Field Force Research Articles

Large-Scale Group Decision Making with Dual Feedback from Community Residents Based on the Organizational Invisible Field

In China, communities function as grassroots self-governing bodies, and the enhancement of public participation in community governance has remained a central focus of study. This paper applies the Large-Scale Group Decision-Making (LSGDM) method to the process of community self-governance and proposes a dual feedback group consensus decision-making model that takes into account the unique social relations among residents. Firstly, the concept of the Organizational Invisible Field—formed in communities by intangible social capital such as positional power and interpersonal relationships within the organization—is introduced. The definition of Invisible Field Force is utilized to measure the influence of these forms of capital on social relationships. Subsequently, drawing on field dynamic theory, the process by which residents’ preferences within the organization are shaped by the action of Invisible Field Force is explored. Secondly, acknowledging that invisible relationships can be affected by dynamic interactions during the decision-making process, the Invisible Field Force change model is constructed. Building on this, a dual feedback consensus coordination mechanism—encompassing both in-organization members and all residents—is designed. Finally, the validity and utility of the model are verified through case studies and sensitivity analyses.

Desolvation Effect Triggered by TiS2‐TiO2 Heterostructure for Ultrahigh‐Rate Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

AbstractAqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) represent a promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage and conversion systems due to their high safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, sluggish kinetics arising from interface desolvation processes pose challenges in achieving high‐power density and long cycle life for AZIBs. Here, it is discovered for the first time that heterostructures utilize built‐in electric field forces to promote the desolvation process at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and structural characterization demonstrate that heterogeneous structures simultaneously accelerate the desolvation process and enhance ion diffusion, resulting in the outstanding rate performance (160.9 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) of TiS2‐TiO2 heterostructures, far exceeding that of a conventional TiS2 electrode with 14.2% capacity retention. Meanwhile, the insertion/extraction of the desolvated charge carriers reduced the volume change of TiS2‐TiO2 material during the charging/discharging processes, enabling the long‐lasting cycling stability (108.6 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). This study provides instructive electrode design strategies for the construction of fast‐charging electrochemical energy storage systems.

Molecular dynamics insights into electric Field-Induced heterogeneous ice nucleation

In this study, molecular dynamics simulations on the LAMMPS platform were used to investigate heterogeneous ice nucleation of water molecules based on the TIP4P/Ice-Water molecular model. We have developed a method for calculating electric field force for the TIP4P model, revealing distinct outcomes in the absence and presence of an electric field. In the absence of the electric field, both single and mixed ice structures are observed as final states. In contrast, the introduction of an electric field exclusively leads to the formation of a single ice structure, effectively reducing the energy barrier associated with heterogeneous nucleation. Importantly, this study highlights the significant impact of the electric field, resulting in the controlled formation of a specific ice structure and a pronounced reduction in the energy barrier for non-homogeneous nucleation. These findings provide valuable insights for the freezing industry, offering theoretical guidance for optimizing the freezing process. The developed method for electric field force calculation, specifically tailored to the TIP4P water molecule model, contributes to advancing our understanding of the complex dynamics in ice nucleation and holds promise for practical applications in controlled freezing environments.

Emphasizing the innovation of urological robotic-assisted surgical instruments and technology driven by new quality productivity forces

New quality productivity force is an advanced form of productive force that is innovation-driven, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. It aligns with the new development philosophy and represents an advanced state of productivity. Within the medical sphere, this concept is epitomized by the progressive evolution of surgical instruments and techniques. In recent years, the rapid development of new quality productivity forces in the medical field has generated significant anticipation for innovations in urological robotic surgery instruments and techniques. Advancements in domestically produced robotic surgery systems, remote robotic surgery, single-port robotic surgery, and pediatric-specific robotic surgery exemplify the critical application of new quality productivity forces in urology. The integration of artificial intelligence, haptic feedback technology, and sensory enhancement technologies has further enhanced the safety and precision of surgeries. Driven by these new quality productivity forces, the development of urological robotic surgery instruments and techniques has reached a new milestone, potentially setting a new gold standard for urological surgeries and providing patients with safer, more efficient, and personalized medical care. However, certain emerging technologies still face challenges in their application, necessitating further research and clinical validation.

Constrained Hamiltonian dynamics for electrons in magnetic field and additional forces besides the Lorentz force acting on electrons

Abstract We consider the forces acting on electrons in magnetic field including the constraints and a condition arising from quantum mechanics. The force is calculated as the electron mass, m e , multiplied by the total time-derivative of the velocity field evaluated using the quantum mechanical many-electron wave function. The velocity field includes a term of the Berry connection from the many-body wave function; thereby, quantum mechanical effects are included. It is shown that additional important forces besides the Lorentz force exist; they include the gradient of the electron velocity field kinetic energy, the gradient of the chemical potential, and the ‘force’ for producing topologically protected loop currents. These additional forces are shown to be important in superconductivity, electric current in metallic wires, and charging of capacitors.

Eliminating interface shielding effect endowed by piezoelectric polarization in S-scheme heterojunction for high-efficiency H2 evolution

Eliminating the interface shielding effect within step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions which can attenuate the separation driving force of built-in electric field plays a vital role in enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Herein, an extra driving force induced by piezoelectric field is introduced to mitigate such predicament in S-scheme, thereby facilitating the charge separation. Specifically, the piezoelectric CuInS2-BiFeO3 S-scheme heterojunction which with powerful piezoelectric field endowed by the piezoelectric BiFeO3 is constructed via a facile electrostatic self-assembly strategy and served as the touchstone to verify that hypothesis. The direction of built-in field between the heterojunction interface that is orienting from CuInS2 to BiFeO3 has been confirmed by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Furthermore, the obviously piezo-field at the interface of CuInS2-BiFeO3 which can tilt energy band to enhance the built-in field under external force is also revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy. Consequently, benefiting from the highly-efficient charge separation offered by the synergy of piezoelectric field and S-scheme built-in electric field, a remarkably H2 production rate of 1465.1 µmol/g is achieved under simultaneous visible light and ultrasonic vibration irradiation. This work sheds light on the role of external field in enhancing the efficient separation of carriers in S-scheme heterojunctions.

Corrosion resistance and forming mechanism of phytic acid conversion film on copper foil prepared by electrolysis

In this paper, the phytic acid conversion film was prepared on copper foil by electrolysis for the first time. Its morphology and chemical composition were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR and XPS, and its corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemistry. Finally, the formation mechanism of the phytic acid conversion film on the surface of copper foil and its corrosion resistance mechanism were revealed by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the phytic acid conversion film on the surface of copper foil prepared by electrolysis is uniform and dense. The electrochemical impedance value of copper foil in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution increased from 3956 Ω·cm2 to 24828 Ω·cm2 after the preparation of phytic acid conversion film, and the protection efficiency reached 91 %. During the electrolysis process, copper atoms are oxidized into copper ions, which can be coordinated with phytate ions to form negatively charged complexes. Under the action of electric field force, these complexes move toward the anode copper foil, and finally adsorbed on the surface of the anode copper foil to form phytic acid conversion film. The molecular dynamics show that the adsorption configuration of the phytic acid molecule on Cu(111) surface changed from perpendicular to parallel, and the binding energy increased from 234.87 kJ/mol to 354.23 kJ/mol after applying an electric field, Therefore, the phytic acid conversion film prepared on the surface of copper foil by electrolysis has good corrosion resistance. This study provides a new method for the rapid preparation of phytic acid conversion film with excellent performance on metal surface.

Effect of baffles on internal flow characteristics of double-inhalation centrifugal pumps under low flow conditions

In order to investigate the impact of baffles in the inhalation chamber on the external characteristics and operational stability of a double inhalation centrifugal pump under low flow conditions, the flow field simulation software ANSYS CFX and the shear stress transport formulation were employed to numerically simulate the internal flow field of a double inhalation centrifugal pump with and without baffles. Two models were subjected to performance curve simulation and prediction, with the internal flow field, pressure pulsation, and impeller force of the two models being compared and analyzed under three small flow conditions of 0.6Qd (rated flow), 0.5Qd, and 0.4Qd. The velocity and vortex distribution inside the semi-spiral inhalation chamber, as well as their impact on the flow state in front of and inside the impeller, were analyzed. Research has demonstrated that the addition of baffles can enhance the pump head and efficiency in flow conditions of 0.5Qd–0.8Qd. However, there is a tendency for obstruction of flow in conditions below 0.5Qd. Baffles can reduce the amplitude of pressure pulsation within the impeller and the radial force exerted by the impeller as a whole. Consequently, the incorporation of baffles within the inhalation chamber during flow conditions of 0.5Qd–0.8Qd can enhance the operational efficacy of the pump. Nevertheless, within the flow range of <0.5Qd, the pump's performance will decline. This study serves as a foundation for the design of double inhalation centrifugal pumps with semi-spiral inhalation chambers.

In-capillary magnetic separation and enrichment coupled with laser-induced fluorescence for rapid determination of biomolecules

Biomolecules are indispensable in the life activities and metabolism of various organisms, and their highly sensitive detection is of great significance for disease diagnosis and food safety. Due to the complexity of the matrix and the low concentration of the target, separation and enrichment of biomolecules prior to detection are necessary and time-consuming. Herein, a novel approach combining in-capillary magnetic separation and enrichment with laser-induced fluorescence detection method was proposed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomolecules. Two different sequence aptamers modified with magnetic nanoparticles and labeled with fluorescence were used as capture probes and signal probes to form sandwich structures with target molecules for detection. Under the combined influence of magnetic field force and fluid drag force, the integration of separation, enrichment and on-line detection were finished within 5min. Under optimal conditions, the developed method provided a low limit of detection as 2.7 fmol/L, 0.57 nmol/L, 3 CFU/mL for DNA, thrombin and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. This proposed method offers a promising platform for the sensitive and rapid determination of biomolecules. It holds significant potential for future applications in fields of environmental and biochemical analysis.

중국공산당의 대국민당전략과 실천(1945-1946)

This article sought to reveal whether the Chinese Communist Party at the time truly intended to achieve the communist revolution it hoped for through peace and negotiation through a review of the political negotiation process within China after the victory in the Anti-Japanese War and the Chinese Communist Party’s preparations for civil war. Mao Zedong’s theory of coalition government was to build a new China by establishing a formal government that included representatives of all parties and factions, as well as independent and non-party factions. The coalition government theory was supported by various political parties and organizations because it went far beyond national-public cooperation in terms of government composition. While Mao Zedong was holding talks in Chongqing at Chiang Kai-shek’s request, the Communist Party leadership in Yan'an was accelerating preparations for civil war. The Chinese Communist Party Army established the strategic policy of “Northward Development and Southern Defense”(向北發展 向南防禦) to disrupt the monopoly of the Nationalist Government Army in the Manchuria region and prevent the Chinese Communist Party Army's individual defeat in the southern Huazhong region. In addition, the units were expanded through the creation of field corps and field forces, and from an operational perspective, an attempt was made to transition from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare. In particular, the reinforcement of 300,000 troops in Manchuria, who were acquired from the Soviet Army and equipped with new Japanese weapons and heavy equipment, immediately raised the military power of the Chinese Communist Party to the next level. In this way, the Chinese Communist Party demonstrated its willingness to negotiate externally by promoting the theory of a coalition government, while internally it was gradually narrowing the gap in military power with the Nationalist government army by strengthening its military power.

Nonlinear wave model of towed system and numerical method for its calculation

Towed systems have found wide practical applications. Notable underwater systems for the long-distance extraction of minerals (concretions) from the ocean floor extend over 5-10 km. The existing mathematical models for solving dynamic problems of such systems in various environments are not entirely accurate regarding the diversity of wave processes. This necessitates the development of refined wave models. This article presents a new quasi-linear mathematical model describing the nonlinear four-mode dynamics of a towed system in a spatially inhomogeneous field of mass and surface forces. It is described by a nonlinear system of twelve first-order partial differential equations. The principles of boundedness and hyperbolicity are satisfied. The validation of the two-mode reduction of the model is based on the numerical solution of the problem of the propagation of two waves: longitudinal and configurational. Using a numerical algorithm and a program based on the finite difference method, a comparison of two difference schemes – Crank-Nicolson and Euler – was conducted. The main limitations for applying the finite difference method used for numerical modeling of wave propagation and reflection in a towed system are the peculiarities of the defining quasi-linear equations, which are related to the necessity of simultaneous computation of variables responsible for fast and slow processes. For such systems of equations, the term "singularly perturbed system of equations" is used. These perturbations result from the significant differences in the propagation speeds of longitudinal and configurational waves at the physical level. Consequently, it is necessary to employ special time-stepping regularization and filtering methods for numerical results. This imposes certain restrictions on the ability to model real processes and on the accuracy of the obtained results, necessitating the use of implicit difference schemes and high-frequency filtering.

Analysis of the motion and deformation of water-in-oil emulsion droplets under the action of an electric field

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the aggregation dynamics of water-in-oil emulsion droplets under an electric field, and to analyze the effects of electric field strength, type, droplet position, and ionic concentration on their kinematic properties. The best droplet aggregation is observed at E=0.03V/Å for DC field condition, and E=0.045V/Å - 80ps for rectangular AC field condition. The rectangular alternating current (AC) field is able to merge the droplets farther away from the center of mass, but the two fields are not able to merge when the angle between the center of mass of the droplets and the electric field force is ≥35.54°. For different ion concentrations, t40N < t20N < t60N < t0N in the DC field and t20N < t40N < t0N < t60N in the rectangular AC field, and for the same ion concentration, the rectangular AC field takes longer time to merge.

Improving the Quality of Heat Treatment Using Microwave Heating of Products with a Complex Profile of Hardened Surfaces

The current article provides the results of the study on the improving the procedure of induction heating of products with a curvilinear surface profile by hardening of steam turbine blades surface with a complex helical shape and requiring protection against erosive wear [9, 10] using a universal microwave heating device. A principally new device that uses the effect of the magnetic field's force action has been developed and constructed. That makes possible to provide a high-quality strengthening of product surfaces regardless of their geometric configuration and size. The advantages of thermal treatment technology on such device are substantiated based on the results of metallographic, X-ray structural, and hardness analysis.

Quantitative Investigation of Parallel Interactions Between Charged Particles

On the premise that the charged particle is a normal geometry model, an expression of the migration current, displacement current and magnetic induction intensity generated by the charged particle motion is deduced according to the microscopic definition of current intensity, the total current law and the Biot-Savart law. Further calculate the electric field force between two charged particles in vacuum, give the velocity constraint relationship and velocity value criterion of the electric and magnetic field forces, and compare the consistency with the correlation results obtained considering the relativistic effect. It is pointed out that the magnetic field force is comparable to the electric field force only when the charged particle moves near the speed of light.

Characteristics of soil pore structure response to electric field strength and their effects on Cr(VI) removal from a historically chromium-contaminated soil

The characteristics of soil pore structure response to electric field strength and their effects on the migration of hexavalent chromium during electrokinetic remediation remain unclear. This paper investigates the effects of soil actual voltage and pore redistribution on hexavalent chromium removal under various voltage gradients during electrokinetic remediation. The electric field across the soil was the dominant factor that affected the soil properties, pore structure, and transportation of hexavalent chromium. The removal efficiency of dissolved hexavalent chromium was significantly enhanced from 36.1 % to 80.5 % as the theoretical voltage gradients increased from 0.5 V·cm−1 to 3 V·cm−1 due to the highest voltage proportion (52.7 %) of the soil chamber at 3 V·cm−1, while it only increased to 82.0 % at 4 V·cm−1. The optimal actual electric field strength of 1.00–1.50 V·cm−1 across the soil matrix facilitated the efficient electromigration of hexavalent chromium. The electric field force exerted a direct (0.70) or indirect action intensity (1.55) on soil pore structure by altering soil chemical properties. Soil mesopores and ultra-micropores transformed into micropores through collapsing, shrinking, ion migration, weakening electrostatic repulsion, and enhancing adhesive bonding among particles with increasing electric field. The distribution and structure of soil pores were more homogenous under optimal electric field conditions, thereby improving the migration path of hexavalent chromium. Soil mesopores facilitated hexavalent chromium removal and the formed micropores were opposite. These findings have significant scientific and practical implications for applying the in-situ electrokinetic techniques in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils.

Numerical simulation of He atmospheric pressure plasma jet impinging on the tilted dielectric surface

The target surface to be treated in reality is often not smooth and horizontal and may also be in different tilting angles. The treatment of the tilted dielectric surface by the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) undoubtedly increases the complexity of surface modification. Therefore, a two-dimensional fluid model is established to reveal the internal mechanism of the interaction between the He APPJ and the tilted dielectric surface by means of numerical simulation. The distribution of the gas flow in a small angular range (0°, 3°, 5°, 8°, 10°, and 15°) is studied. In addition, the effects of the tilt angle on the jet morphology, discharge dynamic properties, and species distribution of the He APPJ are emphatically discussed. It is found that the jet morphology and parameters are no longer symmetrical under the tilted surface. With the increase in the tilt angle, the enhanced electric field in the upper surface region leads to the increase in the ionization rate and electron density here, and also accelerates the propagation speed of the jet to the dielectric surface in the atmospheric environment. Driven by the electric field force, the jet is closer to the dielectric surface, resulting in a decrease in the thickness of the cathode sheath and an increase in the surface charge density in the area to the right of the central axis. The influence of the gas flow structure leads to the shortening of the jet development distance and a decrease in the jet velocity on the upper surface. N and O also form higher fluxes on the upper surface due to the increase in the electron density.

Steric hindrance and orientation polarization by a zwitterionic additive to stabilize zinc metal anodes

AbstractZinc metal stands out as a promising anode material due to its exceptional theoretical capacity, impressive energy density, and low redox potential. However, challenges such as zinc dendrite growth, anode corrosion, and side reactions in aqueous electrolytes significantly impede the practical application of zinc metal anodes. Herein, 3‐(1‐pyridinio)‐1‐propanesulfonate (PPS) is introduced as a zwitterionic additive to achieve long‐term and highly reversible Zn plating/stripping. Due to the orientation polarization with the force of electric field, PPS additive with π–π conjugated pyridinio cations and strong coordination ability of sulfonate anion tends to generate a dynamic adsorption layer and build a unique water–poor interface. PPS with steric hindrance effect and strong coordination ability can attract solvated Zn2+, thereby promoting the desolvation process. Moreover, by providing a large number of nucleation sites and inducing zinc ion flow, the preferred orientation of the (002) crystal plane can be achieved. Therefore, the interfacial electrochemical reduction kinetics is regulated and uniform zinc deposition is ensured. Owing to these advantages, the Zn//Zn symmetrical cell with PPS additive exhibits remarkable cycling stability exceeding 2340 h (1 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2). The Zn//V2O5 full cell also delivers stable cycling for up to 6000 cycles.

Mechanism analysis of enhanced desulfurization of pulverized coal through high-gradient magnetic separation with microwave radiation

Dry high gradient magnetic separation technology is a low-carbon green technology. It can be embedded in a power plant to remove coal pyrite with a high-efficiency magnetic separator and remarkable magnetic properties difference between coal pyrite and coal matrix. This study selected the microwave radiation method to improve the magnetic properties difference and carried out a desulfurization experiment with a self-developed high-gradient permanent magnetic separator using the tapered iron auxiliary magnetic pole. The results demonstrate that the pyrite content and specific magnetic susceptibility increase with the decrease in particle size. The desulfurization rate did not change significantly at 25 °C. The coal sample began to appear in the thermal reaction at 450 °C, and the pyrite can become a strong magnetic property pyrrhotite. The desulfurization rate can achieve 58.70 % at 700 °C, and is equivalent to the wet washing index, due to the supply of high magnetic field force. The dynamic characteristic response of magnetic particles becomes more obvious with short time adsorption, and the probability of carrying non-magnetic particles is reduced. This study demonstrates that the high-gradient magnetic separation technology of pulverized coal enhanced by microwave irradiation is feasible.

Experimental and numerical study on a multilayer magnetic field rotary eddy current inertial damper

To improve the output damping force of the eddy current damper, a multilayer magnetic field rotary eddy current inertial damper (MMF-RECID) is proposed. The MMF-RECID is an inerter-based eddy current damper. A prototype device of the MMF-RECID is manufactured and tested, and its mechanical properties are systematically investigated. Firstly, the configuration of the MMF-RECID is described, and the calculation formulas of the axial force are derived. Secondly, an MMF-RECID prototype is designed and fabricated, and the apparent mass and energy dissipation performance under recycled axial loading are investigated. Three-dimensional transient numerical simulations of eddy current damping are conducted using the ANSYS Electronics Desktop. The results show that the eddy current damping force exhibits velocity nonlinearity, and the test results are consistent with the simulation results. Next, the study focuses on parameters influencing the maximum eddy current damping torque generated by the copper plate and the corresponding critical rotating speed. These parameters encompass the number and size of the magnets, the thickness of the copper plate, and the air gap. Finally, the earthquake-reduction effect of a six-degree-of-freedom structure equipped with MMF-RECID is analyzed. This study demonstrates that the ball screw system of MMF-RECID achieves a multiplicative effect of apparent mass and eddy current damping force, the eddy current damping force of a multi-layer magnetic field versus a single-layer magnetic field conforms to the law of linear superposition, and the hysteresis curves are stable. The eddy current damping torque can be improved by increasing the number and size of the magnets, and decreasing the air gap. The thickness of the copper plate significantly affects both the maximum damping torque and the critical speed, and the optimal thickness range is between 2 mm and 4 mm.

Relationship between microstructure and dielectric/thermal management properties of biomass ramie fiber and its applications in recyclable wave-transparent composites

Industrial fiber crops are increasingly utilized in functional composites as substitutes for conventional fibers, aiming to address the limited microwave transmittance (MWT) and thermal conductivity (λ) of commercial glass fiber-reinforced composites (D-GFRC), which significantly reduce the service life of communication equipment shells and result in substantial waste pollution. Ramie fiber-reinforced composite (RFRC) possesses good dielectric/thermal management properties attributed to distinctive microstructure. However, the uncontrollable microstructure and unclear structure-property relationship of ramie fiber hinder its application in communication composites. Herein, the microstructures of ramie fiber, including aggregation and micro/nanopores structures, were successfully manipulated by coupling physical fields (temperature and force fields) with the guidance of molecular simulation. Subsequently, a clear relationship between microstructure and dielectric/thermal management properties was established. Moreover, leveraging this relationship, the performance of RFRC was optimized through coupled physical fields. Specifically, the MWT of RFRC reaches an impressive 95.9 %, and the λ is enhanced by 140 % compared to that of D-GFRC. Importantly, RFRC waste can be completely transformed into functional particles, thereby achieving a closed-loop utilization. This research strategy offers valuable insights into the regulation of microstructures and the development of recyclable wave-transparent composites derived from industrial crops.