Field In Indonesia Research Articles

Design Smart Farming in Rice Field for Monitoring Soil Fertility and Pest Rate Using Internet of Things

Rice fields in Indonesia have a strategic role in providing food for the Indonesian population. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that domestic rice consumption also continues to increase, 98.35% of households in Indonesia consume rice. There are many influencing factors for production rice such as pest, climate change. The aim to optimize rice production by monitoring soil moisture and soil pH and adding protection features to detect rat pests. This tool was built using an Internet of Things-based system integration method, where the system output can be monitored on the blynk and email applications for the reading history of rat pests if they are caught on camera. The results obtained from the system are Soil moisture sensor readings have a system accuracy of 99% with an error value of 0.01. And the pH sensor reading has an accuracy of 99% with an error of 0.015. The most optimal PIR sensor reading is 1 meter and this data is sent simultaneously with the camera sensor via email. Monitoring data on rice agricultural land by adding rat pest protection features, as well as historical data can be captured wellcan provide a strong basis for the development of more effective and sustainable.

Developing and Testing a Portable Soil Nutrient Detector in Irrigated and Rainfed Paddy Soils from Java, Indonesia

Data on the soil nutrient content are required to calculate fertilizer rate recommendations. The soil laboratory determines these soil properties, yet the measurement is time-consuming and costly. Meanwhile, portable devices to assess the soil nutrient content in real-time are limited. However, a proprietary and low-cost NPK sensor is available and commonly used in IoT for agriculture. This study aimed to assemble and test a portable, NPK sensor-based device in irrigated and rainfed paddy soils from Java, Indonesia. The device development followed a prototyping approach. The device building included market surveys and opted for an inexpensive, light, and compact soil sensor, power storage, monitor, and wire connectors. Arduino programming language was used to write scripts for data display and sub-device communication. The result is a real-time, portable soil nutrient detector that measures the soil temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, and N, P, and K contents. Field tests show that the device is sensitive to soil properties and location. The portable soil nutrient detector may be an alternative tool for the real-time measurement of soil nutrients in paddy fields in Indonesia.

Remote Water Quality Monitoring System In Shrimp Ponds With Photovoltaic (PV)-Based Energy Source

Introduction: Shrimp has great potential to be used as a business field in Indonesia. Especially in Parigi Regency itself, there are now many shrimp ponds that can be found because of the benefits obtained, so people are interested in making shrimp farming a livelihood. One of the main problems of shrimp ponds is pond water quality. There are several factors that affect pond water quality, namely water temperature, water pH, and water salinity, good pond water quality management can maintain quality standards and can increase shrimp yield and productivity Method: To facilitate the shrimp farmers, innovations need to be made in order to help the shrimp farmers manage their shrimp ponds, therefore using a remote water quality monitoring was system in shrimp ponds with photovoltaic (PV) based energy sources is expected to be an innovation in managing shrimp ponds, especially in monitoring water quality in shrimp ponds. The monitoring system designed using the NRF24L01 module as a remote communication module, at the research location the distance from the shrimp pond to the house is approximately 100 meters, so the tools that have been designed can facilitate shrimp farmers to monitor the shrimp pond Results and Disscussion: The results of testing the DS18B20 temperature sensor compared with a digital thermometer measuring instrument get an average error of 0.014%. The test results of the pH sensor compared to the pH meter get an average error of 0.026%. TDS sensor test results compared with the TDS meter get an average error of 0.04%. Conclusion: The temperature, pH, and salinity monitoring system uses transmitter and receiver modules, where the transmitter module reads and sends data to the receiver module wirelessly with NRF24L01. Using DS18B20 temperature, pH, and TDS sensors, as well as energy from photovoltaics, this system helps shrimp farmers monitor pond water quality remotely.

Conceptualizing Living Qur’an and Hadith

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of the Qur’an and hadith beyond the emphasize on the texts, in particular, among the students and scholars of both fields in Indonesia. Terms related to these studies such as living Qur’an and hadith emerge. A few of the Qur’an and hadith scholars attempt to discuss the detailed meanings and usages of the terms. Furthermore, many of them try to implement these terms in their studies. However, the elaborations related to the origin of the living Qur’an and hadith terms, as well as their conceptualization are few. Thus, this study aims to review previous literature, discuss the origin of the living Qur’an and hadith terms, and develop the conceptualization of these terms

Adaptation test of rainfed rice fields highland in Jambi Indonesia

Abstract Increasing national rice productivity can be achieved by optimizing existing resources, including rainfed rice fields in highlands areas. Rainfed rice fields in Indonesia are quite diverse in agroecosystem conditions, ranging from lowlands to highlands. Indonesia has the potential for highlands that can be planted with rice to support national rice production. The high variety of biophysical, edaphic, and biotic conditions of the main agroecological areas of rice cultivation makes it difficult to obtain varieties that can grow well in all types of agroecosystems. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential yield and adaptability of rice hope strains to anaerobic germination conditions in rainfed land and highland rainfed rice strains. Ten rice strains and two reference varieties from The Indonesian Centre for Rice Research Sukamandi in West Java were tested in 2021, with four repetitions. The area of each plot of 4 x 5 m was carried out on rainfed rice fields in Kerinci regency with an altitude of 788.5 meters above sea level and a Sungai Penuh regency of 795 meters above sea level. Observations were made of vegetative, generative parameters of plants, as well as temperature and humidity. Results showed that the strains with the highest production and medium harvest age had good observational agronomic parameters, namely in strains B15617E-4-MR-3, BP29337-2-CRB-0-SKI-0-7-PWK-1-SKI-3-3, and BP19980-JK-2-IND-2-SKI-0-PWK-1-SKI-5-1.

Impacts of rainfall and rainfall anomalies on the population dynamics of rodents in southeast Asian rice fields.

The mechanisms that regulate multi-annual population dynamics of rodent pest species of cereal crops is often unknown. Better knowledge of such aspects can aid pest management and in turn improve food security and human health. The patterns and processes of the population dynamics of Rattus argentiventer, in rice fields of Indonesia, and Rattus tanezumi, in rice fields of the Philippines were assessed in this article. The meta-analysis of trapping data over 20 years in Indonesia, and 16 years in the Philippines indicated that rodent populations in rice fields did not show a regular multi-annual pattern. Rattus argentiventer populations in Indonesia responded to less rainfall from the current year. Rattus tanezumi populations in the Philippines responded positively to both rainfall and rainfall anomaly with a 1-year time lag. Our study of long-term population data indicates that certain combinations of rainfall parameters could be useful to predict years when there is higher rodent abundance in rice fields. The key rodent pest species in rice fields in Indonesia (R. argentiventer) and the Philippines (R. tanezumi) differ, and the populations of each species respond differently to rainfall anomalies. Other factors such as crop cover and water availability may also be important and should be considered in future work. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF DISPUTED LAND DEED OFFICIALS IN THE BANKRUPTCY ESTATE BY THE CURATOR IN RELATION TO THE PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE

Bankruptcy occurs when a person or entity stops paying its overdue debts, leading to the management of their assets by a curator. The curator oversees and manages the bankruptcy estate. The problem of bankruptcy estate often arises due to the transfer deed issued by the Land Deed Official (PPAT) which is considered incorrect by the curator, resulting in the Land Deed Official being sued and creates uncertainty as well as injustice for the Land Deed Official. This research will examine how the land law system regulates land sale and purchase transactions in the agrarian field in Indonesia, which was previously regulated in Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration by applying a negative publication system with positive elements. This research applies empirical juridical research methods. The findings of this research identified that the legal system of land sales and purchases in Indonesia can lead to disputes in bankruptcy estates managed by curators, particularly concerning the principle of prudence. The Land Deed Official is responsible for errors or violations in the deeds they create but not for inaccuracies provided by the parties involved. If the parties provide false information, the responsibility lies with them, rather than with the Land Deed Official who only records the submitted information.

Optimization of superstructure network in the CCS/CCSU system for CO2 reduction from exhaust gas industry and gas field in Indonesia as archipelago state

Industrial exhaust gases and gas fields are two significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that contribute to the rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. Among the various emission reduction systems, the CCSU (Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization) system has garnered extensive attention and research. This research aims to obtain the superstructure network sequentially in the CCSU system using GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). A mathematical approach was developed to optimize the amount of CO2 stored and utilized by varying the time difference (dt) between the source and sink from 0 to 10 years. After calculating the economic potential (EP), it was found that the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) system for both sources has a negative impact. In contrast, the CCSU system enhances the economic potential (EP) by generating a positive value. This is possible as the captured CO2 can be sold to the utilization sink, thereby creating a revenue stream. The EP for CO2 reduction from gas fields is greater than that from the industry, 21.68 × 106 USD compared to 12.50 × 106 USD at dt min10 years. The CCSU system, when utilizing CO2 sources from gas fields, is more profitable compared to using industrial emissions.

The Indonesian version of volunteer functions inventory: Its validity and reliability

The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.

Corporate Criminal Liability As An Insurance Crime Perpetrator Based On Law Number 1 Of 2023 On Criminal Law

The Insurance Law and the Indonesian Penal Code regulate criminal acts such as fraud during agreements and insurance claims. However, prior to Law No. 1 of 2023, criminal liability applied only to individuals, not corporations. This specific law establishes corporate criminal liability in insurance matters, enabling prosecution against corporations and their executives. Cumulative criminal threats are challenging to impose on corporations as they apply to executives, not the corporation itself. This study is a normative legal investigation exploring regulations, principles, and legal norms, aiming to accurately comprehend corporate criminal liability in the insurance field in Indonesia. Insurance crimes in Indonesia before the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023, such as fraud during agreements and claims, were governed by Articles 381 and 382 of the Penal Code. Insurance Law No. 40 of 2014 covers ten articles encompassing insurance crimes, including operating without a license, document forgery, and misuse of confidential information. Articles 45-50 of Law No. 1 of 2023 establish corporations as subjects of criminal acts in insurance. Penal sanctions include fines and additional penalties, focusing on impact assessment and losses, governing a specific accountability system within insurance-related criminal acts.

Utilization azolla liquid organic fertilizer with goat manure to enhance organic okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) production

Azolla is found abundantly in rice fields in Indonesia, therefor potentially as a source of biological nitrogen derived from natural biological bodies that are renewable. The use of a combination liquid fertilizer from fermented azolla with goat manure which is used as a source of nutrients and to improve soil quality as an effort in developing and implementing sustainable agriculture in cultivation of okra plants, needs to be studied. Okra is a vegetable that has many benefits for health which can be consumed in fresh or processed form. This research was carried out on Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, from August to December 2022, using a randomsized block design with two factors, the first factor is azolla liquid organic fertilizer (75, 150, 225, and 300 ml/polybag) and the second factor is goat manure (0, 100, and 200 g/polybag). The application of 200 g/polybag goat manure with150 ml/polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer or 100 g/polybag goat manure application with 300 ml / polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer in okra plants can substitute the use of inorganic fertilizer for increased yield and environmental preservation.

Israeli democracy threatened under right‐wing extremists: A “native anthropologist's” perspective from 2023

AbstractThis narrative offers a personal and impressionistic account of a few major historical transformations of Israeli society seen through the lens of ethnographic observation. Anthropologists are trained to observe and analyze the “other”, whether individuals or groups, situated within the limited borders of space and time without judging their subjects' moral conduct in terms of their own ethical norms. That prescriptive guideline has been called into question in Geertz's iconic account of revisiting his old fields in Indonesia and Morocco, claiming that it was not only the ethnographer’s field sites that had changed but also the ethnographer himself and the discipline of anthropology. Geertz, one leading voice of anthropology, nevertheless adhered to “normative” ethnographic reporting. The present account is informed by the author's decades of ethnographic research, including, at a few critical moments, observations on the complex Israeli national saga. But—unlike my earlier ethnographic reports—the following captures the perspective and interpretations of the anthropologist as informant, that is, taking the role of an engaged Israeli. Note also that my political‐ideological orientation is considered as on the left of Israeli politics.

CH4 and N2O emissions and their potential control by rice biomass biochar: The case of continuously flooded paddy fields in Indonesia - A review

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the two most important greenhouse gases (GHG) from flooded paddy fields in Indonesia. This review aims to characterise CH4 and N2O emissions from flooded paddy fields by published data analysis and to examine the potential of biochar from rice straw (RSB) and rice husk (RHB) to mitigate the emissions in Indonesia. A comparison of various box-plot datasets of CH4 emissions showed that the different types of flooded paddy field soil cause varying amounts of CH4 emissions from various regions in Indonesia. Sequentially, CH4 emissions of flooded paddy fields from highest to lowest are Alluvial of Kalimantan and Sulawesi, Andisols of Java, Ultisols of Sumatra, Alfisols of Java and Bali and Inceptisols of Java and Bali, with a mean of 1062, 505, 446, 135 and 64 kg ha-1 season-1, respectively. The organic amendments application combined with chemical fertilisers is the principal driver of anthropogenic CH4 emissions from paddy fields. However, N chemical fertiliser application contributes only about 0.37% of the N2O flux, 0.69 kg ha-1 season-1. The produced biochar number was insufficient effectively to reduce CH4 and N2O emissions, at least 20 tonnes ha-1 year-1, in addition to the pyrolysis process to produce biochar, releasing CH4 emissions. Yet, with its recalcitrant properties and continuous application, RSB and RHB potentially reduce CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields.

Index and Sustainability Status of Agricultural Mechanization for Paddy Field in Indonesia

The use of agricultural machinery is one of the important factors in increasing agricultural production. A quantitative assessment of the agricultural mechanization index and its impact on agricultural production is needed in planning the development of agricultural mechanization nationally. This study aims to determine the value of the agricultural mechanization index which consists of the degree, level, and capacity of agricultural mechanization for tools and agricultural machinery for pre-harvest rice (2-wheel tractor, 4-wheel tractor, water pump, and rice transplanter). This research was conducted in several stages, namely collecting data, observing the working capacity of 3 units of machinery for each type of machinery, processing data and making agricultural mechanization index maps. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average value of the degree of agricultural mechanization for 2-wheel tractors, 4-wheel tractors, water pumps and rice transplanters was 56.68%, 55.13%, 10.55 % and 13.94%. The average value of mechanization level in Indonesia is 0.45 hp/ha and the average value of mechanization capacity for rice pre-harvest activities in Indonesia is 1.28 kW hour/ha. In addition, based on the results of the classification of mechanization level, cropping index and rice productivity, it can be seen that the provinces of East Java, Central Java, West Java, Banten, DI Yogyakarta and Aceh are provinces that are recommended to increase the number of agricultural machinery, especially 2-wheel tractors, 4-wheel tractors. water pump and rice transplanter.

The Use of Rice Harvest Residue as Soil Amendment for Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Acid Sulfate Soil

The area of rice fields in Indonesia decreased every year. Acid sulfate soil, which was sub-marginal land, had the potential to be converted into rice fields, but it needed improvement, one of which was by using organic materials as ameliorants. This research aimed to obtain the best composition of applying rice harvest residue as an ameliorant on acid sulfate soil in improving the growth and yield of rice. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of Panca Bhakti University Pontianak from January to April 2022. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of: p0: Control, p1: Rice straw = 40 gr/polybag, p2: Rice husk = 40 gr/polybag, p3: Rice husk charcoal = 40 gr/polybag, p4: Rice husk ash = 40 gr/polybag, p5: Rice straw + rice husk, p6: Rice straw + rice husk charcoal, p7: Rice straw + rice husk ash, p8: Rice husk + rice husk charcoal, p9: Rice husk + rice husk ash, p10: Rice husk charcoal + rice husk ash, with each material weighing 20 gr/polybag. The observation variables were plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, dry weight of grains per hill, and 100-grain weight. Analysis of variance used F-test and continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The application of rice harvest residue had a better effect on the growth and yield of rice than the treatment without the application of rice harvest residue. Treatment p6 had the best effect on the dry weight of grains per hill, which was 65.67 grams. Keywords: Acidic Sulfate Soils, Ameliorant, Rice, Rice husk charcoal, Straw

Scoping review of grief studies in Indonesia

Background: One death can cause nine bereavements. Considering the impact of human loss, studies on grief are crucial for better bereavement care services. Purpose: This study examined studies on grief conducted in Indonesia. Indonesian grief research mapping will identify study gaps and suggest further research. Methods: The reporting for a scoping review adhered to the PRISMA (preferred reporting elements for systematic review and meta-analysis) statement for a scoping review. A systematic screening was performed in MedLine, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, as well as manual searches via Google Scholar, Portal Garuda, and relevant studies without language and date restrictions. The data retrieved in the literature were analyzed descriptively, and the themes were developed using NVivo software. Results: Based on the 18 included studies, the types of grief studies in Indonesia can be divided into pre- and after-loss grief areas. Regarding the themes of the studies that have been conducted in Indonesia, five themes can be derived, related to (1) study purposes, (2) cause of grief, (3) population, (4) concept being studied, and (5) outcomes being studied. Conclusion: There is significant room for growth in the grief research field in Indonesia. It will be vital for researchers in Indonesia to perform additional studies on pre-loss grief, other studies connected to interventional trials, and further studies examining variation in the outcomes.

A Comparison of Economics and Attractiveness of Fiscal System in Several Southeast Asian Countries : A Case Study of Three Oil And Gas Field in Indonesia

The implementation of fiscal terms in the upstream oil and gas industry in a country is carried out with the hope of accelerating the decision-making process and making the attractiveness of upstream oil and gas investment more attractive to investors. This study evaluates fiscal terms in a country in a region used in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam to determine the attractiveness of the fiscal terms. Using several indicators of government take (GT), front loading index (FLI), and composite score (CS), the fiscal attractiveness ranking of five fiscal schemes will be analyzed so that investors can consider which fiscal scheme is most attractive for their investment. The results of the economic analysis based on the economic indicators of IRR, NPV, POT, and PI show that the newly developed onshore, existing onshore, and offshore gas fields are included in the investment feasibility criteria with attractive economic values when applied with all fiscal schemes. While the ranking results with GT, FLI, and CS indicators show that Indonesia's gross split PSC has an attractive attractiveness when applied to newly developed onshore fields, R/C PSC on existing onshore fields, and Thailand’s concessions on offshore gas fields.

Solar Enhanced Oil Recovery as the Solution to Enhance Oil and Gas Production for Mature Fields in Indonesia

Indonesia has a target of reducing 29% of GHG emissions by 2030 (NDC, 2022), reaching net-zero emissions in 2060 (LTS-LCCR, 2021), and obtaining 1 million BOPD oil production and 12 BSCFD gas production in 2030. Oil and gas companies have particular challenges to achieve the target in line with paying attention to national energy security despite the oil reserve and production declining since 1995 because of the maturity of the fields. In such a case, the enormous amount of remaining oil in place left by the primary and secondary production stages has led to the EOR method as the best way to improve oil production. In Indonesia's mature fields with specific reservoir conditions, steamflooding is currently a highly effective EOR method to increase oil production by 20–300% and reduce viscosity by up to 98%. However, the production of steam in huge quantities conventionally would require vast amounts of fossil fuel resources. Hence, replacing fossil fuel-derived steam with solar-derived steam would solve the twin problems of energy scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar EOR is a viable alternative to gas-fired steam production for the oil industry by using the sun's energy to generate steam. For designing the long-term Solar EOR, Ayman Solar Concentrator (ASC) technology on low-cost solar thermal energy storage will generate high-temperature steam for 24 hours all day by enabling the system to achieve higher temperatures with less mirror surface. The evaluation of annual energy output from the solar project's design could save more than 8,672,400 MMBTU/year of natural gas and cut the environmental footprint up to 1200 metric tonnes per day of net CO2 so that natural gas can be sold and allocated to various sectors. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows that solar EOR has the lowest operational. This technology's novelty is its low cost and ability to generate steam to supply it upon demand in Indonesia's ongoing steamflood project.

Inovasi Pelajar dan Penggunaan Sistem Teknologi Pendidikan Baru Setelah Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the use of a new online learning system by students in tertiary institutions, especially in Indonesia. The results of the research show that students' innovativeness has a positive influence on their willingness to use the system. In addition, learning interactions in a subject can increase student learning satisfaction. Innovation can also link between learning satisfaction, intention to use the system, and the expected impact of the system. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing policies, the new online learning system has become a necessary educational service. Although many universities have shifted back to in-person courses, online learning systems can be a meaningful complement to traditional learning methods. This study emphasizes the importance of students' innovativeness in adopting a new online learning system. Good interaction between instructors and students is also important to increase learning satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate that instructors and universities need to provide new opportunities to increase students' willingness and motivation to take online courses and interact in learning. However, keep in mind that this study has some limitations. The data used in this study is limited to students majoring in management and other fields in Indonesia. Furthermore, future research can broaden the scope by involving data from universities in other countries.
 Key words: Learner Innovation, Mixed Learning, Learning Interaction Education, Management Educational Innovation

The Sustainability Index and Other Stability Analyses for Evaluating Superior Fe-Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia. The combination of stability analysis on yields was considered accurate in selecting superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were as follows: identify the effects of genotypes, the environment, and their interactions (GEIs) on the yields of Fe-tolerant rice; select superior genotypes (stable and high yields) under diverse environment conditions in Indonesia; and determine the mega-environments (MEs) and representative environments for Fe-tolerant rice development. Fifteen genotypes of Fe-tolerant rice were used for this study. Field experiments were conducted at six experimental fields in Indonesia using a randomized block design with two replications. A combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of genotypes, the environment, and their interactions on Fe-tolerant rice yields. Parametric, non-parametric, AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction), GGE biplot, and SI (sustainability index) measurements were used to determine the superior genotypes. GGE biplot was also used to determine MEs and representative environments. The measurement results showed that genotypes, the environment, and their interactions significantly affected rice yields with contributions of 13.30%, 35.78%, and 50.92%, respectively. One superior Fe-tolerant rice genotype (stable and high yield) was selected based on all measurements, namely G4 (B14316E-KA-4). In this experiment, two MEs were generated. Lampung was identified as a representative environment for the development of superior genotypes. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in the release and development of new superior varieties of Fe-tolerant rice in Indonesia.