Field Research Research Articles

Analisis 'Urf terhadap Ritual Udik-Udikan dalam Pernikahan Jawa

This research explores the 'Urf perspective on the Udik-Udikan tradition in marriage, focusing on two key questions: the practice of the Udik-Udikan tradition and its evaluation through the lens of 'Urf. The study aims to explain and analyze this tradition within an Islamic context. Conducted as field research in Krendowahono Village, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency, data were gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman method, which involves data collection, reduction, presentation, and verification. The findings reveal that the Udik-Udikan tradition, where parents of the last child to marry scatter coins as a symbol of gratitude, is classified under 'Urf Fi’li (a community habit in action) and 'Urf Khās (a custom specific to a certain area and time). The tradition is deemed 'Urf Ṣhāhiḥ, meaning it is considered good and permissible within Islamic teachings, as it aligns with religious rules and emphasizes positive values.

THE INFLUENCE OF MARKET RATIO ON CUMULATIVE ABNORMAL RETURNS IN COMPANIES LISTED ON THE JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII)

This research was conducted to test whether there is an influence of earnings per share and price earnings ratio on the Cumulative Abnormal Return of 14 companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic index during 2020-2022. This research uses field research, this research uses quantitative research methods. The approach used in this research is an associative approach which aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables. With data collection techniques in the form of documentation using primary data sourced from secondary data, and processing using E-Eviws 12 (X64). There is a statistical analysis technique with 14 companies selected using the purposive sampling method registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index during 2020-2022. The research results obtained show 1) Earning Per Share has no positive influence and is not significant on Cumulative Abnormal Return. This is proven by the t-test carried out, where a value of 0.9314 > 0.05 was obtained, so it can be concluded that H1 is rejected. 2) Price Earning Ratio has no positive influence and is not significant on the Cumulative Abnormal Return value. This is proven by the t-test carried out, where a value of 0.9287 > 0.05 was obtained, so it can be concluded that H2 is rejected. 3) Simultaneously Earning Per Share and Price Earning Ratio do not have a positive and insignificant influence on Cumulative Abnormal Return which has been proven from the F-Test results where a value of 0.986304 > 0.05 is obtained, so it can be concluded that H4 is rejected.

Rapid assessment of human–elephant conflict: a crime science approach

An interdisciplinary approach has the potential not only to help solve conservation-centric problems but also to enrich and improve evidence-based scientific research. Crime science, an offshoot of criminology, provides a comprehensive, solution-oriented approach that transcends disciplinary boundaries and bridges science and practice for developing effective conservation interventions to real-life problems such as Human Elephant Conflict (HEC). This paper focuses on HEC as a conservation concern, but the resultant behaviors toward elephants, people, and their property are criminology’s concern. Using the Action Research paradigm, a rapid assessment of human–elephant conflict (HEC) in India was undertaken to identify contextual solutions. This study utilized problem-oriented field research methods that enabled the gathering of data on elephant habitat-landscape, villagers’ lifestyle (habitat) in the fringe areas, their current approaches in dealing with the conflict, the challenges forest officials face to mitigate HEC, and the assistance provided by district administrators to protect villagers and their corps and HEC-related deaths. The qualitative inquiry, including observation of village-forest fringe areas, focus group discussions with villagers, and interviews with forest officers and rangers, and district administrators/collectors who are handlers, guardians, and managers of the conflict space, provided rich data in identifying situational practical measures and underscored the role of crime science in providing a conceptual framework to gather evidence in addressing HEC in forest areas. The findings of the research suggest that human–animal convergence space is the source (or location) of conflict and criminology-driven situational crime prevention measures, including increasing effort, risks, reducing rewards and provocations, and removing excuses might mitigate the conflict, requiring coordinated efforts by villagers, forest and district administrators, and local law enforcers.

Mathematical model for predicting the yield of apple trees on rootstock 62-396

Traditionally, forecasting apple tree yields was carried out on the basis of statistics of already obtained long-term yield dynamics or based on generative formations formed on the tree. The purpose of the work is to identify the most significant soil parameters for the formation of the apple tree varieties yield on the dwarf rootstock 62-396 and to build a mathematical model for predicting fruit yield in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region of the Russian Federation. Field research was carried out in 2004-2022 in industrial apple tree plantations at the age of full fruiting in the Lipetsk (two farms) and Tambov (eight farms) regions. Seven horticultural soil types have been studied. Based on statistical analysis, a mathematical model of apple tree productivity was obtained in the form of an analytical dependence on three factors. A geometric interpretation of the regression model is given using the Mathcad symbolic mathematics system in the form of response surfaces and the corresponding level lines. Practical recommendations are given for choosing rational parameters within selected intervals of factor variation.

Model Punishment dan Reward Berbasis Edukatif untuk Merubah Perilaku Santri Pondok Pesantren Ngalah

This research aims to assist the Ngalah Islamic Boarding School in improving the nation's intelligence, both science, skills and morals. This research method uses qualitative research, this type of research (field Research) is research conducted in the field. Therefore, it can be concluded that Punishment and Reward can be a better learning for students at the Ngalah Islamic Boarding School.

Implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka pada Pengembangan Bakat dan Minat Siswa SD Negeri Kemakmuran 1 Songgom Brebes

This research aims to describe the implementation of the independent curriculum policy in developing the talents and interests of students at SD Negeri Kemakmuran 1 Songgom Brebes. The author uses field research where researchers go directly into the field to obtain research data. The approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach to describe the implementation of the independent curriculum policy in developing the talents and interests of students at SD Negeri Kemakmuran 1. The data collection methods used in this research are interviews, observation and documentation. Next, the author analyzes the data using the Miles and Huberman model by reducing data, presenting the data and verifying the data. Then the data was tested for validity by data triangulation. The results of the research show that SD Negeri Kemakmuran 1 has implemented an independent curriculum to develop students' talents and interests, including: providing motivation to students, fostering enthusiasm for learning, paying attention to students, exploring family backgrounds, and establishing collaboration with student parents. SD Negeri Kemakmuran 1 also does several things to support children's talents and interests, including: drum band training, scout training and others. There are also several computer units and sports equipment.

Multiplier Effect Wisata Halal Masjid Muhammad Cheng Hoo Pandaan dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Pasuruan

This research aims to analyze and understand the role, potential, and multiplier effects of halal tourism at Masjid Cheng Hoo in Pandaan towards enhancing the welfare of the community in Pasuruan Regency. The research methodology employed is qualitative, based on field research. The findings reveal that its historical and cultural value serves as a primary attraction for tourists seeking rich religious and cultural experiences. The potential of halal tourism around the mosque is evident in the increased tourist visits and the growth of the local tourism industry. Furthermore, the study indicates that the development of halal tourism around the mosque has a positive multiplier effect on the welfare of the community in Pasuruan Regency. The growth of the tourism industry creates new job opportunities and enhances household income, while contributing to the development of infrastructure and better public services. These findings underscore the significant economic and social benefits that the development of halal tourism at Masjid Cheng Hoo brings to the local community.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Canton): Ethno- Projections and Ethnicity of the Region within the Framework of the Russian Model of Federalism

The article concerns the analysis of the author’s field research in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) in 2021-2022. Based on the results of a mass survey of the population, recorded interviews and a focus group, various aspects of the ethnicity of the region and the role of the ethnic factor in the cultural and political space of the region are considered. The available information allows us to conclude that today one of the most visible and successful models of regional identity based on the culture of the peoples of the North has been formed in Yamal. However, the changed demographic appearance of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the problems of preserving the culture of the peoples of the North, internal contradictions in the social movement may in the future raise the question of the appropriateness of the chosen model. But its revision is impossible, since orientation to the culture of the peoples of the North is the foundation for the existence of autonomy.

Estimating methane emissions from manure: a suitable case for treatment?

Abstract Methane from livestock is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Annex I countries’ National Inventories report emissions from cattle as enteric or from manure management at ratios of between 3:1 and 9:1 depending on country and cattle type. Field research generally supports the inventories’ assumptions about enteric emissions, but these ratios have focused interest on enteric emissions and diverted attention away from those from manure management. Official calculations about manure management emissions factors are more varied than those for enteric emissions and evidence from field measurements suggests inventories may be underestimating manure management emissions especially in the dairy sector. This paper has three objectives. First, it reviews the science underpinning the international framework for estimating methane emissions from manure management. Second, it presents data from two dairy farms in south-west England where measured emissions of methane from slurry storage facilities are found to be four to five times greater than the assumptions in the UK’s inventory. If these measurements were representative of the UK, the implication is that total methane emissions from the UK dairy herd would be over 40% greater than the level reported to the UNFCCC and the proportion of total methane emissions from dairy cows arising from manure management would be almost a half rather than less than a quarter. Finally, the paper assesses the potential value if methane were captured from slurry storage facilities. Its value as a biogas is estimated to be £500 million per year for the UK dairy industry (at forecourt diesel prices). The paper concludes that the scale of emissions and the potential economic value of lost biogas are sufficient to warrant urgent research and action to reduce emissions from manure management with the beneficial prospect that a valuable new income stream for farm businesses could also be realised.

Nitrogen credits after peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

AbstractState‐level cooperative extension services provide fertilizer recommendations for row crops in the United States. Of these, nitrogen (N) recommendations are arguably the most important because N is the most common yield‐limiting nutrient in nonlegume crop production systems. Throughout the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing region of the United States, Cooperative Extension Services generally recommends 22–67 kg N/ha credit to crops following peanut, likely due to the assumption that peanut, being a legume, contributes N to the following crop. The body of peer‐reviewed literature indicates that N credits from peanut to the subsequent crop are negligible. Recent literature indicates that apparent differences in yield following peanut compared to a nonlegume are a result of nonlegume crop residue favoring N immobilization rather than N mineralization from peanut residue. Taken together, recent research corroborates the few previous scientific publications addressing the issue, namely, that cooperative extension service recommendations to reduce N fertilization to crops after peanut are not supported by the peer‐reviewed literature. Future field research should include summer fallows to determine if yield differences between legumes and nonlegumes are due to N credits by the legume or N immobilization by nonlegumes. Data on N loss pathways following peanut are needed to identify management strategies that can mitigate N losses after peanut harvest. In conclusion, the preponderance of peer‐reviewed science does not support current Extension recommendations regarding peanut N credits to the following crop.

Analisis Akad Ijarah Tanah Kas Desa Bulusari Kecamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan dalam Perspektif Fikih Muamalah

Village cash land is land given to the village government to be managed as one of the village's original sources of income aimed at social interests in village development in improving community welfare. Various ways can be done by the village government to manage village cash land, one of which is through leases. The Bulusari Village Government utilizes village cash land by building shophouses in the Village Market which are then rented to the community. This study aims to determine whether the application of the Bulusari village cash land ijarah contract is in accordance with the principles of muamalah jurisprudence. This research uses field research methods with a qualitative approach because the author goes directly into the field to get information directly from informants. The results showed that the practice of leasing village cash land was in accordance with the principles of muamalah jurisprudence. Aspects such as clarity of the object of the contract (land), rental price agreement, and lease period have been well fulfilled in accordance with Islamic law. The application of ijarah contract on the cash land of Bulusari village helps improve the community's economy, so that the welfare of the community has increased.

A Numerical Simulation-Based Adaptation of the Pedestrian-Level Wind Environment in Village Streets: A Case Study on the Chuan Dao Area of the Hanjiang River in Southern Shaanxi

Village streets are indispensable spaces for people to perform outdoor activities, and they also directly affect the outdoor wind environment in villages. At present, people are paying more attention to the wind environment comfort of urban residential areas and urban commercial streets, but there is a lack of attention and research on the wind environment comfort of village and town streets. By summarizing the field research and meteorological data of Lefeng Village, we propose the outdoor wind environment evaluation requirements applicable to the Hanjiang River’s Chuan Dao area in the winter and summer seasons. We found that more than 80% of the outdoor wind environment in the summer is less than 1 m/s. Based on the numerical simulation method of computational fluid dynamics, and on the basis of the characteristics of the streets and lanes in the Hanjiang River’s Chuan Dao area, we found that the wind environment is poor in the winter and summer seasons; regarding streets and lanes, we propose three appropriate values, namely building density, building height, and street width. It is suggested that it is appropriate for the building density of the area to be less than 36%, the height of the building to be less than 15 m, and the width of the street to be 6–11 m when the street is open to traffic and 3–6 m when only pedestrians are passing through the area.

Challenges In The Path Of Scientific Methodology And Research

The main objective of this work is to diagnose the reasons for the difficulty in learning Scientific Methodology and Research, especially at the undergraduate level. The greatest challenge is to organize knowledge and seek alternatives in the face of the problem of teaching scientific methodology and research, seeking strategies that can be used to improve the teaching of the discipline, in view of the difficulties presented by academics. After questioning through field research, the data were collected through descriptive and analytical statistics to conclude the research. We can see through the results that the difficulties exist, but that alternatives were suggested and that may contribute to alleviate the problem, the challenges of graduation. We cannot only professionalize academics but train them in the exercise of thinking and overcoming difficulties, opening possibilities and showing the need to move towards understanding and valuing science. This way of seeing and learning Scientific Research Methodology may contribute to a greater performance of teachers who are responsible for their teaching, obtain a better acceptance of the subject by students, not always very receptive and may, finally, provide a dynamic aimed at effective and integrative teaching. We do not have the pretension or the knowledge to dictate the rules, to point out solutions, only the desire to suggest that they get closer to the problem, to the difficulties in search of scientific knowledge

Machine Learning Methods for Evaluation of Technical Factors of Spraying in Permanent Plantations

Considering the demand for the optimization of the technical factors of spraying for a greater area coverage and minimal drift, field tests were carried out to determine the interaction between the area coverage, number of droplets per cm2, droplet diameter, and drift. The studies were conducted with two different types of sprayers (axial and radial fan) in an apple orchard and a vineyard. The technical factors of the spraying interactions were nozzle type (ISO code 015, code 02, and code 03), working speed (6 and 8 km h−1), and spraying norm (250–400 L h−1). The airflow of both sprayers was adjusted to the plantation leaf mass and the working pressure was set for each repetition separately. A method using water-sensitive paper and a digital image analysis was used to collect data on coverage factors. The data from the field research were processed using four machine learning models: quantile random forest (QRF), support vector regression with radial basis function kernel (SVR), Bayesian Regularization for Feed-Forward Neural Networks (BRNN), and Ensemble Machine Learning (ENS). Nozzle type had the highest predictive value for the properties of number of droplets per cm2 (axial = 69.1%; radial = 66.0%), droplet diameter (axial = 30.6%; radial = 38.2%), and area coverage (axial = 24.6%; radial = 34.8%). Spraying norm had the greatest predictive value for area coverage (axial = 43.3%; radial = 26.9%) and drift (axial = 72.4%; radial = 62.3%). Greater coverage of the treated area and a greater number of droplets were achieved with the radial sprayer, as well as less drift. The accuracy of the machine learning model for the prediction of the treated surface showed a satisfactory accuracy for most properties (R2 = 0.694–0.984), except for the estimation of the droplet diameter for an axial sprayer (R2 = 0.437–0.503).

Barriers to Accessing Legal Aid for Domestic Violence Victims in Rural India: A Study of Uttar Pradesh

This study examines the barriers to accessing legal aid for domestic violence victims in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, where socio-cultural norms, traditional stigmas, and inadequate legal infrastructure create significant obstacles. Despite the legal frameworks established under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) and state-level initiatives, the research identifies critical gaps in knowledge, resources, and accessibility that limit the effectiveness of these services. Through field research, including case studies and interviews with victims, legal aid workers, and community organizations, the study reveals the complex interplay between cultural attitudes and institutional shortcomings that deter victims from seeking justice. The findings highlight the need for a more holistic approach that includes enhanced education and awareness, better training and resources for legal aid providers, and stronger collaboration among stakeholders. By addressing these barriers, the study suggests pathways to improve access to justice for domestic violence victims in rural Uttar Pradesh, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of gender equality and social justice.

Universal Snow Avalanche Modeling Index Based on SAFI–Flow-R Approach in Poorly-Gauged Regions

Most high-mountain regions worldwide are susceptible to snow avalanches during the winter or all year round. In this study, a Universal Snow Avalanche Modeling Index is developed, suitable for determining avalanche hazard in mountain regions. The first step in the research is the collection of data in the field and their processing in geographic information systems and remote sensing. In the period 2023–2024, avalanches were mapped in the field, and later, avalanches as points in geographic information systems (GIS) were overlapped with the dominant natural conditions in the study area. The second step involves determining the main criteria (snow cover, terrain slope, and land use) and evaluating the values to obtain the Snow Avalanche Formation Index (SAFI). Thresholds obtained through field research and the formation of avalanche inventory were used to develop the SAFI index. The index is applied with the aim of identifying locations susceptible to avalanche formation (source areas). The values used for the calculation include Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI > 0.6), terrain slope (20–60°) and land use (pastures, meadows). The third step presents the analysis of SAFI locations with meteorological conditions (winter precipitation and winter air temperature). The fourth step is the modeling of the propagation (simulation) of other parts of the snow avalanche in the Flow-R software 2.0. The results show that 282.9 km2 of the study area (Šar Mountains, Serbia) is susceptible to snow avalanches, with the thickness of the potentially triggered layer being 50 cm. With a 5 m thick snowpack, 299.9 km2 would be susceptible. The validation using the ROC-AUC method confirms a very high predictive power (0.94). The SAFI–Flow-R approach offers snow avalanche modeling for which no avalanche inventory is available, representing an advance for all mountain areas where historical data do not exist. The results of the study can be used for land use planning, zoning vulnerable areas, and adopting adequate environmental protection measures.

Employing the Historic Urban Landscape Approach for Planning of Historic Places: Directions for the Preservation of Kota Lama Gorontalo, in Indonesia

There is a general concern that the development of historic urban areas can damage cultural heritage sites. Kota Lama Gorontalo located in Gorontalo City, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia is such a cultural heritage site. This area was a bustling port city in the past. Its strategic location being between two crowded shipping areas, namely the South China Sea and Tomini Bay has made Kota Lama Gorontalo grow into an important city in Sulawesi, as the center of a traditional kingdom. This study investigates the historical layers of Kota Lama Gorontalo and threats to its preservation. It is based on the premise that by applying the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, historic city areas can be developed to meet the changing functional and technical needs while maintaining their character and identity. The research obtains data related to the past context from archival data, maps, and old photographs. Data related to the present-day context is obtained from field research. The findings show that the long period of existence of Kota Lama Gorontalo has produced a variety of cultural remains that have become the identity of the region. Undeniably, it needs to be preserved because these cultural remains are deteriorating because of the developments that do not heed conservation rules and also because of natural disasters. This paper offers recommendations for the preservation of Kota Lama Gorontalo based on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach.

Tracing the fate of hay meadows with haylofts in Slovakia: A geographical perspective

Abstract The paper focuses on the historical distribution of haylofts in Slovakia, geographical conditions related to hay meadows with haylofts, and land cover changes of former hayloft localities. Moreover, the current state of preserved haylofts and the land use of their surrounding area were documented at a regional scale, during the field research. A map of the historical occurrence of haylofts was digitised based on the Czechoslovakian military topographic maps from 1952–1957 (1:25,000). Altogether, 9,742 haylofts were recorded. The haylofts were usually built in mountain and sub-mountain areas on places with low soil quality, mostly at higher elevations, on moderate or moderately steep slopes and in more distant and isolated areas. About half of former hayloft meadows now exist as meadows or pastures with different intensity of grassland management. Forest or shrubs already cover the other 38% of the sites. To a lesser extent, the areas have been converted into arable land or recreational areas. Only a few haylofts have survived to this day; for example, in Upper Liptov Region, it is only 1% of their former abundance in this area (48 haylofts). Apart from a few positive cases where they have been restored or preserved, those that have survived continue to decay.

Implementasi Moderasi Beragama sebagai Langkah Preventif Terbentuknya Radikalisme di Kalangan Siswa

This research aims to examine the implementation of religious moderation as a preventive measure for the formation of radicalism among students. The students' heterogeneous religious backgrounds and school programs that are oriented towards high tolerance practices make researchers interested in studying the implementation of religious moderation-based learning programs at SMA Negeri 4 Probolinggo City. This research is Field Research, namely qualitative research with analytical descriptive characteristics. The presentation of data in this research is formatted in narrative form with data collection using observation, interview, documentation and analysis of natural documents for each discussion. The research informants consisted of the Principal, Deputy Head of Curriculum, Deputy Head of Student Affairs, Teachers and Students. The research results show that SMAN 4 Probolinggo has implemented the practice of tolerance values ​​which are manifested in the learning process and extracurricular activities. The School Bullying Agent Program (APS) is an important alternative in preventing and resolving problems regarding bullying and religious violence. SMA Negeri 4 Probolinggo City plays an active role in the activities of the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) which is designed to strengthen tolerance and harmony between religious communities in the school environment. The school curriculum is designed to achieve the target of graduates who have a more inclusive and open understanding in preventing the formation of radicalism and strengthening moderate attitudes among students.

Impact of control strategies on energy consumption in cold storage facilities

The fast development of global cold chains has led to a rapid increase in cold storage facilities capacity, in which consumes substantial amounts of energy. However, limited research has been conducted on the energy consumed by cold storage facilities, and the time and economic costs of obtaining long-term measurements of annual energy consumption of cold storage facilities are high. Therefore, in this study, short-term field tests and simulations were combined to establish a transient thermal network model for cold storage, using a specific cold storage case study for validation. The model considers the structure of the hall, which strongly impacts the cooling load. The refrigeration system performance was analyzed on the measured data. Literature and field research have shown temperature range control to be the baseline control strategy used in cold storage refrigeration systems, which ensures that the cold storage temperature remains within the set temperature range at all times. In addition, some researchers have proposed a control strategy based on time-of-use tariff that provides cooling almost throughout the valley period. These two control strategies were applied to frozen and chilled rooms, separately; the results indicated that for both frozen and chilled rooms, the latter control strategy consumes slightly less energy than the former strategy. However, the electricity bill for the latter control strategy are 0.35 and 0.5 times lower than those for the former strategy for frozen rooms and chilled rooms, respectively.