Fields Of Mathematics Research Articles

Characterizations of quasi-metric and G-metric completeness involving w-distances and fixed points

Abstract Involving w w -distances we prove a fixed point theorem of Caristi-type in the realm of (non-necessarily T 1 {T}_{1} ) quasi-metric spaces. With the help of this result, a characterization of quasi-metric completeness is obtained. Our approach allows us to retrieve several key examples occurring in various fields of mathematics and computer science and that are modeled as non- T 1 {T}_{1} quasi-metric spaces. As an application, we deduce a characterization of complete G G -metric spaces in terms of a weak version of Caristi’s theorem that involves a G-metric version of w-distances.

Societal influences on career decision making: Perspectives of African women pursuing technology‐related professions

AbstractSeveral studies have explored the phenomenon of low participation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields and careers. However, there remains very limited understanding of this phenomenon from an African woman's perspective. This is particularly concerning when considering the positionality of African women, in a form of deeply entrenched and systemic marginalization in relation to women from other parts of the world. It is these unique circumstances that warrant study specifically aimed at uncovering and elevating their experiences. This qualitative study has explored and highlighted the dynamics African women face when deciding to pursue a technology‐related profession or studies. An understanding of the experiences of African women can provide a different lens for examining the concept of a “leaky pipeline,” as a phenomenon that has been used to explain the shortage of women in STEM fields. The findings highlight both the motivations as well as challenges experienced by African women pursuing STEM profession and studies. Some of the motivations highlighted include personal interest or capability, as well as the family setting of an individual and status of STEM profession their contexts. The phenomenon of impostor syndrome was identified as one of the clear challenges experienced by African women. The findings also highlight the complexity of factors that act as both challenge as well as motivation. These include gender perception and stereotypes, access (or lack thereof) to role models, family influences, and exposure to technology at a young age. While the study accomplishes the aim of elevating experiences of African women pursuing STEM professions and studies, it is clear that further studies are necessary in this area in order to develop a rich understanding of these experiences in relation to the well‐known systemic issues confronting African women. This deep and nuanced understanding will play a crucial role in formulating meaningful and sustainable resolutions.

Contribution to the Validation of the Expectancy-Value Scale for Primary School Students

Grounded in ‘expectancy-value’ theory, this paper reports on the psychometric properties of an instrument intended to measure students’ motivation in mathematics. The participants were 2045 third-, fourth- and fifth-grade students from Estonia, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Serbia and Sweden. The Expectancy-Value Scale (EVS) was found to be suitable for early grades of primary education in measuring competence self-perceptions and subjective task values relative to the mathematics field. The results indicate a good model fit aligned with the expectancy-value theory. The EVS dimensions showed good reliability, and scalar invariance was established. However, findings also indicated high correlations between some of the EVS dimensions, which is well documented for students at this age. The findings are discussed relative to the ‘expectancy-value’ theory framework and students’ age.

The concept of inverse α-cuts in multi Q-fuzzy set

In various mathematical theories such as fuzzy sets, fuzzy multisets, fuzzy soft sets, the concept of α-Cuts were applied together with their inverses. However, we noticed that in multi Q-fuzzy sets only α-Cuts were studied without their inverses. In this paper the concept of inverse α-Cuts and their properties in multi Q-fuzzy sets were introduced. Some distinctive features of α-Cuts and inverse α-Cuts were demonstrated. It is shown that as both first and second decomposition theorems hold in the former, it actually fails in the latter. Moreover, unlike α-cuts, it was discovered that, a multi Q-fuzzy set cannot be uniquely represented as the family of all its weak inverse α-cuts. Thus, both α-cuts and inverse α-cuts attract applications in many mathematical fields.

Self Efficacy dalam Pembelajaran Online Matematika

Abstract. The ability of self-efficacy is considered to be closely related to students' mathematical learning outcomes, especially in how far students have confidence and want to continue trying to solve mathematical problem solving problems. In face-to-face learning, the four main sources of creating self-efficacy abilities are mastery experiences, modeling, social persuasion, and physiological states (Bandura, 1997). However, along with technological developments and the demands of the situation in the midst of a pandemic, teachers and students must have a strategy to continue to develop self-efficacy abilities, even though learning at this time can only be done through distance or online learning. The purpose of this article is to present several alternative ways to continue to develop students' self-efficacy abilities in the context of an online learning environment, especially in the field of mathematics. The writing of this article uses the method of literature review from books and articles. There are three subtopics that will be explained, namely what self-efficacy abilities are, how students' self-efficacy abilities can be formed, and how to develop self-efficacy abilities in online mathematics learning.

Analysis of Bridge Graph by Means of K-Banhatti Sombor Invariants

Any number that can be uniquely determined by a graph is called a graph invariant. During the last twenty years’ countless mathematical graph invariants have been characterized and utilized for correlation analysis. However, no reliable examination has been embraced to decide, how much these invariants are related with a network graph or molecular graph. In this paper, it will discuss three different variants of bridge networks with good potential of prediction in the field of computer science, mathematics, chemistry, pharmacy, informatics and biology in context with physical and chemical structures and networks, because K-Banhatti Sombor invariants are freshly presented and have numerous prediction qualities for different variants of bridge graphs or networks. These deduced results can be used for the modelling of computer networks like LAN, MAN, WAN, backbone of internet and other networks/structures of computers, power generation, bio-informatics and chemical compound.

Recommendations on simple but transformative diversity, equity, and inclusion measures in Heliophysics over the next decade

It is well established that, in order to perform at their peak ability, a person must feel accepted, safe, and valued at work. Therefore, it is imperative to bring Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) efforts to the forefront of Heliophysics over the next decade and well beyond. This position paper outlines three specific recommendations to make the Heliophysics community more diverse, equitable, and inclusive by improving the accessibility and accountability. These recommendations are: performing consistent collection and analysis of demographic data across different agencies, reimagining undergraduate Heliophysics internships using the SOARS® model, and providing conference funding for DEI speakers whose expertise lies outside the field of Heliophysics. These targeted recommendations have a well-documented positive impact, are simple to implement, and follow other scientific communities’ recent recommendations for making the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields more diverse, equitable, and inclusive.

The Effectiveness of Innovative Learning on Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability: Quasi-Experimental

Quasi-experimental research or quasi-experimental research is an innovation from true experimenters, including difficult research in the fields of education and social. Although this research is difficult to do, many researchers are also interested in using a quasi-experimental design in conducting research, especially in the field of mathematics. The high interest of researchers in this study is due to the fact that quasi-experimental research is most suitable to be applied in research in the field of mathematics education which is the subject of instructional research by educators and students. Quasi-experiments are used to make it easier to control due to non-functioning due to the control group as an external variable that also has an effect. The study conducted in this study used a literature review, broadly speaking, research data collection was based on observations of related research journal articles that had been carried out by other researchers before. Quasi-experimental studies as a research vehicle that aims to examine the application of quantitative research in testing students' problem-solving abilities. Researchers need more accurate methods to be applied, theoretical studies and analysis results can be concluded that quasi-experimental research can be used as an alternative to problem solving in problem-based mathematics learning. Based on the analysis of the researcher's interest, it can be seen that in fact the researcher uses a test instrument to see the effect of solving students' mathematical problems by applying the random sampling technique. Keywords: Quasi Experiment, Mathematical Problem Solving, Quantitative

Revisiting Geometrical Preservation Properties Using Proof Without Words and Interactive Technology

The complexity of the art of teaching and learning, especially in the field of mathematics, calls for a broader approach than the traditional status quote. Proof without words in geometry coupled with the dynamic and interactive GeoGebra applet have the capacity to be used in all levels of mathematics education from grade schools to higher education. It is the aim of this article to present a few open-ended geometrical problems where proofs without words and dynamic interactive GeoGebra applets can be used in mathematics education.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DAN SELF-EFFICACY SISWA PADA MATERI SPLDV

In general, students’ problem solving skills tend to be in a low category, this is shown by the number of students who have not been able to complete diagnostic tests given in the form of routine and non-routine problems. One of the factors that affect students’ mathematical problem-solving skills is self-efficacy. This study aims to find out students’ mathematical problem-solving and self-efficacy skills in the material of a two-variable linar equation system. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research. The research method used is a descriptive analysis method. The subjects in this study were grade VIII students of the 2020/2021 school year who were in Pakuwon Subdistrict, Garut Subdistrict, Garut Regency which numbered 6 students. The sampling technique in this study is a purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used are mathematical problem-solving skills tests, self-efficacy questionnaires, interviews, and field records. The data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students’ problem-solving skills were at 75% with the high category and student self-efficacy was at 68% with the good category.

Supporting The STEM Aspirations of Youth Who Have Been Pushed Out

A lack of diversity permeates the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field. Under-representation within STEM fields can stifle innovation and progressive approaches to the future of STEM. Traditional STEM pathways focus on identifying participants who show academic promise in schools. One segment of young people, youth who have been ‘pushed out’ of high schools, have often been excluded from STEM pathways. Alternative education programs have the potential to support youth who have been pushed out, to re-engage in STEM. The purpose of this study was to understand what factors contributed to the STEM aspirations of students at Xinaxtli Charter School (XCS), an alternative education program for youth who have been ‘pushed out’ in Southern California. This quantitative study utilized Structural Equation Modeling to analyze a conceptual model for STEM aspirations at XCS. Specifically, this study looked at how each of the following areas—student perception of their science teacher, critical science education, student sense of agency to create knowledge in science class, student engagement in science class, and the relevance of science to the student—impacted student STEM aspirations. The best predictors of student STEM aspirations came from the following factors: (a) relevance of science to students, (b) student sense of agency to create knowledge, (c) and critical science education. Findings from this study provide a framework for educators of STEM classrooms to re-engage youth who have previously ‘pushed out’ of their traditional secondary schools.

Faculty Experiences of the Impostor Phenomenon in STEM Fields.

Successful people experiencing impostor phenomenon consider themselves less competent and less worthy of their positions or achievements. They attribute their success to luck, deceit, fraudulence, and others being kind to them instead of their own competence. Prior research has focused primarily on students in higher education; faculty experiences of impostor phenomenon in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are not well understood. The research question guiding this inquiry was: "What kind of academic events or activities could contribute to faculty experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM?" Using a qualitative analysis of 56 interviews, this U.S.-based study examined occurrences and experiences among faculty who self-identified as experiencing impostor phenomenon. A prior survey from the same participants revealed that they were predominantly White and female, experiencing moderate, high, or intense impostor phenomenon. Thematic interview analysis revealed that impostor phenomenon could be related to the following: 1) peer comparison, 2) faculty evaluation, 3) public recognition, 4) the anticipatory fear of not knowing, and 5) a perceived lack of competency. A comparison with findings from the larger study revealed that there are commonalities among faculty, PhD student, and postdoctorate experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM. This necessitates professional development opportunities that could address self-limiting beliefs across the academic pipeline.

MENGEMBANGKAN ASSESSMENT DALAM MATEMATIKA MENJADI SUATU INSTRUKSI YANG JELAS BAGI PESERTA DIDIK

This study aims to analyze through the literature related to developing assessment into the form of instruction. there are 4 specific objectives this is done, among others: 1) monitor student progress; 2) make instructional decisions; 3) evaluate student achievement; 4) evaluate the program. Instruction-based assessment can measure not only student learning outcomes, but must be able to measure how well students understand mathematical concepts so that they can be used in everyday life. This study uses literature analysis and produces several instruments that can be used as a reference by educators in teaching mathematics to students. In general, the implementation of the assessment is important in the learning process. A good assessment is an assessment that not only measures learning outcomes, but also requires revision of the teaching design itself. Classification or classification of assessments in the field of education is very diverse. This very diversity is due to the different points of view in doing these classifications. In this case, the classification of the assessment in question is formative and summative assessment. Specifically in the field of mathematics, there is an Assessment Standard by the NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics) which states that assessment is the process of gathering evidence about students' knowledge, ability to use, and disposition towards mathematics and drawing conclusions from that evidence for various purposes.Keywords: Assessment, Mathematics, and NCTM

ANALYSIS OF STUDENT'S RATIONAL THINKING ABILITY IN A CAREER PERSPECTIVE IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS (STEM)

The ability to think rationally is the ability that a person has based on real events so that he is able to solve problems with a reasonable mindset that can be accepted by reason. The STEM approach is an approach that combines four fields of science, namely Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics which is interesting to apply in science learning, which is able to provide experience and lead to career fields. This study aims to determine the students' rational thinking skills towards the career perspective of the STEM field. The research method used is a qualitative method with the type or design of naturalistic research. Data were collected by observation, documentation and in-depth interviews (In Depth Interview) which were conducted on 7 selected informants. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using the Miles & Huberman model which consists of three stages, namely 1) Data Reduction 2) Data Presentation 3) And Drawing Conclusions, research analysis is assisted by Nvivo12 Software for the coding process to determine the category of rational thinking skills and answers that according to the interview. Based on the results of data analysis shows that students have a tendency to be creative in processing a product with the ability to imagine and the ability to imagine that applies the ability to imagine and imagine. Students have a tendency to have a career in the fields of Science, Engineering and Technology so that students have the desire to have a career in the biotechnoplaner field.

The Marriage of Sierpiński Triangles and Platonic Polyhedra

AbstractFractal structures with self‐similarity are of fundamental importance in the fields of aesthetic, chemistry and mathematics. Here, by taking advantage of constructs the rational geometry‐directed precursor design, we report the construction of two fascinating Platonic solids, the Sierpiński tetrahedron ST‐T and the Sierpiński octahedron ST‐O, in which each possesses a fractal Sierpiński triangle on their independent faces. These two discrete complexes are formed in near‐quantitative yield from the multi‐component self‐assembly of truncated Sierpiński triangular kernel L1 with tribenzotriquinacene‐based hexatopic and anthracene‐based tetratopic terpyridine ligands (L3 and L4) in the presence of metal ions, respectively. The enhanced stabilities of the 3D discrete structures were investigated by gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2). This work provides new constructs for the imitation of complex virus assemblies and for the molecular encapsulation of giant guest molecules.

The Marriage of Sierpiński Triangles and Platonic Polyhedra.

Fractal structures with self-similarity are of fundamental importance in the fields of aesthetic, chemistry and mathematics. Here, by taking advantage of constructs the rational geometry-directed precursor design, we report the construction of two fascinating Platonic solids, the Sierpiński tetrahedron ST-T and the Sierpiński octahedron ST-O, in which each possesses a fractal Sierpiński triangle on their independent faces. These two discrete complexes are formed in near-quantitative yield from the multi-component self-assembly of truncated Sierpiński triangular kernel L1 with tribenzotriquinacene-based hexatopic and anthracene-based tetratopic terpyridine ligands (L3 and L4 ) in the presence of metal ions, respectively. The enhanced stabilities of the 3D discrete structures were investigated by gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2 ). This work provides new constructs for the imitation of complex virus assemblies and for the molecular encapsulation of giant guest molecules.

Analisis Persepsi Kebutuhan Guru SMA dalam Mengimplementasikan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terintegrasi Budaya Lokal

The problem faced by secondary education is the low ability in 3 fields, namely mathematics, science, and literacy. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate a project-based learning (PjBL) model integrated with local culture. The PjBL learning model can collaborate on several abilities of students, namely abilities in the fields of science, mathematics, and literacy simultaneously. Local culture is carried out to raise local wisdom in learning. This study aims to analyze the needs of high school physics teachers in developing an integrated project-based learning (PjBL) model for local culture. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Research data were collected through interviews and observations. The interview was conducted by a high school physics teacher in the Depok area. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the project-based learning (PjBL) model integrated with local culture needs to be applied in physics learning in high schools in the Depok region. Teachers also need training on the application of the project-based learning (PjBL) model integrated with local culture to improve the quality of physics learning models in schools.

Refined Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities and Some Norm Inequalities

It is well known that the Hermite–Hadamard inequality (called the HH inequality) refines the definition of convexity of function f(x) defined on [a,b] by using the integral of f(x) from a to b. There are many generalizations or refinements of HH inequality. Furthermore HH inequality has many applications to several fields of mathematics, including numerical analysis, functional analysis, and operator inequality. Recently, we gave several types of refined HH inequalities and obtained inequalities which were satisfied by weighted logarithmic means. In this article, we give an N-variable Hermite–Hadamard inequality and apply to some norm inequalities under certain conditions. As applications, we obtain several inequalities which are satisfied by means defined by symmetry. Finally, we obtain detailed integral values.

Assessing the demographics of the 2021 and 2022 CEDAR workshop

The Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) community is made of engineers, scientists, physicists, and students with a mission to understand the fundamental properties and predictability of the space-atmosphere interaction region, including the mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and inner magnetosphere. At the 2020 CEDAR annual workshop, community-wide feedback received on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in CEDAR warranted a grassroots effort focused on addressing the DEI issues raised. This led to the creation of the CEDAR DEI task force, whose goals were to 1) Assess and formalize DEI efforts in CEDAR; 2) Establish and normalize a DEI presence in the CEDAR community; and 3) Foster improvement in CEDAR through implementation of actionable initiatives that promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. Of these actionable items collecting demographic information on those participating in the Annual CEDAR Workshop was identified as the top priority. This paper therefore, reports the demographic information obtained from CEDAR registrants for the virtual workshop in 2021 and in-person workshop in 2022. In general, the demographics of CEDAR are consistent with those in broader science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, that is, most participants identify as male, White, and or Asian/Middle Eastern. On average, women and historically underrepresented races and ethnicities in STEM fields make up roughly 30% and 10%, respectively, of all 2021 and 2022 CEDAR Workshop registrants over the past 2 years. We further discuss the demographics of CEDAR relative to reports published in recent years by other organizations, where possible.

A bibliometric analysis of the global landscape on STEM education (2004-2021): towards global distribution, subject integration, and research trends

Purpose This study aims to provide a comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis of the literature in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education over the past 15 years, with a specific focus on global distribution and research trends. Design/methodology/approach This study collected 1,718 documents from the Web of Science (WOS) database and analyzed their timeline distribution, geographical distribution, research topics, subject areas, learning stages and citation burst using a bibliometric approach with VOSviewer and Citespace. Findings Results indicated that: overall, STEM education has increasingly gained scholarly attention and is developing diversely by emphasizing interdisciplinary, cross-domain and regional collaboration. In terms of global collaboration, a collaborative network with the USA in the center is gradually expanding to a global scope. In terms of research themes, four key topics can be outlined including educational equity, pedagogy, empirical effects and career development. Social, cultural and economic factors influence the way STEM education is implemented across different countries. The developed Western countries highlighted educational equity and disciplinary integration, while the developing countries tend to focus more on pedagogical practices. As for research trends, eastern countries are emphasizing humanistic leadership and cultural integration in STEM education; in terms of teachers’ professional development, teachers’ abilities of interdisciplinary integration, technology adoption and pedagogy application are of the greatest importance. With regards to pedagogy, the main focus is for developing students’ higher-order abilities. In terms of education equity, issues of gender and ethnicity were still the hottest topics, while the unbalanced development of STEM education across regions needs further research. Originality/value This study provides a global landscape of STEM education along the timeline, which illustrates the yearly progressive development of STEM education and indicates the future trends.