Field Stimuli Research Articles

Diplopia associated with loop routing in deep brain stimulation: illustrative case.

BACKGROUNDDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful surgical option for drug-resistant movement disorders; however, electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources poses a potential risk for implanted electronics.OBSERVATIONSA 61-year-old woman with Parkinson’s disease originally had two implantable pulse generators (IPGs) for bilateral subthalamic DBS, which were then replaced with one dual-channel IPG routed in a loop. After the replacement surgery, with the same DBS programming as before the IPG replacement (bipolar setting for right, unipolar setting for left), the patient began to complain of transient paroxysmal diplopia. After multiple attempts to adjust the stimulation parameters, the diplopia was resolved by changing the left unipolar setting to a bipolar setting. At the authors’ institution, before the present case, four other patients had undergone IPG replacement with loop routing. None of these previous patients complained of diplopia; however, two of the four presented with diplopia in an experimental unipolar setting.LESSONSClinicians should be aware that loop-routed circuits may generate distortion of the stimulus field in DBS, even in the absence of external EMI sources.

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for head and neck cancer therapy

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is among the most common malignancy that has a profound impact on human health and life quality. The treatment for HNC, especially for the advanced cancer is stage-dependent and in need of combined therapies. Various forms of adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy have been included in the HNC therapy. However, there are still restrictions with traditional administration such as limited in situ therapeutic effect, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, etc. In recent years, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) have attracted the great attention in HNC therapy. These intelligent DDSs could respond to unique tumor microenvironment, external triggers or dual/multi stimulus with more specific drug delivery and release, leading to enhanced treatment efficiency and less reduced side effects. In this article, recent studies on stimuli-responsive DDSs for HNC therapy were summarized, which could respond to endogenous and exogenous triggers including pH, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), redox condition, light, magnetic field and multi stimuli. Their therapeutic remarks, current limits and future prospect for these intelligent DDSs were discussed. Furthermore, multifunctional stimuli-responsive DDSs have also been reviewed. With the modification of drug carriers or co-loading with therapeutic agents. Those intelligent DDSs showed more biofunctions such as combined therapeutic effects or integration of diagnosis and treatment for HNC. It is believed that stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems showed great potential for future clinic translation and application for the treatment of HNC.

Chapter 16 - Blindsight

For over a century, research has demonstrated that damage to primary visual cortex does not eliminate all capacity for visual processing in the brain. From Riddoch's (1917) early demonstration of intact motion processing for blind field stimuli, to the iconic work of Weiskrantz et al. (1974) showing reliable spatial localization, it is clear that secondary visual pathways that bypass V1 carry information to the visual brain that in turn influences behavior. In this chapter, we briefly outline the history and phenomena associated with blindsight, before discussing the nature of the secondary visual pathways that support residual visual processing in the absence of V1. We finish with some speculation as to the functional characteristics of these secondary pathways.

Development of the Snellen Memory Test (SMT): An episodic memory test to screen for AD risk in a clinical optometry/ophthalmology setting

AbstractBackgroundAlthough we have been working to discover and validate retinal imaging biomarkers for preclinical AD risk, the cognitive assessment of episodic memory function remains the most commonly relied on screening approach. Here, we sought to develop a brief screening test for episodic memory, to augment retinal biomarkers in the early detection of AD. By relying on the standard Snellen Eye Chart as the stimulus field, we aim to create an instrument that can be seamlessly incorporated into standard clinical optometry/ophthalmology practices. This pilot study sought to identify episodic memory questions of equivalent difficulty, based on the Snellen Eye Chart, that can eventually be scored using a mobile application.Method12 cognitively normal (CN) older adults (24‐56 years) completed the SMT, consisting of 2 x 11 question forms, with both free‐ and cued‐recall components: one form immediately after encoding and one form after a 20‐minute delay. Item analysis was performed for each test question at immediate and delayed recall, and the mean difficulty index (DI) of all questions was computed along with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultThe mean DI for all questions at immediate recall was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53‐0.79) with two questions falling below the 95% CI lower bound (0.53). The mean DI at delayed recall was 0.70, (95% CI: 0.57, 0.82) with one question falling below and one falling above the 95% CI upper bound. We eliminated 4 questions, leaving a pool of 18 questions of equivalent difficulty at immediate and delayed recall.ConclusionMany of the items for the SMT were moderately difficult for CN individuals. These questions may be further developed to screen for AD risk in CN older adults in a clinical setting. We are currently collecting data in a cohort (N=100) of CN older adults (55‐80) at both low‐ and high‐risk for preclinical AD, which will be used to further refine this novel memory test. Our next step is to validate the SMT against gold standard neuropsychological assessments of episodic memory, and to examine the added prognostic value of this test in conjunction with our panel of retinal imaging AD risk biomarkers.

White space interpretation in Hermann Rorschach’s inkblot test

Abstract Introduction: The interpretation of white space in the Rorschach test has not been clearly defined. The aim of my research was to analyze the psychological meanings that can be associated with using space in Rorschach test responses. I examined a sample of healthy individuals in order to establish the basic meanings that could serve as points of reference when interpreting ill people’s responses. Material and method: I personally examined 158 healthy subjects with the Rorschach test. The examination procedure and the way of coding and interpreting responses were based on John Exner’s Comprehensive System. I divided the sample into three groups: I (no S responses), II (one or two S responses), and I II (three or more S responses). Next, I distinguished subgroup V (four or more S responses). I analyzed the differences between the groups in terms of other variables obtained in the examination using the Rorschach test. These variables were associated with using the complexity of the presented stimuli and with organizing the stimulus field; they were also associated with the emotional sphere, social adjustment, and ways of coping with stress. Results: Group III differed from groups II and I in terms of nine variables, and differences regarding further four variables approached significance. Differences between group V and the remaining examinees were more marked and concerned 14 variables. Discussion: Examinees with more S responses were better at using the complexity of stimuli and organizing the stimulus field. A certain characteristic feature of their emotional sphere also manifested itself: these people experienced situational stress more strongly, colored their responses with aggression, and more frequently experienced loneliness and alienation; intellectualization turned out to be their typical defense mechanism. Conclusions: Based on the collected material, it can be concluded that responses are related to examinees’ creative potential. Collected from healthy individuals, the material may facilitate the interpretation of ill people’s responses, especially as such research has not been conducted in a Polish population before.

Design and applications of light responsive liquid crystal polymer thin films

Responding to external stimuli is a trait observed in all living organisms. Modern artificial materials have adopted this profound characteristic, thereby commencing the field of stimuli–responsive systems. Liquid crystal polymers are attractive members of this family of systems owing to the available control on their anisotropic properties capable of generating complex morphologies under external stimuli. Liquid crystal polymer systems have been designed to respond to various stimuli such as heat, light, pH, humidity, and electric and magnetic fields. The attainable shapes and topographies open exciting possibilities for novel applications in a wide range of different fields such as microfluidics, artificial muscles, haptics, and optical functions. The microstructural design of liquid crystal polymers leading to diverse applications is the focus of this review. We conclude by presenting the future prospects and developments in these promising material systems.

PH and magnetic field responsive protein‐inorganic nanohybrid conjugated with biotin: A biocompatible carrier system targeting lung cancer cells

AbstractMulti‐stimuli responsive carrier systems, specifically targeting tumor cells are of high significance to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, we have developed, characterized, and biologically evaluated magnetic casein‐calcium ferrite hybrid biopolymeric carrier conjugated with biotin for targeted delivery of cinnamaldehyde to lung carcinoma. The dual stimuli‐responsive carrier was successfully synthesized with small size, good stability, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. Natural drug cinnamaldehyde was encapsulated in the hybrid carrier, on which biotin was conjugated to facilitate selective cellular uptake. The prepared drug‐carrier system exhibited pH‐responsive drug release behavior with a higher release rate under acidic conditions, which can be effectively applied in targeted cancer chemotherapy. The superparamagnetic nature of calcium ferrite enabled magnetically‐modulated drug delivery with faster drug release, reaching 85.5% within 4 h, in response to magnetic field stimulus. Kinetic modeling of drug release projected the diffusion‐controlled release mechanism. Cell viability assay performed on L929 fibroblast and A549 lung cancer cells verified the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the developed formulation, respectively. The nanohybrid carrier significantly increased the anticancer potential of cinnamaldehyde with an 18‐fold reduction in the IC50 value, signifying the biotin‐functionalized protein‐inorganic nanohybrid as an efficient multifunctional platform for targeted drug delivery.

(Keynote) Electromagnetic Field Stimulated MOFs

Electromagnetic, external stimuli can be used to switch Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) materials and to achieve control over the pores of these materials on different ways. We designed MOFs with switchable moieties in their side-chains, such as azobenzene, to be switchable under irradiation of UV/Vis light. Additionally, we developed devices to be able to measure the impact of electromagnetic fields in-situ. We focused on surface anchored MOF (SURMOF) thin films, deposited on asymmetric, porous α-Al2O3 supports as gas separation membrane layers. It is possible to control the gas transport properties of the materials using, but also using electric fields, and measure changes gas separation (permeability and selectivity) of binary mixtures in-situ, using the Wicke-Kallenbach technique. The light switchable systems were investigated on their CO2 separation performance: By switching the azobenzene between cis and trans isomers inside the pore windows, it was possible to switch dipolar moments, thus changing the adsorption properties towards the quadrupolar moment of CO2. Using electric fields of 500 V/mm we could show on the prominent example of ZIF-8, a zeolitic imidazolate framework, that it has a strong impact on the gas transport properties, especially looking at the molecular sieving. The mechanistic of the electric field influence on the ZIF is as follows: The electric field distorts the lattice of the MOF, shifting the Zn2+ ions, lowering the symmetry of the unit cell. This effect leads to polarized polymophs of the structure, sharpening the molecular sieving through a stiffening effect. The purification of Propylene/Propane, a highly desired separation for the plastics industry, could be increased through the electric field stimuli by 33%.References Knebel, A. et al. Defibrillation of soft porous metal-organic frameworks with electric fields. Science 358, 347–351; 10.1126/science.aal2456 (2017).Wang, Z. et al. Tunable molecular separation by nanoporous membranes. Nat. Commun. 7, 13872; 10.1038/ncomms13872 (2016).Müller, K. et al. Switching Thin Films of Azobenzene-Containing Metal-Organic Frameworks with Visible Light. Chem. Eur. J. 23, 5434–5438; 10.1002/chem.201700989 (2017).Knebel, A. et al. Azobenzene Guest Molecules as Light-Switchable CO 2 Valves in an Ultrathin UiO-67 Membrane. Chem. Mater. 29, 3111–3117; 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00147 (2017).Tan, N. Y. et al. Investigation of the terahertz vibrational modes of ZIF-8 and ZIF-90 with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Chem Commun 51, 16037–16040; 10.1039/c5cc06455d (2015). Figure 1

Pitting optic flow, object motion, and biological motion against each other.

Heading estimation from optic flow is crucial for safe locomotion but becomes inaccurate if independent object motion is present. In ecological settings, such motion typically involves other animals or humans walking across the scene. An independently walking person presents a local disturbance of the flow field, which moves across the flow field as the walker traverses the scene. Is the bias in heading estimation produced by the local disturbance of the flow field or by the movement of the walker through the scene? We present a novel flow field stimulus in which the local flow disturbance and the movement of the walker can be pitted against each other. Each frame of this stimulus consists of a structureless random dot distribution. Across frames, the body shape of a walker is molded by presenting different flow field dynamics within and outside the body shape. In different experimental conditions, the flow within the body shape can be congruent with the walker's movement, incongruent with it, or congruent with the background flow. We show that heading inaccuracy results from the local flow disturbance rather than the movement through the scene. Moreover, we show that the local disturbances of the optic flow can be used to segment the walker and support biological motion perception to some degree. The dichotomous result that the walker can be segmented from the scene but that heading perception is nonetheless influenced by the flow produced by the walker confirms separate visual pathways for heading estimation, object segmentation, and biological motion perception.

The therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in elderly depression patients.

Background:Depression, a common psychiatric disorder in elderly, serves as a remarkable precipitating factor for suicide among the elderly people. Here, a randomized double-blinded study was performed to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on improving the clinical symptoms and reducing suicidal ideation in elderly patients with depression.Methods:In this study, 103 elderly patients with depression and suicidal ideation were randomly divided into 2 groups, 48 cases in the rTMS group and 55 cases in the control group (sham rTMS). Both groups received routine drug therapy with rTMS or sham rTMS. The patients received evaluation by Hamilton depression scale and self-rating idea of suicide scale before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, respectively.Results:The measurement from the present study demonstrated that Hamilton depression scale and self-rating idea of suicide scale scores decreased to varying degrees in the 2 groups after treatment, and the decrease was more significant in rTMS group. The rate of marked effectiveness was much higher in rTMS group after 2 weeks of treatment compared with the control group. Furthermore, the rate of moderate effectiveness at 4 weeks after treatment was significantly higher in rTMS group compared with the control group.Conclusion:Together, the present study shows that rTMS with routine drug therapy exhibited effect with quick onset to improve the clinical symptoms and reduce suicidal ideation in elderly patients with depression.

Pattern-onset and OFFset visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of hemianopic field defects.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) assess the function of the visual pathway from the retina to the primary visual cortex. There is much evidence that monocular pattern-reversal and flash VEPs can distinguish dysfunction due to chiasmal and post-chiasmal afferent pathway lesions. There is less evidence about the use of pattern-onset/OFFset VEPs to identify post-chiasmic dysfunction. We present nine patients with a range of visual pathway defects that caused dense hemianopic field defects. These patients had pattern onset-OFFset VEPs recorded from an array of occipital electrodes referred to a mid-frontal electrode to checks that appeared for 230ms and disappeared for 300ms into a background of mean luminance, in a stimulus field of 30°. We found pattern-onset VEP components lateralise to occipital electrodes overlaying the functional hemisphere, whereas pattern-OFFset VEP components demonstrate the paradoxical lateralisation phenomenon, described in reversal VEPs, and are maximal over the contralateral occiput. Our findings show how extending the recording time window to include an OFFset VEP facilitates identification of hemianopic visual field defects. We advocate the pattern-onset/OFFset VEP in the assessment of patients with hemianopia, having particular value for patients who are otherwise unable to perform more demanding half-field electrophysiology, imaging or psychophysical testing.

A common neural substrate for processing scenes and egomotion-compatible visual motion

Neuroimaging studies have revealed two separate classes of category-selective regions specialized in optic flow (egomotion-compatible) processing and in scene/place perception. Despite the importance of both optic flow and scene/place recognition to estimate changes in position and orientation within the environment during self-motion, the possible functional link between egomotion- and scene-selective regions has not yet been established. Here we reanalyzed functional magnetic resonance images from a large sample of participants performing two well-known “localizer” fMRI experiments, consisting in passive viewing of navigationally relevant stimuli such as buildings and places (scene/place stimulus) and coherently moving fields of dots simulating the visual stimulation during self-motion (flow fields). After interrogating the egomotion-selective areas with respect to the scene/place stimulus and the scene-selective areas with respect to flow fields, we found that the egomotion-selective areas V6+ and pIPS/V3A responded bilaterally more to scenes/places compared to faces, and all the scene-selective areas (parahippocampal place area or PPA, retrosplenial complex or RSC, and occipital place area or OPA) responded more to egomotion-compatible optic flow compared to random motion. The conjunction analysis between scene/place and flow field stimuli revealed that the most important focus of common activation was found in the dorsolateral parieto-occipital cortex, spanning the scene-selective OPA and the egomotion-selective pIPS/V3A. Individual inspection of the relative locations of these two regions revealed a partial overlap and a similar response profile to an independent low-level visual motion stimulus, suggesting that OPA and pIPS/V3A may be part of a unique motion-selective complex specialized in encoding both egomotion- and scene-relevant information, likely for the control of navigation in a structured environment.

Competitive Electrohydrodynamic and Electrosolutal Advection Arrests Evaporation Kinetics of Droplets.

This article reports the hitherto unreported phenomenon of arrested evaporation dynamics in pendant droplets because of electric field stimulus. The evaporation kinetics of pendant droplets of electrically conducting saline solutions in the presence of a transverse, alternating electric field is investigated experimentally. While the increase of field strength reduces the evaporation rate, increment in field frequency has the opposite effect. The same has been explained on the solvation kinetics of ions in polar water. Theoretical analysis reveals that change in surface tension and the diffusion-driven evaporation model cannot predict the decelerated evaporation. With the aid of particle image velocimetry, suppression of internal circulation velocity within the droplet is observed under electric field stimulus, which directly affects the evaporation rate. A mathematical scaling model is proposed to quantify the effects of electrohydrodynamic circulation and electrothermal and electrosolutal advection on the evaporation kinetics. The analysis encompasses major governing parameters, namely, the thermal and solutal Marangoni numbers, the electrohydrodynamic number, the electro-Prandtl and electro-Schmidt numbers, and their respective contributions. It has been shown that the electrothermal Marangoni effect is suppressed by the electric field, leading to deteriorated evaporation rates. Additionally, the electrosolutal Marangoni effect further suppresses the internal advection, further reducing the evaporation rate by a larger proportion. Stability analysis reveals that the electric body force retards the stable internal advection. The stability mapping also illustrates that if the field strength is high enough for the electrosolutal advection to overshadow the solutal Marangoni effect completely, it can lead to improvement in evaporation rates.

Remarkably Boosted Molecular Delivery Triggered by Combined Thermal and Flexoelectrical Field Dual Stimuli

AbstractEfficient controllable drug delivery is important in medical treatment. Abrupt release of a drug is important in targeted drug release therapies or first‐aid scenarios but materials reported to date still suffer from low efficiencies with regards to both release speeds and the total released amount. In this study, we report that combining both thermal and flexoelectrical field stimuli can lead to effective acceleration of drug delivery. When tapping the flexible substrate elevated temperatures, acceleration of drug release is increased from up to 21 % to 540 % times for different molecules, remarkably higher than a single type of thermal or E‐field stimulus. In addition, the dual responsive substrate exhibits good antibacterial effects. We believe that the work reported herein will be of benefit to the design of rapid drug release materials for medical treatment.

Incremento en la mortalidad del hongo entomopatógeno Metarhizium anisopliae al aplicar un campo eléctrico durante la conidiación

The effects of an electric field on conidia production by Metarhizium anisopliae in solid state culture were determined. A 450-mL electrochemical cell (EC) with titanium ruthenium-oxide coated electrodes and packed with a mixture of rice:corn stubble, was inoculated with 1x106 conidia (g of initial dry support)-1 and incubated for 8 days (30oC). Four days after starting the culture, a current density of 0.09 mA/cm2 was applied for 24 h. The moisture kept constant (75%), with and without electric field. With electric field, conidiation (4.9x108 ± 3.7x107 conidia (g of initial dry support)-1) did not show significant differences, but their viability and germination (67 and 45%, respectively) were lower than in the non-perturbated conidia. Total mortality of Tenebrio molitor larvae provoked by conidia produced in presence of the electric field was 40% higher compared to that provoked by the conidia control. The study showed that the application of electric field improving the conidial infectivity. This new approach is susceptible to be optimized to other fungi for biological control with the purpose of improving field performance and further investigations on the modification of cellular mechanisms by the electric field stimuli.

Large check size pattern reversal visual evoked potentials – Full and sectorial field stimulation in multiple sclerosis and controls

Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials have been used to study optic neuritis. Although smaller check size in the central fields are more sensitive, larger check sizes can be advantageous for patient fixation and in poor vision. We compared sectorial central and peripheral hemisurround stimulus with commonly used full- and half- field stimulus using large check sizes (65′) in the context of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Of 19 female and 16 male control subjects studied, females had shorter P100 latencies and larger amplitudes than males. In 9 of the 18 patients with VEP abnormalities, the central field abnormalities were greater than those recorded with the full field response. The results confirm for the first time that central field stimulation using large checks can show a greater extent of abnormality than can be appreciated with large check full field stimulation alone, and could be commonly employed to improve yield in the investigation of optic neuritis. The data suggest that it is necessary to collect separate gender-specific laboratory normal values using this check size.

STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH AROMATONYMIC SUBFRAME

The article is dedicated to explaining the nature of the aromatonymic subframe of a mental thesaurus of a native English speaker. The semantic gestalt of the associative field of English aromatonyms is considered. The systematization of the results of the free associative experiment made it possible to outline the semantic gestalt of the associative field of English aromatonyms of the analyzed stimuli. The purpose of the article is to establish the linguistic nature of proper names to denote perfumes in their cognitive dimension. The object of the study was proper names denoting perfumes - aromatonyms, the subject - the linguistic structure of the English aromatonymic subframe. 2000 English-language names of perfumes taken from print and electronic media served as the material of the study, as well as the results of a free associative experiment which include 842 reactions. The methodological basis for the analysis of English aromatonyms was the use of modern onomastic theories: quantitative analysis ensured the establishment of the actual volume and dynamics of empirical facts; the method of free associative experiment made it possible to determine the components and structure of the associative field of aromatonyms; the method of outlining the semantic gestalts of associative field made it possible to distinguish their core components. Thus, the semantic gestalts of the associative field of aromatonyms stimuli have been determined, which are formed by certain groups of semantic associates and their nucleus. The practical value of the work lies in the developed mechanism for establishing the identity of the proper name of this subclass to a certain circle of mental aromatonymic subframe. As a result of the study, all associates were divided into four circles of individual onymic frames, depending on the degree of acquaintance of the recipient with the stimulus and its emotional involvement.

Multi-Trigger Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Soft Actuators under Large Deformations.

Dielectric actuators (DEAs), because of their exceptional properties, are well-suited for soft actuators (or robotics) applications. This article studies a multi-stimuli thermo-dielectric-based soft actuator under large bending conditions. In order to determine the stress components and induced moment (or stretches), a nominal Helmholtz free energy density function with two types of hyperelastic models are employed. Non-linear electro-elasticity theory is adopted to derive the governing equations of the actuator. Total deformation gradient tensor is multiplicatively decomposed into electro-mechanical and thermal parts. The problem is solved using the second-order Runge-Kutta method. Then, the numerical results under thermo-mechanical loadings are validated against the finite element method (FEM) outcomes by developing a user-defined subroutine, UHYPER in a commercial FEM software. The effect of electric field and thermal stimulus are investigated on the mean radius of curvature and stresses distribution of the actuator. Results reveal that in the presence of electric field, the required moment to actuate the actuator is smaller. Finally, due to simplicity and accuracy of the present boundary problem, the proposed thermally-electrically actuator is expected to be used in future studies and 4D printing of artificial thermo-dielectric-based beam muscles.

Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Hemolysis of Erythrocytes Exposed to Oxidative Stress.

Ahematological and morphological investigation was made of the effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) stimulus on oxidized erythrocyte membrane using the smear method and spectroscopic measurement. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) was used for oxidative stress, and verapamil was used as reduction agent on red blood cells (RBCs). Our PMF stimulator system was designed to generate a maximum intensity of 0.27T at a transition time of 0.102ms. The morphology of oxidized RBCs, and oxidative stressed RBCs after treatment with a reducing agent were observed before and after PMF. Light absorbance of hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in the membrane as well as plasma, through hemolysis of RBCs. Absorbance for a sample exposed to PMF before the oxidation treatment was lower than that for a sample not exposed to PMF in the plasma. This means that PMF plays a role in preventing hemolysis of erythrocyte membrane from oxidative stress. Our results were confirmed using an osmotic fragility test. Hemolysis in the case of PMF treatment is 28% lower than that of non-PMF treatment. As a result, PMF stimulus is proposed to achieve an improvement of RBCs aggregation and prevent RBCs from oxidative stress, and could be used in various clinical fields related to peripheral vascular diseases. For further clinical application, we need to optimize PMF intensity and stimulated duration.

Localized and triggered release of oxaliplatin for the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a liposome formulation that deliver oxaliplatin under magnetic field stimulus in high concentration to alleviate the off-target effects in a rat model of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).Materials and Methods: Hybrid liposome-magnetic nanoparticles loaded with Cy5.5 dye and oxaliplatin (L-NIR- Fe3O4/OX) were synthesized by using thermal decomposition method. CRLM (CC-531) cell viability was assessed and rats orthotopically implanted with CC-531 cells were treated with L-NIR-Fe3O4/OX or by drug alone via different routes, up to 3 cycles of alternating magnetic field (AMF). Optical and MR imaging was performed to assess the targeted delivery. Biodistribution and histology was performed to determine the distribution of oxaliplatin.Results: L-NIR-Fe3O4/OX presented a significant increase of oxaliplatin release (~18%) and lower cell viability after AMF exposure (p<0.001). Optical imaging showed a significant release of oxaliplatin among mesenteric vein injected (MV) group of animals. MR imaging on MV injected animals showed R2* changes in the tumor regions at the same regions immediately after infusion compared to the surrounding liver (p<0.001). Biodistribution analysis showed significantly higher levels of oxaliplatin in liver tissues compared to lungs (p<0.001) and intestines (p<0.001) in the MV animals that received AMF after L-NIR- Fe3O4/OX administration. Large tumor necrotic zones and significant improvement in the survival rates were noted in the MV animals treated with AMF.Conclusion: AMF triggers site selective delivery of oxaliplatin at high concentrations and improves survival outcomes in colorectal liver metastasis tumor bearing rats.