Field Trips Research Articles

Bonomyces pakistanensis (Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales), a new species from Pakistan

Based on morphological and molecular data, Bonomyces pakistanensis is described as a new species found in coniferous forests of Pakistan. Several collections of Bonomyces were made during mycological field trips conducted in different coniferous forests in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Detailed macro‐ and micro‐morphological descriptions and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data support B. pakistanensis as a new species of Bonomyces. It has a small‐sized basidiome, orange to yellowish pileus covered with fine to coarse fibrils, or minute squamules at earlier stage. Later on, the pileus becomes smooth. The stipe is pale white with longitudinal fibrils. An illustrated description, molecular data, and detailed comparison with related or similar species is provided.

Unravelling the organisation of ivorian cyberfraudsters: Criminal networks or organised crime?

This article delves into the organisation of Ivorian cyberfraudsters, known as “brouteurs”, who engage in romance scams and sextorsion, and it questions the various structures through which these fraudsters operate. The study's findings are based on data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with cyber-fraudsters in Abidjan during a two-month field trip. The statements made by the brouteurs were analysed using thematic content analysis, which highlighted various roles and activities undertaken assumed by different individuals within these groups. A relatively clear trend emerges regarding the structure of these groups and the social connections within their organisation. It is possible to distinguish between sextorsion and romance scam groups, on one hand non-hierarchical and more fluid and opportunistic, on the other hierarchical, with defined roles and activities, engaged in other serious offenses. Both have international connections, may them be accomplices, money mules, underground bankers or corrupt public agents. While brouteurs acknowledge that "Everyone is part of a network.", these first results show different forms of organisation of cybercriminal Ivorian groups. The question which follows is whether these groups constitute cybercriminal networks or organised cybercrime. Future research in this direction, such as the development of crime scripts, can help institutions take effective measures to combat the transnationalisation of cyberfraud.

Architectural Heritage and Archetypal Landscape Approaches Facing Environmental Hazards

The research question in this paper concerns elements of nature, such as earth, water, fire, and air, as they have a dual meaning, indicating both hazard and heritage. The relationship of cities with blue–green infrastructure is an example of this. Cities might be surrounded by either water or forest, though the latter has been less investigated as a nature-based solution for climate change adaptation. The connection between water and architecture can also be seen in the seafront type of architectural design, in the architecture of harbours, port facilities, aquariums or thermal baths. This paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of all of these various architecture programs that were carried out during the first half of the twentieth century. Although the styles of Art Nouveau and Interwar were widely spread, otherness in regional geographical locations drew lessons from the vernacular architecture. Inspiration was drawn mainly from southern Europe in the Cycladic islands for the interwar/international style and towards the east and centre of the continent in Romania and Hungary and up to the north in the Baltic states for the national romantic art nouveau style. A local seismic culture is prevalent in areas that are affected by earthquakes. In the context of the geological conditions related to water and earthquake hazard, the anthropic reshaping of rivers and canals (and alluvial soil deposits) generates liquefaction vulnerability. Significant also is the way in which the urban wildland interface shapes the relationship between wild green space and cities. Urban protected nature parks and urban forests contribute to wellbeing but are also vulnerable to wildfire. This research attempts to find equivalents to the local seismic culture in cases of climate change-induced hazards, such as floods and wildfires, in Romania, Italy and Portugal. As part of the project presented for the case study featured in this paper, significant documentation was achieved through literature reviews and field trips. For the latter, walkscape methodology was used, which was also useful for the first round of results and the mapping required to indicate earthquake hazards near water locations in Bucharest, Romania.

Reflection Method in Shaping Student Character on Islamic Education: Ibn Thufail's Perspective

Facts about the character of students who are not good are still found; however, solutions to these problems must continue to be done as a process of educating students on an ongoing basis. Such is the case with this study, Qualitatively descriptive, which aims to describe the implementation of the reflection method in Islamic Religious Education subjects in helping student character at Hidayatul Mustafidin High School, Kudus, Indonesia, from the perspective of Ibn Thufail's thought. In-depth interviews involve extracting data, observing, taking documentation, and validating it with triangulation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, presentation and verification/conclusion stages. Applying Ibn Thufail's perspective reflection method in PAI subjects in shaping student character at Hidayatul Mustafidin High School is carried out in several ways, including holding regular reflection sessions, and PAI teachers provide direction and motivation to students. In the discussion groups in the classroom, students are given one theme and then asked to discuss and write a report on the results of the discussion. Furthermore, they are holding field trips in the form of nature tadabbur activities. These activities certainly provide benefits to students, especially in shaping character. Students become aware of what has been done, how to improve poor attitudes, understand each other's characters, and increase gratitude and an embedded attitude of responsibility for what has been done.

Geosite Recognition Based on Qualitative-Quantitative Assessment in the Light of Core Geological Features of a Mio-Pliocene Volcanic Arc Setting of the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand

The far north part of Coromandel Peninsula can be considered a good place for geoeducation and geotourism, which is justified by the remnants of Miocene-Pleistocene volcanic integration with marine environment. These processes in collaboration with old Jurassic and quaternary sediments create a diverse geological and geomorphological constructions forming the abiotic environment of areas surrounding Port Jackson and Fletcher Bay. These two locations have been chosen as two main campsites of the north Coromandel Peninsula, which are maintained by the Department of Conservation (DOC) of Coromandel Peninsula. Hence, the campsites should be considered as main places for camping for the trips of different purposes. They provide an access costal way and/or trails leading to the main geologically important locations presenting some knowable features like Pinnacles and Sugar Loaf spread through the region. To highlight these locations of interests, “geosites,” we developed qualitative-quantitative assessment of geodiversity for geosite recognition based on 8-m DEM and 1:1250,000 scale geological map and QGIS (3.28 “Firenze”) software. The methodology utilizing 8-point evaluation system applied for geological formations of the studied region and its multiplication with morphological slope degree. The result of assessment has been expanded and justified with geological, cultural, and geomorphological database acquired from literature review and direct field trips of the studied areas. The conclusion demonstrates the main geological knowledge of recognized geosites together with description of drawbacks and possible obstacles for tourism and education in the region of the northern Coromandel Peninsula.

Penggunaan Metode Field Trip Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Kelas IV MI Thalabul Khair Kabupaten Banjar

Basically, the process carried out consciously by a person to produce change is known as learning behavior and developing positive abilities. One way to facilitate teachers' ability to educate students and achieve learning goals is to use methods. This research aims to determine how field trip learning can improve academic achievement and obtain a significant relationship between student academic achievement and the MI Thalabul Khair field trip learning approach, Banjar Regency. This study uses a quantitative research design. With this design, there is every sample has two classes: a control class and an experimental class. totaling 14 students. Test questions data is gathered by observation, interviews, and documentation, among other techniques. Analyzing the collected data uses hypothesis testing, prerequisite test analysis, and descriptive analysis. This research obtained results, learning through field trips in class IV regarding the surrounding environment in social studies lessons can improve students' academic scores, and social studies learning outcomes are positively correlated utilizing the field trip instructional approach. In accordance with the difference between the control class's average score of 66.42 and the average score of the experimental class of 90.71. The field trip learning method also adds new experiences and enthusiasm to students during the process of learning.

Protestantism among the Hmong People in the Mountainous Region of Contemporary Northern Vietnam

Since the 1980s, there has been a considerable change in the religious life of the Hmong ethnic communities from the mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam—specifically, their conversion to Protestantism. Protestantism was introduced into the communities under a modified model known as Vàng Trứ/Vàng Chứ through the endeavors of the Far East Broadcasting Company. From 1993 to 2004, the number of Protestant followers among these communities increased sharply. Today, the mountainous northern area of Vietnam is home to 300,000 Hmong Protestants of various denominations. This study, based on textual analysis, participant observations, in-depth interviews, and field trips, seeks to explore the Hmong conversion to Protestantism. The focus is on issues relating to the growth of Protestantism and Protestant influence on the Hmong people from 1987 (widely understood to be the beginning of Protestantism in the Hmong community) to the present day.

Sustainability in tourism demands a mode shift: Appraisal of heritage tourism; a safe bet for developing regions

AbstractThe study aims to determine heritage tourism potential in the Kashmir valley, a developing region, to lower the impact of mass tourism on the natural environment. The potential was assessed using criterion‐based indicators. After a Delphi survey, Content Validation Ratio determined indicator retention. Field trips and secondary sources identified the sites. The sites with cultural significance were prioritized with other supporting factors. The Weighted Sum Method assessed the heritage site potential. It was calculated for each criterion: Cultural, Physical, and Natural. Then, total potential was classified into three groups on the basis of equal intervals depicting high, medium, and low, where high ranges from 0.628 to 0.756, medium from 0.502 to 0.628, and low from 0.375 to 0.502. Being the capital city and hub of different activities, Srinagar district of the study area has maximum of the sites with high heritage potential. Owing to its long history, the study region has many heritage sites; however, its tourism potential has yet to be tapped. The study emphasizes the significance of shifting surges in tourism forms in managing sustainable tourism development.

Presenting field trip materials using a Web map-conducting online field trip at the Japan Association for Quaternary Research 2021 Osaka convention-

Presenting field trip materials using a Web map-conducting online field trip at the Japan Association for Quaternary Research 2021 Osaka convention-

Boreal ecopoetics: Christian Dotremont's site‐specific writing in Sápmi

AbstractNorthern Fennoscandia entered Christian Dotremont's (1922–1979) imagination in 1956. The Belgian avant‐gardist was comfortable in Central‐European artistic milieus through his involvement in CoBrA (1948–1951), but a total of 12 journeys to Sápmi between 1956 and 1978 had a profound effect on his creative work, especially the logograms he is best known for. This article studies Dotremont's travel writings and logograms as site‐specific forms of writing, which can be seen as precursors to ecopoetic approaches. Dotremont's journeys took place at a cultural turning point, when ethnographers had made their field trips but mass tourism was still in its embryonic state in Sápmi. His Sápmi‐inspired travel writings reveal how the idealism related to a hyperborean north initially intrigued him while he sought to elude modernity. Dotremont's cultural exchanges in Sápmi were non‐artistic but manifested in his art and writing. Sápmi brought about an ecological awakening through awe that was not sublimated but a lived experience. Dotremont immersed himself in Sápmi, with fundamental repercussions to his creative exploits.

Conservation education with religious values: A literature review

Environmental education and conservation education play crucial roles in cultivating an environmentally subject and conservation society. The purpose of this research was to describe the implementation of religiously charged conservation education and various learning methods that can be used in conservation education. This study focused on the implementation of religiously charged conservation education and exploring diverse learning methods applicable to conservation education. The literature study method is used to analyze various reference sources and synthesize them into an idea that is contextual to the relevant issue. The results of the literature review found that integrating religious value-charged conservation education can be one of the solutions to build awareness and concern for environmental sustainability. Religious values can be the individual spirit in instilling a positive attitude toward the environment so that it will build the spirit of religious conservationists. The planning of a conservation education program can generally be divided into three stages: the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages of the program. For a Formal education setting, learning methods such as mini research, JAS, PjBL, and Field trips can be chosen as learning methods for conservation education effectively. In a non-formal education context, alternatives like extension, socialization, integration of local culture, and the like can be chosen as options for promoting conservation education.

Probing the exchange of CO2 and O2 in the shallow critical zone during weathering of marl and black shale

Abstract. Chemical weathering of sedimentary rocks can release carbon dioxide (CO2) and consume oxygen (O2) via the oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon and sulfide minerals. These pathways govern Earth's surface system and climate over geological timescales, but the present-day weathering fluxes and their environmental controls are only partly constrained due to a lack of in situ measurements. Here, we investigate the gaseous exchange of CO2 and O2 during the oxidative weathering of black shales and marls exposed in the French southern Alps. On six field trips over 1 year, we use drilled headspace chambers to measure the CO2 concentrations in the shallow critical zone and quantify CO2 fluxes in real time. Importantly, we develop a new approach to estimate the volume of rock that contributes CO2 to a chamber, and assess effective diffusive gas exchange, by first quantifying the mass of CO2 that is stored in a chamber and connected rock pores. Both rock types are characterized by similar contributing rock volumes and diffusive movement of CO2. However, CO2 emissions differed between the rock types, with yields over rock outcrop surfaces (inferred from the contributing rock volume and the local weathering depths) ranging on average between 73 and 1108 tCkm-2yr-1 for black shales and between 43 and 873 tCkm-2yr-1 for marls over the study period. Having quantified diffusive processes, chamber-based O2 concentration measurements are used to calculate O2 fluxes. The rate of O2 consumption increased with production of CO2, and with increased temperature, with an average O2:CO2 molar ratio of 10:1. If O2 consumption occurs by both rock organic carbon oxidation and carbonate dissolution coupled to sulfide oxidation, either an additional O2 sink needs to be identified or significant export of dissolved inorganic carbon occurs from the weathering zone. Together, our findings refine the tools we have to probe CO2 and O2 exchange in rocks at Earth's surface and shed new light on CO2 and O2 fluxes, their drivers, and the fate of rock-derived carbon.

Development of the Entrepreneurship Program Implementation Strategy for Elementary School Students

The entrepreneurship program in Indonesia is a manifestation of the initiative to enhance the image of Pancasila students. However, there are still areas that need improvement in the implementation, and there is a lack of research on the strategies for developing entrepreneurship programs. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to assist in the execution of the entrepreneurship program. This study employed a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing a case study design. Data was gathered by conducting interviews with three individuals who played a crucial role in the entrepreneurship program at Muhammadiyah Prambanan Elementary School. The findings indicate that schools incorporated entrepreneurship into their curriculum through various means, such as organizing field trips, setting up food stands, and hosting artwork exhibitions. The approach to developing the implementation of the entrepreneurship program involved the formation of committees, establishing partnerships with external schools, and engaging work instructors. Factors that contributed to the research included strong support from stakeholders and external schools through collaboration, while obstacles emerged from a lack of skills among existing school staff and challenges with guardians/parents. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the approach to establishing entrepreneurship programs in educational institutions. It aims to provide valuable insights for other schools seeking to develop similar initiatives.

Crisis exercise in the framework of coastal geohazards: Experience in the Balearic islands (Spain)

Within an international cooperation network (France, Spain and Portugal) involving researchers, first responders and civil protection authorities, a crisis exercise was held simultaneously in Mallorca and Ibiza (Balearic Islands, Spain). The objectives were to test crisis management procedures defined by operational actors, integrating new developed scientific tools related to landslides and rockfalls, as well as the internal relationship with the new created Technical Advisory Committee. The initiative included a training module for all stakeholders before the exercise explaining the scientific tools used for supporting the decision-making process during the exercise, as well as a field trip in the Tramuntana range in Mallorca to gain first-hand knowledge of the geological hazards threatening the region, mainly rockfalls. More than 70 people were involved in the training exercise, including researchers, civil protection, civil guard, municipalities, representants of the autonomous regions, local and regional crisis management managers from different French and Spanish entities, etc. At the end of the exercise, a joint analysis was made of the strengths and weaknesses found during the development of the exercise and propositions of improvements were made. Local and regional authorities concluded that, thanks to the exercise, they are better prepared to deal with georisks induced by extreme weather, mainly landslides and rockfalls. The scientific community understood the type of operational products they should develop for decision support during disaster risk crises. This experience emphasizes the need to create stronger links between the scientific community and civil protection stakeholders.

Peran Media Pembelajaran dan Permainan dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa

A media is an intermediary or anything that is used for a process of transmitting messages or information that can stimulate students' thoughts, feelings and will so that it can encourage teaching and learning. Apart from learning media, games that are connected to learning material are also very helpful in creating interesting and enjoyable learning. Such games that involve students are: exploratory play, dynamic play (energetic play), skillful play, social play, imaginative play, and puzzle games. -it-out play). Through games, students' thinking and socializing abilities can be improved. Motivation in the learning process is also very necessary to make learning enjoyable. Teachers can provide motivation in the classroom in the form of: giving points, praise, prizes, group work, competition, goals and level of aspiration, sarcasm, assessments, field trips and excursions, educational films and learning via radio. The role of learning media and games in increasing student motivation in class is very necessary to eliminate feelings of boredom and saturation in learning. With media, games and motivation provided by the teacher, learning will be interactive, meaningful and fun and students will easily accept the teacher's explanations, the teacher will also be helped in explaining the material.

Towards IPB Immersive Field Trip Platform: Virtual Reality Field Trip to Introduce Digital Village Ecosystem to Computer Science Students

The virtual field trip format offers several advantages over a fully three-dimensional world, including its ease and cost-effectiveness in creation and development. By utilizing a 360 camera, capturing images becomes convenient, portable, and viable even in remote regions. With the amount of activity involving students and agricultural society, the potential for integrating these field trip experiences into a learning experience is significant in IPB University. Not only it able to help students understand the context before doing the actual field trip, it also able to improve their empathy to the society introduced through the virtual field trip. This research aims to present the development of a virtual reality tour to introduce digital village ecosystem to computer science students and measure its presence among the students. The 360 scenes were captured during a visit to a digital village in West Java, and an immersive learning plan was devised to introduce the digital village ecosystems. The learning path was designed based on the cone of learning principle. To evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual reality system, presence questionnaires were administered, a knowledge test was conducted, and interviews were carried out with 22 students. Research indicates that the virtual field trip successfully introduced one digital village ecosystem in Cibodas, West Java Province. Students were able to explore the village site, learn about the digital village ecosystem, and provide valuable feedback. The presence questionnaire yielded a score of 5.49 out of 7, indicating a positive immersive experience. The two are of improvements are Involvement (4.96 of 7.00) and Distraction Factor (5.20 of 7.00). The interviews identified areas for improvement, such as enhancing content quality and increasing natural interaction within the system. In conclusion, this research has laid the foundation for the IPB Immersive Field Trip Platform by developing a virtual field trip that introduces computer science students to a digital village ecosystem. The findings demonstrate promising results and provide insights for further refinement of the platform.

Great Salt Lake desert landscape change over multiple temporal scales

This one-day (~260-mile) field trip guide provides an overview of the late Pleistocene to Holocene history of the Great Salt Lake Desert. Stops include Knolls Sand Dunes and areas on or surrounding the Bonneville Salt Flats, such as Juke Box trench, the Bonneville Salt Flats International Speedway, and the saline pan center and edge (Figure 1). We cover the post-Lake Bonneville geomorphic evolution of the Great Salt Lake Desert including changes in land cover over the past century. The Great Salt Lake Desert area provides unique access to saline landscape features including gypsum dunes and a perennial saline pan. We discuss the origin of these features and how they fit within the area’s broader geologic context. The accessibility of sites discussed here depends on surface conditions. In general, late summer to early fall is the most opportune time to visit this area. Vehicular travel to any of the off-road sites is discouraged when there is standing water or high near-surface moisture (wet mud with little traction). Surface conditions can change rapidly, and we recommend researching current conditions before initiating this trip. This desert is hot and dry during the summer and there is no shade and limited access to water; please plan accordingly. Past and current Great Salt Lake Desert depositional changes provide an analog for the modern Great Salt Lake with changing water availability, potential dust production, competing priorities, and rapidly changing land cover. The information presented here impacts understanding natural and geologic heritage, changing management strategies, and landscape dynamism over multiple spatial and temporal scales.

GeaVR: An open-source tools package for geological-structural exploration and data collection using immersive virtual reality

We introduce GeaVR, an open-source package containing tools for geological-structural exploration and mapping in Immersive Virtual Reality (VR). GeaVR also makes it possible to carry out quantitative data collection on 3D realistic, referenced and scaled Virtual Reality scenarios. Making use of Immersive Virtual Reality technology through the Unity game engine, GeaVR works with commercially available VR equipment. This allows VR to be accessible to a broad audience, resulting in a revolutionary tool package for Earth Sciences. Users can explore various 3D datasets, spanning from freely available Digital Surface Models and Bathymetric data to ad-hoc 3D high-resolution models from photogrammetry processing. The user can navigate the 3D model in first person, walking or flying above the surrounding environment, mapping the main geological features such as points, lines and polygons, and collecting quantitative data using the provided field survey tools. Such data, including geographic coordinates, can be exported for further spatial analyses. Here we describe three different case studies aimed at showing the potential of our tools. GeaVR is revolutionary as it can be used worldwide, with no spatial limitations, both for geo-education and Earth Science popularization, as well as for research purposes. Secondly, it makes it possible to safely access dangerous areas, such as vertical cliffs or volcanic terrains, virtually from a computer screen or Virtual Reality headset. Furthermore, it can help to reduce carbon emissions by avoiding the use of flights and vehicles to conduct field trips.

Reducing heavy metal (Zn, Cu) toxicity in a semi-arid area by halophytes

This work is the subject of a study of the effect of Atriplexhalimus on the variability of the percentage of certain heavy metals in the region of Boukhadra-Ouanza north of Tébessa, which is characterized by the proximity of an ancient mining area and with different levels of salinity. Where we made field trips, the first to know the area and determine the sampling locations, and the second to take samples. The latter (soil surrounding the roots of the cut plant and soil without vegetation at a distance of one meter), then after we measured the salinity standards (electrical conductivity and the percentages of certain heavy metals. The samples were analyzed at the Geology Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tébéssa, where soil CE calculated and compared to the percentage of heavy metals (zinc and copper) in the soil. The results showed the presence of a significant proportion of heavy metals such as zinc and copper, especially in the third study area, which is considered high by World Health Organization standards and to acceptable standards, because the latter is located near an abandoned mining area, unlike the high salinity factor in the first and second areas.

Unleashing the Potential: Investigating the Empowering Effects of Field Trips on Autonomous English Learners’ Learning

Field trips have long been recognized as a significant component of educational endeavours. While students at the primary and secondary levels commonly engage in such activities, the integration of field trips into tertiary education remains infrequent. University studend who attend the English classes are seldom afforded the opportunity to directly observe authentic professional environments or explore potential workplaces related to their future careers, experiences that can be facilitated through field trips. Additionally, given the increasing emphasis on the internship program held by Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, a gap arises as students are limited in their exposure to real-world work environments. The objective of this research endeavour was to investigate university students' perceptions of field trip activities and assess how these experiences contribute to the development of students' autonomous learning skills. Qualitative data for this study were collected through two questionnaires, a preparation and a reflection Google sheet. The participants consisted of 27 students enrolled in the International Relations Study Program at UPN Veteran Jakarta. The findings of the study revealed that field trips offer numerous benefits to English for Professional Purposes students, including enhancing their understanding of academic concepts, providing a deeper real-world context for learning, and fostering social interaction. The questionnaire results demonstrated a predominantly positive perception among the students. Furthermore, a majority of the participants reported engaging in autonomous learning activities during the field trip, facilitated by the opportunity to interact with industry professionals and seek their guidance through questioning.