jurisdictions, communities, and watersheds, complicating conservation efforts. Geographic literacy, especially place names, is important for managing Salish Sea recovery and further challenged by the newness of the Salish Sea as an officially recognized place name. We conducted a geographic literacy survey showing that residents are largely unfamiliar with the name Salish Sea. Such low geographic literacy has numerous negative implications for communications, advocacy, outreach and the ability to address natural resource management and recovery of the Salish Sea at the level of the ecosystem. We offer potential implications for geographic literacy and other complementary geographic constructs within the wider field of natural resource management.

Bio-irrigation: A Drought Alleviation Strategy through Induced Hydro-parasitization under Bi-cropping Practices of Rainfed Agro-ecosystem: A Review

Exploring ecosystem services for environment sustainability is the trending area of research in the field of natural resource management (NRM). Water is an important entity of agro-ecosystem, dryland agriculture greatly suffers due to want of moisture. Bi-cropping is one practice where different crops are grown in proximity to realize various benefits under uncertainties of dryland agriculture. Literacy among multifarious benefits of bi-cropping over monoculture is fairly rich among the researchers as well as growers. However, bio-irrigation is one such co-benefits which address about drought alleviating strategies under bi-cropping practice. In this technique, deep rooted plants suck up water from deep moist sub-soil and deposit part of that sucked water in the upper dry soil layers due to water potential gradient, during this hydraulic lift and redistribution shallow rooted neighboring crops in close proximity gets due benefits of this lifted water in alleviating drought. This is high time to device cropping systems of water limited environment to unlock the potentiality of dryland production units. Based on the published studies Piliostigma reticulatum, Guiera senegalensis, Panicum maximum, Festuca arundinacea and Cajanus cajan were identified as potential bio-irrigator arid agro-ecosystem.

Do Decibels Matter? A Review of Effects of Traffic Noise on Terrestrial Small Mammals and Bats

Noise generated by human activities has increased over the last decades as a result of human population growth, global transport and urbanization. The understanding of the effect of noise on different animal populations is mandatory to help making informed decisions in the field of natural resource management. While managers often focus on rare, charismatic species, it is important to examine the effects of noise on species that are common because abundant species have strong ecological impacts. This paper describes the influence of traffic noise on representatives of two orders of mammals: rodents and bats. I reviewed field and laboratory studies that inspected the influence of traffic noise on the following aspects of rodent and bat ecology: (1) activity and behaviour, (2) abundance and habitat use, and (3) foraging. Bats tended to be negatively affected by traffic noise, although certain species demonstrated a considerable degree of tolerance to this disturbance. The effects of traffic noise on rodents were more varied, but typically consisted of detrimental changes in vigilance-foraging trade-off. However, research on rodents appears biased towards social species which rely on alarm calls for protection.

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

The article states that the promotion of resource efficiency will be facilitated by the development of a detailed action plan for the implementation of the green economy, in line with the National Strategy for Sustainable Development. Sustainable development is ensured by the balance of three components: economic, social and environmental. The modern state policy on the subject of development of the concept of "green" economy in Ukraine is analyzed. the condition for further economic development is a significant change in the current economic system, the transition to a new economic model and the implementation of the basic principles of sustainable development. One of the best options for such changes, according to many scientists around the world, is the concept of "green economy". Compliance with environmental legislation by domestic companies will have a positive impact on the economic performance of their activities. Thus, the "green economy" will accelerate the process of transition to sustainable development. The level of ecological situation and development of the national ecological system of Ukraine, its place on these indicators among other countries of the world can be estimated by means of the international index of ecological dimension. The higher this figure, the worse the results of pollution of the country's ecosystem. This index and its indicators determine a country's ability to protect its environment in the short and long term. In addition, this index can be used as a powerful tool for decision-making on an analytical basis, taking into account the social and economic dimensions of sustainable development. The transition of Ukraine's economy to market principles is impossible without reforming the economy and improving economic levers in the field of natural resources management. Thus, the study of the tools and differences of the "green" economy allowed us to draw the following conclusions: under the current model of production, world economic growth can create a state where the damage from pollution and environmental degradation will significantly outweigh the income. Thus, in order to prevent this situation, it will be necessary to introduce innovations to reproduce natural resources.

社会-生态网络方法研究进展

社会-生态系统是由一个或多个社会和生态子系统交互作用形成的复杂的、非线性的、动态耦合系统。理解社会与生态子系统之间的复杂交互关系对于实现有效、可持续的环境治理至关重要。社会-生态网络方法是网络理论在社会-生态交互作用研究中应用与发展的产物，在定量刻画社会-生态系统结构、分析系统动态变化、推动系统适应性治理等方面具有重大的应用潜力。系统梳理了国内外现有的社会-生态网络研究，首先从网络的类型、构建模式、分析方法3个方面介绍社会-生态网络方法，并阐述其在资源管理、社会-生态匹配、社会-生态适应性治理领域中的应用，探讨社会-生态网络方法在研究社会-生态交互作用中的优势和挑战，最后提出未来社会-生态网络研究的重点方向，即社会-生态网络的动态变化过程以及社会-生态网络结构与功能关系。研究旨在深化网络分析可用于描述人—自然关系的认识，为社会-生态系统的网络研究提供实践指导，以期促进社会-生态网络方法在我国社会-生态系统研究中的应用。;Social-ecological system is composed of social subsystem and ecological subsystem and the interactions between them, whose structures and functions are different from those of social subsystem or ecological subsystem alone. Social-ecological system is therefore characterized by complexity, non-stability and nonlinearity. At present, dynamic evolutions and mutual feedback mechanisms have gradually become the core contents of social-ecological system research. Achieving effective and sustainable environmental governance requires a better understanding of the complex interdependencies in social-ecological systems. However, the complexity, mutual feedback loops and other nonlinear dynamic characteristics of social-ecological dependence, as well as differences in interdisciplinary research paradigms make it very difficult to conceptualize and understand human-nature interactions in the social-ecological system. With the development of modern graph theory, statistical theory, computer technology, etc., network thinking has gradually been practically applied in analyzing the internal relations of the system. Social-ecological network method has been born as a product of the application and development of network theory in the study of socio-ecological interaction, which has great application potential in quantitatively descripting the system structure, analyzing the system dynamic changes, and promoting adaptive governances. We systematize existing social-ecological network studies and introduce the social-ecological network methods in terms of the type of network, building mode and analysis method. Then the article summarizes the social-ecological network method's applications in the field of natural resource management, social-ecological fit, social-ecological adaptability governances. By discussing the advantage and challenge of the social-ecological network method in the research of social-ecological interaction, we believe that the generalization of the social-ecological system into a network provides an effective way to understand the social-ecological dependence and insight into the behavior of the system. However, currently, the lack of generally recognized social-ecological interaction theory, insufficient practical application cases and researches on the causal relationship between structure and function, etc., still hinder the further development of social-ecological network methods. Finally, we put forward two important directions on strengthening and improving social-ecological network research in the future, that is, to introduce mathematical or physics methods to study the dynamic change process of social-ecological network, and to use more cases to reveal the relationship between the structure and function of social-ecological network. The paper aimed at deepening the understanding that network analysis can be used to describe human-nature relationship, and providing practical guidance for social-ecological network research, to promote a scientific and standardized application of the network method in social-ecological system studies in China.

Ecological innovations for regional sustainable development: an empirical study

The article is devoted to the study of sustainable regional development from the perspective of the value-driven approach and the assessment of the environmental innovations impact on the sustainability of the regional development. The methodological framework included the sustainable development concept, the main provisions of the regional economy, the rational use of natural resources principles and the value-driven management. The study determined the level of realization of the values and interests of the population, the business community and authorities in the economic, environmental and social spheres. It has been established that achieving sustainable development goals at the regional level requires reducing the environmental intensity of enterprises, reducing the volume of pollution of the atmosphere and water resources, as well as the volume of generated production and consumption waste. The regional environmental innovations implementation is considered the main driver of positive changes in the field of natural resource management and environmental protection. Using econometric modeling, an assessment was made of the impact of environmental innovations and factors of the regional environment on the level of realization of the sustainable development values in the context of key stakeholders of the territories and the degree of coordination of their interests, as well as on key indicators of the economic activity. The environmental innovations importance in the regional sustainable development is mathematically proved and the environmental innovations specificity in the context of improving regional policy is characterized.

Social License and Animal Welfare: Developments from the Past Decade in Australia.

Simple Summary“Social license to operate” (SLO) is the process by which a community grants or withholds permission to an industry to conduct its business. This article describes how animal welfare has recently become arguably the most crucial consideration underpinning SLO for Australian animal use industries in the past decade. Such industries include animal racing, wildlife harvesting, and the farming and live export of livestock. We posit that these industries are at risk of loss of SLO unless policies shift to proactive engagement with stakeholders and transparent monitoring of animal welfare outcomes. “Social license to operate” (SLO) refers to the implicit process by which a community gives an industry approval to conduct its current business activities. It has become an important focus for many natural resource management fields (especially mining), but there is less awareness of its role in animal use industries. This article describes how animal welfare has recently become arguably the most crucial consideration underpinning the SLO for Australian animal use industries. It describes several industries in Australia that have faced animal welfare scrutiny in the past decade (2010–2020) to illustrate how persistent issues can erode SLO, lead to regulatory bans, and decimate previously profitable industries. Industries described include the live export of livestock, greyhound and horse racing, kangaroo harvesting, and dairy and sheep farming. In these cases, there has been intense public discourse but little scholarly progress. This article examines factors that may have contributed to these developments and suggests approaches that may assist these industries in maintaining their SLO. Animal welfare has become a mainstream societal concern in Australia, and effective management of the community’s expectations will be essential for the maintenance of SLO for many animal use industries.

Dissemination of Environmental Information in the E-Governance system: World Trends and Experience for Ukraine

The UN E-Government Survey 2016 on «E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development» offers a brief overview of e-government trends in the world. According to the survey, more and more governments are using information technology to provide services and engage people in decision-making processes in rural areas in their countries. Talking about the emerging economies in East Europe, the Ukrainian economy is growing faster with 50% of population living in rural areas, which develops incredible pressure on the government to give more focus on many ways of environmental safety of Ukraine. Ukraine is predominantly rural country and in order to improve the environmental conditions it is important that both central and local governments carried out national environment information activity. Modern information technology helps to disseminate environmental information in rural areas and is a major provider of information opportunities for the rural population. By 2020 Ukrainian government has a goal to achieve interaction at all levels by electronic mode. There are various electronic databases that are already functioning at the national level such as the Real Estate Register, Public Cadastral Map, etc. that can help the Ukrainian government to achieve greater transparency and successful governance. However, access to such registers is currently not possible for regional communities. Therefore, disposing of environmental information, avoiding environmental threats to the local population and enhancing the effectiveness of local governance is a goal for local governments. This paper offers a modern vision of information technologies in the field of natural resources management. E-government projects and ways to solve problems in the sphere of dissemination of information in rural areas in order to improve e-governance in contemporary Ukraine were explored.
 Keywords: Environmental information, information human rights, sustainable development, EU environmental policy

CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHIC NATIONAL CONDITION MONITORING QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

Abstract. The fundamental geographic national condition monitoring uses high-resolution aerial and aerospace remote sensing images to produce digital orthophoto images, land cover classification, geographical and national conditions, databases, statistical analysis and other results to monitor land changes within China's territory, the cycle is once a year. At present, the achievements have been applied in the fields of natural resource management, environmental protection and governance, people's livelihood guarantee, emergency disaster relief, and so on, it is of great significance to provide integrated, standardized and reliable geographic information products to meet the needs of ecological civilization construction. In view of the actual situation of the geographical conditions of the country, such as the organizational mode of production, the technical methods and the requirements of the results, this paper discusses the innovative development of the quality control method, the quality control content, the results quality evaluation and software development, etc. , having established a basic quality control system for monitoring the geographical conditions of the country, and applied it in the quality control work of monitoring the geographical conditions of the country carried out in the past four years from 2016 to 2019, effectively guaranteeing the quality of the results, it also provides reference and reference for other important engineering quality control work.

Using value of information to prioritize research needs for migratory bird management under climate change: a case study using federal land acquisition in the United States.

In response to global habitat loss, many governmental and non-governmental organizations have implemented land acquisition programs to protect critical habitats permanently for priority species. The ability of these protected areas to meet future management objectives may be compromised if the effects of climate change are not considered in acquisition decisions. Unfortunately, the effects of climate change on ecological systems are complex and plagued by uncertainty, making it difficult for organizations to prioritize research needs to improve decision-making. Herein, we demonstrate the use of qualitative value of information analysis to identify and prioritize which sources of uncertainty should be reduced to improve land acquisition decisions to protect migratory birds in the face of climate change. The qualitative value of information analysis process involves four steps: (i) articulating alternative hypotheses; (ii) determining the magnitude of uncertainty regarding each hypothesis; (iii) evaluating the relevance of each hypothesis to acquisition decision-making; and (iv) assessing the feasibility of reducing the uncertainty surrounding each hypothesis through research and monitoring. We demonstrate this approach using the objectives of 3 U.S. federal land acquisition programs that focus on migratory bird management. We used a comprehensive literature review, expert elicitation, and professional judgement to evaluate 11 hypotheses about the effect of climate change on migratory birds. Based on our results, we provide a list of priorities for future research and monitoring to reduce uncertainty and improve land acquisition decisions for the programs considered in our case study. Reducing uncertainty about how climate change will influence the spatial distribution of priority species and biotic homogenization were identified as the highest priorities for future research due to both the value of this information for improving land acquisition decisions and the feasibility of reducing uncertainty through research and monitoring. Research on how changes in precipitation patterns and winter severity will influence migratory bird abundance is also expected to benefit land acquisition decisions. By contrast, hypotheses about phenology and migration distance were identified as low priorities for research. By providing a rigorous and transparent approach to prioritizing research, we demonstrate that qualitative value of information is a valuable tool for prioritizing research and improving management decisions in other complex, high-uncertainty cases where traditional quantitative value of information analysis is not possible. Given the inherent complexity of ecological systems under climate change, and the difficulty of identifying management-relevant research priorities, we expect this approach to have wide applications within the field of natural resource management.