Results Of Field Survey Research Articles

Fukushima twelve years after the nuclear accident

PurposeThis paper analyzes the structure of recovery policies in Fukushima, discusses the current situation of the affected areas and the affected people of Fukushima 12 years after the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred and points out issues concerning revitalization of Fukushima based on the results of field surveys of the affected areas, as well as interviews and questionnaires of the affected people and literature reviews.Design/methodology/approachAfter the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred in March 2011, what policies have been implemented? To what extent have the affected areas of Fukushima been regenerated? To what extent have the affected people of Fukushima rebuilt their lives? What are the issues that need to be addressed for the revitalization of Fukushima? Since the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred, the author has continued to conduct field surveys of the affected areas, as well as interviews and questionnaires of the affected people, and literature review. This paper aims to answer three questions based on the results of these surveys and reviews.FindingsFirst, the nuclear disaster is characterized by its wide-area and long-term nature. Second, recovery of the affected areas by public projects do not have sufficient effect on rebuilding of the lives of the affected people since most of the affected people do not return to the affected areas. Third, it is necessary to establish a legal system for disaster prevention, recovery and revitalization suited to the characteristics of the nuclear disaster in order to promote rebuilding of the lives of the affected people and for the recovery of the affected areas.Originality/valueThere is little literature that has been systematically examined regarding the recovery from the Fukushima nuclear accident. This paper discusses the current status and issues of recovery from nuclear disaster 12 years after the nuclear accident, based on my experiences as the chairperson of the Fukushima Prefecture Recovery Planning Committee and the chairperson of the Recovery Planning Committee in several municipalities where evacuation orders were issued after the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred.

КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА ГЛЯЦИАЛЬНОЙ СЕЛЕВОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ В ИЛЕ АЛАТАУ

The present publication is devoted to studying the problem of quantitatively assessing glacial debris flow hazards. The study area, which includes river basins in the central part of the northern slope of Ile Alatau, is characterized by increased debris flow activity. Currently existing methods of glacial debris flow hazard assessment are based mainly on qualitative criteria. Despite the fact that such assessments were generally based on the results of field surveys and observations, their outcomes were largely determined by subjective factors. The aim of the study is to address the problem of using quantitative criteria in assessing the outburst hazard of moraine-glacial lakes by creating a new methodology for the quantitative assessment of glacial debris flow hazards based on empirical data. The geodetic and bathymetric measurements of lake basins located on modern moraines and directly at glacier tongues served as a basis for this work, allowing us to identify relationships between lake areas and volumes. This paper presents the results of glacial debris flow hazard assessment, largely obtained for the first time using a computational method, for the most studied debris flow-prone areas of Ile Alatau. For the quantitative assessment of glacial debris flow hazard, the results of direct observations of moraine-glacial lake outbursts were used, allowing us to obtain quantitative characteristics and hydrographs of outburst floods. The relationships between the volumes of outburst floods and the maximum discharge of turbulent mudstone flows at the outlet of debris flow centers (incisions), measured by the instrumental method and using empirical calculation formulas, were also identified. These data were obtained during special surveys of the traces of past debris flows

Effects of Climate Change on the Fish Community, and Rhynchocypris kumgangensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) Distribution in Deogyusan National Park

Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, endemic to Korea, is limited to the upper Hangang River and Gucheondongcheon Stream. As a key and climate-sensitive biological indicator species in the Deogyusan National Park, it has a southern range limit in the Gucheondong Valley. Due to climate change, notable shifts in the activity, distribution, and population of R. kumgangensis on the Gucheondongcheon Stream are expected. This study examined trends between the 2020 field survey and previous surveys (2014–2018) for fish faunal changes at 13 sites in the Deogyusan National Park and for the population changes of R. kumgangensis at four sites in the Gucheondongcheon Stream. At 13 sites, we identified 996 individuals of 17 fish species in seven families, including 2 endangered (Pseudopungtungia nigra, Hemibarbus mylodon) and 11 Korea-endemic species. The Fish Assessment Index (FAI) of the 13 sites in the Deogyusan National Park was analyzed and found to be of A-grade in both the 2020 and past surveys, with high scores in all M1–M8 categories. Both the results of CCA and field surveys between the entire fish community and pH, DO, and water temperature revealed that the population of R. kumgangensis had a narrower distribution range and was more sensitive to water temperature than the same cold-water fish, R. oxycephalus. Climate change has been identified as causing the annual maximum temperature (°C) in the Deogyusan National Park to increase year on year and the R. kumgangensis population to decline, suggesting that the time for conservation efforts is “now”.

Identification of the level of environmental pollution in individual forest areas by fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blade of the hanging birch

Based on the results of field surveys, it is shown that the deformation parameters of birch leaves can serve as an indicator of the degree of environmental pollution. It is concluded that when placing recreational facilities, the specifics of the location should be taken into account and the necessary measurements should be carried out according to the degree of environmental pollution. It is advisable to use the bioindication technique when choosing facilities for recreation of the population.

Tuberculosis Infection Risk Areas in a Big Urban Center: Boundaries, Objects, Parameters, and Models

The objective: to build up models for the areas of infectious risk of tuberculosis spread in a big urban center, to evaluate the presence of objects and parameters influencing the probability of development of tuberculosis infection nudi.Subjects and Methods. A retrospective and prospective study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 in St. Petersburg TB Dispensary no. 5. The study was performed taking into account the results of field surveys, with subsequent processing of materials for the territory of Kalininskiy and Krasnogvardeyskiy Administrative Districts of St. Petersburg.Results. According to the multivariate analysis of certain parameters, it was found that adult population density was a statistically significant factor influencing the type of tuberculosis infection risk areas (aOR=1.0002; p=0.0002). The role of educational facilities density (aOR=0.9932; p=0.9), and detected cases of latent tuberculous infection (aOR=1.0837; p=0.6), was statistically insignificant.

PEMBUATAN PETA DESA AIR MERAH KECAMATAN CURUP TENGAH KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG BENGKULU

Maps are complex data sets containing information on the location and objects of an area. Maps can show the distribution of various things on Earth, such as settlement patterns, mountains and others. ArcGIS is software that can be used in making village maps. Air Merah village is a village in Curup Tengah sub-district, Bengkulu, which until now has not had complete mapping for the area. The purpose of this service is to help present village data that can be accessed as spatial data information in planning development progress in Air Merah Village. Community service is carried out in stages of visiting the village head's office for administrative processes, conducting discussions with the team, collecting data through field surveys and interviews, making maps, and discussing the results of thematic maps, as well as holding a presentation to discuss the results of the map and handing over map printouts to village officials. This service activity was attended by lecturers, partners and students who were involved in all series of services both in the field and discussions, so as to produce village information maps. Based on the results of field surveys and modeling, Air Merah Village has an area of ± 10.7789 km2 and is located at latitude longitude -3.4801, 102.556365. Map making has received a positive response from the surrounding community and is expected to be able to provide location information and improve the inventory of Air Merah Village.

Improving knowledge of the acoustic factors involved in railway noise annoyance: first results of a pilot field survey of sixty-two local residents

Railway transportation contributes to the objectives of decarbonization but also generates negative externalities, including noise. Energy noise indicators used to characterize population exposure do not adequately reflect the repetitive nature of railway noise peaks. The GENIFER pilot study aims to test a protocol designed to characterize railway noise events according to the instantaneous perceived annoyance when the train is passing, in order to improve understanding of the influence of acoustic factors on annoyance. The first phase of the survey was carried out in 2023 among 62 residents of a pilot site. An electronic device was used to collect around 5,000 ratings, ranging from 1 to 10, assessing the instantaneous annoyance induced by train noise at passing trains. The site instrumentation included sixteen sound level meters and two video recording systems, enabling annoyance ratings to be associated with the acoustic characteristics of railway noise events. A questionnaire aimed at identifying co-determinants of long-term annoyance was also administered to participants. Feedback on the field implementation of this survey and initial results concerning acoustic measurements, instantaneous annoyance ratings and questionnaire responses will be presented.

PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR MODEREN RUSTIC PADA PERANCANGAN RESTORAN DAN BUTIK DI SAMARINDA

The development of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) in East Kalimantan has been a significant catalyst for economic growth and lifestyle changes in surrounding areas, including the city of Samarinda. The increasing awareness of modern lifestyles and the desire for new experiences has led Samarinda's consumers to seek out places that not only provide products or food but also offer a comfortable atmosphere and visually appealing aesthetics. The objective of this research is to develop a design concept for a commercial building that combines two functions: a restaurant and a boutique, using a modern rustic style as a response to this trend. This study employs a qualitative analysis method, combining the results of literature reviews, field surveys, internet studies, and comparative studies of similar buildings, aiming to identify the unique characteristics of modern rustic architecture that suit the needs of building users, functionality, and site conditions. The site is determined through an analysis of several alternative sites. The results of this analysis are a design concept for a restaurant and boutique building with a modern rustic architectural style, evident in both the building's facade and interior. The design concept produced in this research is a unique blend of modern, clean lines and the warmth of rustic materials, resulting in a visually and functionally aesthetic space.

Susceptibility assessment of glacier-related debris flow on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using different hybrid machine learning models

The southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) is a construction area of several key infrastructure projects in China, such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and hydropower developments, which has historically faced the threat of glacier-related debris flows. However, a robust assessment of such debris flow susceptibility is a challenge due to the complex and variable climate, terrain and glacial environment. In this study, we used the hybrid models that combine statistical techniques (certainty factors, CF) with machine learning methods (logistic regression, LR; random forest, RF; extreme gradient boosting, XGBoost) to more accurately identify debris flow susceptible (DFS) areas. Topography, geology, and hydrological factors including glaciers and snow cover were used in these models to assess the DFS. Results show that 21 % to 42 % of the study area is very high susceptible to debris flows, particularly from Ranwu to Bomi and around Namcha Barwa. The hybrid models effectively enhance the accuracy of the DFS assessments. The CF-RF model showed the greatest improvement, with an 8.4 % increase in accuracy compared to the single model, the DFS spatial distribution of which aligns closely with field survey results. The glacial area ratio and annual snowmelt positively impact DFS accuracy, ranking 2nd and 9th in the factor importance, respectively. The results of this research could provide valuable assistance and guidance in mitigating glacier-related debris flow hazards.

Deterministic responses of biodiversity to climate change through exotic species invasions.

Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by local extinction under global climate change. This may reflect direct effects of climate on poorly adapted native species or increased impacts of exotic species in these conditions, but their relative importance is poorly understood. By examining global occurrence records of 142 plant species found in the Yangtze River Valley, we found that the climatic niches of exotic species differed from those of natives, mainly reflecting exotics being most common in warmer, drier and more isothermal climates in their native ranges. These differences in climatic niches, especially temperature, predicted invasion intensity in 459 plots along a 1,800-km transect in the Yangtze River Valley. On the basis of this strong match between model predictions and field survey results, we predict that invasions will probably be more intense in future climatic conditions, especially from warming at the coldest sites. The direct negative effect of warming on native diversity was larger than the indirect effects mediated through increased invasions. However, moderate invasion increased communities' overall species diversity. More broadly, our study highlights the role of exotic species in the ecological response of regional biodiversity to global climate change.

Degradation Assessment of the M’zab Valley Oases in Algeria

This study investigates the degradation of the Wadi M’zab oasis in Ghardaia, Algeria, an ecologically sensitive area. Using remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS), the degradation was assessed through four key indicators: vegetation cover change, soil erosion, salinity, and agricultural productivity. Moreover, to identify the human factors contributing to the degradation, a field survey was conducted. The results indicated significant degradation of the Wadi M’zab oasis, marked by a substantial increase in erosion areas by 220%, a 52% increase in areas affected by salinity, extensive urban expansion at the expense of palm groves, and a decline in agricultural productivity. The causes of degradation are attributed to natural factors such as climate change and soil and water quality, as well as human factors like urban expansion, land-use changes, and human practices, as confirmed by the field survey results. This study serves as an important tool to help mitigate the degradation of the Wadi M’zab oasis. It recommends encouraging investment in the agricultural sector, preserving the oasis’s ecosystem, and adopting innovative practices for water management and using crops that tolerate harsh conditions. It also calls for coordinated efforts between government agencies, farmers, and the local community to ensure the implementation of effective and sustainable strategies for the future of the M’zab oasis.

High-accuracy and low-disturbance approach for identifying surface water and groundwater interactions in wetlands

Comprehending the hydrological conditions in wetlands is a critical aspect of successfully enhancing wetland conservation. The interaction between wetland surface water and groundwater is a complex process, requiring detailed onsite hydrological and soil surveys, laboratory experiments, and modeling to clarify this relationship. However, conventional investigation methods often cause significant disruptions and thus may affect the natural environment and compromise data reliability. In this study, a high-accuracy and low-environmental-disturbance (LED) approach was proposed involving modified falling head permeability and modified seepage meter tests to elucidate the groundwater characteristics in an ecological reserve. A water balance (WB) calculation method was employed to examine the performance of the proposed LED approach. The results revealed that the LED performed better than conventional methods in hydraulic conductivity and seepage velocity exploration, thereby improving the accuracy of quantifying groundwater flow. Moreover, the experimental findings and ecohydrological observations were used to assess the groundwater flow regime, and the data were consistent with the field survey results. The contradiction between conducting research and protecting ecological reserves can pose difficulties in the sustainable and effective management of wetlands. The LED approach can be applied broadly, especially in areas where significant disturbance should be avoided. The water budget model can thus be developed to help deduce the interaction between groundwater and surface water. We suggest that these innovative methods are effective tools and can assist both scientists and authorities in formulating corresponding habitat management strategies.

Seismic risk assessment based on residential building stock and field survey results: a case study of 3 cities in Shanxi Province

IntroductionBuildings that collapse or are damaged by earthquakes are responsible for the majority of earthquake-related casualties. High-precision building data are the key to improving the accuracy of risk assessments of earthquake disaster loss. Many countries and regions have also proposed varying regional building exposure models, but most of these models are still based on administrative-level (city or county) statistical data; furthermore, they cannot accurately reflect the differences among buildings in different towns or villages.MethodsAlthough field investigation-based “township to township” methods can obtain more accurate building inventory data, considering costs and timeliness, remote sensing and other diverse data should be combined to acquire building data. Based on the field survey data of three cities in shanxi Province, combined with Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) data, this study is conducted on building inventory data. Data regarding the proportion of each building type and corresponding lethality level in each township are obtained based on the classification of building height, and the overall lethality level at the building level and township level is calculated on this basis.ResultsThe fitting results between the calculated results and the field survey results are good, the error is within 0.15, and the fitting R2 values of Xian, Baoji and Ankang are 0.6552, 0.5788 and 0.5937, respectively. Therefore, an earthquake disaster loss risk assessment is conducted based on the building level.DiscussionThe findings indicate that the risk of casualties caused by the same building type can vary by city. Generally, the areas with high disaster loss risk in the three cities are distributed mainly in urban areas; the disaster loss risk in the newly built areas of each city is relatively low. According to the quantitative assessment results for each city, Xi’an has the highest loss risk, while Baoji and Ankang have the same loss risk. Based on the method constructed in this paper, we can realize the quantitative assessment of earthquake disaster loss risk at the building level to better target pre-earthquake emergency preparation and post-earthquake auxiliary decision-making.

Defining and characterizing the phenomenon of river-bottom tearing scour (RBTS): A case study of the Middle Yellow River

River-bottom tearing scour (RBTS) in natural rivers refers to the incipient motion and transport processes of clay blocks formed by fine cohesive sediment after deposition and consolidation in riverbeds. The RBTS phenomenon can lead to significant channel erosion and changes in river planview morphology, and has, thus, attracted the attention of hydrologists and engineers. In the study, a new determination measure (K) for the occurrence of a RBTS event is derived based on the theoretical expression for the critical incipient velocity of the clay block, K=α2(CL+2λ22), which is a combination of the coefficients of the velocity (i.e., α is a local velocity coefficient), lift force (i.e., CL is the lift coefficient), and clay block size (i.e., λ2 is the ratio of block thickness to length). Furthermore, to explain river behavior during a RBTS event, the Fugu, Xiaobeiganliu, and Weihe river reaches in the Middle Yellow River (MYR) were selected as study areas. Analysis of hydrological data from 1950 to 2023 in the examined reaches implies that a single discharge or sediment threshold cannot predict the occurrence of RBTS. The cross-sectional erosion and deposition volume (CEDV) and the migration intensity of the channel thalweg (MI) also were calculated at the section and reach scales for the examined reaches during the RBTS events. It was observed that RBTS typically causes significant channel erosion originating from the most upstream portion of the study reach with CEDV values ranging from 61 to 6034 m2, while MI values during the RBTS events were close to the multi-year average for the study reach. Finally, a flume experiment simulating RBTS was done to discuss and verify the threshold value of K. Field survey and experimental results indicated that RBTS occurs if K > 0.5, thus, providing theoretical support for the prediction and prevention of RBTS.

Evaluating financing risk for forest recreation value development project—A case study focused on S National Forest Park in Fujian Province

In the process of forest recreation value development, there are some characteristics, such as large amount of investment capital, long financing recovery cycle and high potential risks, which lead to limited capital source and prominent financing risks. To achieve sustainable development, forest recreational value development enterprises must solve the financing dilemma, therefore, it is very urgent to identify the financing risk factors. The research constructed financing risk evaluation index system through WSR (Wuli-Shili-Renli) methodology (from affair law, matter principle and human art dimensions), taking S National Forest Park at Fujian Province as a case study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used for empirical analysis. The results showed that for the first level indicators, operational risk should be paid close attention to, followed by political risk and environmental risk. Among the secondary level indicators, policy changes, financing availability and market demand need attention, which are consistent with the result of field survey. Based on that, countermeasures were put forward such as the multiple collaborative linkage and effective internal control; reduction on operating costs and broaden financing channels; encouragement diversification of investment entities and improvement of financial and credit support; strengthening government credit supervision, optimizing financing risk evaluation, and building a smart tourism financing information platform, to reduce and control financing risks, then promote the development of forest recreation value projects.

Integrating multispectral remote sensing and geological investigation for gold prospecting in the Borongo-Mborguene gold field, eastern Cameroon

Multispectral remote sensing data has great promise for mineral prospecting via regional-scale mapping of alteration zones and geological structures, once the method is calibrated using in-situ geological observations. The Borongo-Mborguene area, located in eastern Cameroon at the transition from sub-tropical to arid climates, hosts several alluvial gold deposits. In this investigation, maps developed by processing of Landsat-8 OLI images, ASTER satellite images, and SRTM DEM data were compared to results of a comprehensive field survey to locate zones of hydrothermal alteration and regional structural lineaments, and to verify the association of these features with gold mineralization. Specific Landsat-8 and ASTER band ratios, as well as principal component analysis of the multispectral images, were selected to isolate spectral signals that characterize particular groups of alteration minerals, such as clays, hydrated carbonates, hydrated sulphates, iron oxides, and iron hydroxides. Lineaments and their preferred orientations were extracted by filtering of the digital elevation data. A fuzzy logic approach was subsequently applied to the ensemble of resulting maps to highlight five areas of concentrated hydrothermal alteration and structural complexity as potential gold prospects (Mborguene, Boutila, Nandoungue, Borongo and Ouaden villages). Petrographic study of samples collected from the remotely-identified alteration zones revealed a hydrothermal ore assemblage of gold, galena, pyrite and hematite in mineralized quartz veins. Structural control of the alteration zones in the Borongo-Mborguene gold field was confirmed by field mapping along a shear zone. Hence, our petrographic and field studies indicate that the multispectral remote sensing data and data processing methods developed herein are appropriate for mineral exploration in remote sub-tropical areas of Africa. More generally, the computationally efficient and simple procedure developed here should yield accurate preliminary maps of the spatial distribution of hydrothermal halos and related mineral deposits in challenging mixed-type vegetated terrain around the globe.

Survey Analysis and Countermeasure Research on<b> </b>the Status of Street Vendor Economy around Universities

Although the existence of street vendors around universities brings a lot of convenience to students' campus life, the problems of health and space hidden behind them should not be underestimated, and they have become a big problem for governance. This paper is based on the field survey results of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, combined with the questionnaire data, from the analysis of the current situation of the street vendor economy, to explore the reasons for the prosperity of the street vendor economy around the universities and its problems, and put forward a rationalized countermeasure for the governance of the street vendor economy, in order to reduce the negative impact of the street vendor around the university and to ensure the healthy and orderly development of it.

Determining of Appropriate Passenger Car Unit Values Due to a Change in Effective Width of Roadway

Legitimately, the passenger car equivalent value is determined based on the type and width of the road as well as the traffic volume. Interestingly, the effective width of roadway often varies due to land topography conditions and level of side friction. Theoretically, the number of survey posts should be determined based on road geometric and environmental conditions because traffic volume is a reflection of the choice of speed. Unfortunately, due to limited funds, traffic volume, travel speed and ride friction surveys were carried out at 1 survey point. As a result. the recommendations for strategies and/or traffic management and engineering techniques could be bias. This study aims to calculate the impact of differences in the effective road width on the equivalent value of passenger cars using the Speed Method. For this reason, a speed survey was carried out on a number of arterial roads in the Kupang urban area. It was found that changes in the effective width of road lanes have a significant impact on changes in motorbike speed so that the use of passenger car equivalent value for motorcycle should be based on the result of field survey, instead of a standardized value as it was recommended by Indonesian Highway Capacity Guide

Monitoring of unused agricultural lands by example of Askinsky district in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article analyzes data on use of agricultural lands in Askinsky district, and presents the results of field surveys of condition of agricultural lands, as well as evaluates the quality indicators of unused lands.

Effectiveness of climate information services: an evaluation of the accuracy and socio-economic benefits for smallholder farmers in Niger and Mali

Climate information services are foundational means of building the farmer’s resilience. However, studies are scarce about the accuracy of climate information services in dryland regions such as the West Africa Sahel, like in Mali and Niger. Thus, this study examined the accuracy of climate forecasts and their socio-economic benefits in these two countries. For rainfall forecasts and alerts, we collected the 2022 data from the ‘SMS Sandji’ platform in Mali (Nara) and the national meteorological agency alert database in Niger (Zinder). The socio-economic benefits of climate information were determined using a sample of 900 individuals in Niger and 227 in Mali. The results indicate that both seasonal and daily climate forecasts have high to moderate accuracy from 0.7 to 0.58 for CSI and 0.11 to 0.43 for BS index in Niger, and 0.94 to 0.91 for CSI, and 0.06 to 0.25 for BS in Mali. The results of field survey show that, in general, 87 to 100% of the respondents in Niger and 100% in Mali received the seasonal forecasts. ANOVA also reveals with high significance (p value = 0.0001) that the utilization of climate information plays a crucial role in improving farmers’ average financial incomes with FCFA 24,943 per hectare at season onset to FCFA 15,355 per hectare during the cropping season, and FCFA 6204 per hectare at the end of the season, and time-saving of 36 h per hectare to 8 h per hectare, depending on the period when the information was used. Globally, this work underscores the importance of climate information services and highlights their positive socio-economic impacts to the livelihood of farmers.