Field Research Methods Research Articles

КВІТКОВИЙ ТУРИЗМ В КАРПАТСЬКОМУ РЕГІОНІ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ТРЕНД РОЗВИТКУ ГАЛУЗІ

The purpose of the scientific research is to reflect on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine the resources of flower tourism, to study the geography of their distribution, as well as the current state and prospects for the development of this type of tourism within the region. Methodology. In the study, the method of scientific systematization of information is used to identify places of flower tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine; the method of field research to identify the specifics of the activities of farms engaged in the cultivation of flowering plants; the location of resources within the region is displayed using the cartographic method. Results. The concept of "flower tourism" is specified, in particular, attention is focused on its belonging to niche types of tourism. The types of resources of flower tourism of the Carpathian region of Ukraine are summarized and their classification by the method of growth and purpose of use is proposed. The list of places for flower tourism in the region is grouped using such parameters as: type of location, presence of a flowering plant, flowering period, etc. It was found out that Zakarpattia region is the leader in the number of flower locations. The region has a wide range of flowering plants - sakura, lavender, crocuses, daffodils, magnolias, tulip trees, and almonds. The map of the geography of flower tourism resources allows to draw conclusions about their location within the region, as well as proximity or distance from the main tourist centers. On the example of the Lviv tour operator "Vidviday", selected tourist products involving places of flower tourism were analyzed. It was revealed that an essential feature of all flower tours is the additional inclusion of other tourist objects in the program of stay. The problems of development are summarized, and conclusions are made regarding the prospects for the development of flower tourism in the region. The scientific novelty of the results is analysis of the resource potential of flower tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, study of created tourist products with the involvement of these resources, as well as justification of the possibilities of their further use in tourism. The practical importance. The obtained research results will be used in the process of forming tourist products in the territory of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, as well as in the educational process of training future specialists in the specialty "Tourism and Recreation". In addition, the findings can be useful for state authorities for the formation of strategies, as well as the implementation of state or regional tourism development programs.

Fishing methods of Can Gio fishermen: tradition and transformation

Can Gio is the only coastal district in Ho Chi Minh City, where its natural conditions are favorable for fishing by a wide range of methods and gears. Therefore, from its ancient days, in addition to agricultural activities, fishing became a means of livelihood for many households in Can Gio. In this article, we have deployed the field research method to study common fishing gears frequently used by fishermen in Can Gio district in the past and present to catch fish in “shallow water and deep water”, specifically, stow nets, other typical nets, hooks and lines, types of rakes, etc. Some fishing gears are still used by Can Gio fishermen today, but have changed adapting to the current conditions, especially in terms of crafting materials as well as fishing areas. The research on the change in fishing gears in Can Gio not only focuses on how fish are caught but also reflects the local fishermen community’s flexible adaptation through their fishing over time. More importantly, this greatly contributes to maintaining and fostering the traditional value of fishing in Can Gio district not only at the present time but also in the future.

Could Digital Literacy Contribute to the Improvement of Green Production Efficiency in Agriculture?

The digital development in rural areas has become an important driving force for promoting green production in agriculture. But the lack of digital skills among farmers remains a problem. The main reason why farmers cannot master digital skills well is their lack of digital literacy, which leads to market information asymmetry and the inability to truly distinguish the difference between green production and traditional production. Based on this, this article uses field research methods to collect data from 1,116 farmers in China, calculates agricultural green production efficiency using the SBM model, and empirically tests the relationship between farmers’ digital literacy and green production efficiency in agriculture. The results showed that digital literacy has a significant promoting effect on agricultural green production efficiency. Secondly, it was found that digital literacy can effectively enhance farmers’ cognition of green agricultural products and green production technology adoption. Among them, the effect of cognition of green agricultural products is reflected in farmers’ self-cognition and market cognition. The green production technology adoption is reflected in the breadth and depth of technology adoption. Third, we discuss the effect of different dimensions of digital literacy on agricultural green production efficiency. The effect of the digital literacy on the production efficiency of the five typical green technologies used by farmers is further discussed. Although there are certain differences, overall, they all have a significant promoting effect. It is necessary to comprehensively improve farmers’ digital literacy, bridge the digital divide and promote the green transformation of agricultural production.

The Utilization of Game-Based Quizizz Application in Learning Education Management for PGMI Students at IAIN Kudus

This research was motivated by the utilization of the quizizz application in learning education management to increase student learning interest in the PGMI study program at IAIN Kudus. The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of quizizz applications by teaching lecturers in education management courses in the PGMI study program at IAIN Kudus. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach using the field research method with the research subjects being PGMI students in class C semester 3 at IAIN Kudus. The results of the study indicate that the utilization of quiziz applications in education management learning greatly supports students' understanding in education management courses, adds to the fun experience, and was motivated in learning, especially in education management courses. The implications of utilizing the quizizz application include: 1) Increasing Student Involvement, 2) Increased Understanding of Material, 3) Increasing Information Retention, 4) Stimulation of Student Creativity, 5) Increased Learning Motivation, 6) Efficiency of Time and Resources, 7) Increased Use of Technology in Learning, 8) More Effective Formative Assessment, 9) Increased Teacher-Student Interaction. The utilization of this game-based quzizz application greatly supports learning for both lecturers and students, and this is an attraction in the management of learning media effectively in the scope of higher education, especially at the IAIN Kudus campus, and becomes a motivation for renewal in the world of education to use learning media more effectively and creatively for the next period

Implementation of Sanctions Against Unlicensed Alcoholic Beverage Sellers in Pekanbaru City Based on Regional Government Regulation No. 13 of 2021 concerning Public Order and Tranquility

This study aims to examine the efforts of Satpol PP as the enforcer of Perda and Perkada in tackling the circulation of alcoholic beverages and the application of sanctions against its sellers in Pekanbaru city as well as the factors that support and inhibit the enforcement of the Law. The research method used is field research method, the research was conducted in pekanbaru city. The type of research in this writing is empirical juridical research, because it approaches the problem from the applicable regulations and the reality in society. the results of this study There are 3 (three) efforts of Satpol pp and related agencies in tackling the circulation of alcoholic beverages, namely: Preincentive efforts, preventive efforts and repressive efforts in this case Satpol PP and related agencies have 3 (three) supporting factors, namely: legal substance factors, informant factors, community leaders factors. and 4 (four) inhibiting factors, namely: human resource factors, intellectual resources of expert investigators, facilities and infrastructure factors of law enforcement, ground rules factors, community factors, and community culture factors

Analisis Kepuasan Pelayanan Aplikasi Maxim pada Pengguna Mahasiswa Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Diniyyah Pekanbaru

The title of this study is "Analysis of Maxim Application Service Satisfaction on Users of Islamic Religious Institute (IAI) Diniyyah Pekanbaru Students". The purpose of this study is motivated by the author's observations to determine the extent of customer satisfaction with the maxim application. In order to collect, compile and process the data in this study, the authors used field research methods (field research). Based on the results of the research that the authors have done, it can be concluded that the Maxim Application Service Satisfaction Analysis for Islamic Religious Institute (IAI) Diniyyah Pekanbaru Student Users is good and quite developed. Meanwhile, the Islamic Economics review of the Maxim Application Service Satisfaction analysis for Diniyyah Pekanbaru Islamic Institute (IAI) Student Users has not applied Islamic sharia principles, because the system sometimes harms both drivers and customers.

BENTUK DAN FUNGSI ENDE MANDIDENG PADA MASYARAKAT DESA KAMPUNG BARU KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL SUMATERA UTARA

The article “The Form and Function of Ende Mandideng in the Community of Kampung Baru Village,Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra”, is a presentation of a study to answer two problems, (1) what is the form of Mandideng singing in the community of Kampung Baru Village, North Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, Province North Sumatra, and (2) how the Mandideng song functions in the culture of the people of Kampung Baru Village. The research in this article applies qualitative research methods using field research methods under the umbrella of Budilinggono and Alan’s theory. P. Merriam about the form of serving as well as function and uses. According to Budilinggono, the presentation form analyzes melodic phrases in songs and song structures related to rhythmic, melodic and time signature motifs. According to Merriam, an analysis of use and function includes a discussion of how music is used in human activities and the reasons why music is used. The results of the research in this article state that Ende Mandideng, in content analysis, reveals the concept of moral instillation in children. In terms of its function, Ende Mandideng has five functions, namely: (1) emotional expression function, functioned to express the parents’ love for their children when putting the child to sleep, (2) entertainment function, functioned as a reliever of parents’ boredom from their daily activities, ( 3) communication function, functions as a means of conveying messages through songs sung by parents to their children, (4) function of strengthening adjustment to social norms, this function can explain that Mandideng songs have the power to instill the child’s mindset. children from childhood in accordance with applicable social norms, especially regarding social norms related to the relationship between children and parents, (5) the function of preserving and stabilizing culture, functioning as the preservation of folk songs which are currently almost being displaced by developments over time.

Natural and cultural tourist experience in San Salvador de los Chachis

This research work has been developed at the San Salvador Center of the Chachi Nationality, located in the Mache Chindúl Reserve, a community that has tourist resources; Both tangible, evidencing its beautiful natural and intangible spaces, as well as ancestral and culinary customs that have become a tourist attraction to be visited by national and international tourists. The lack of knowledge of their existence by visitors, as well as the low appreciation by the residents of the commune, determines the lack of influx of tourists and the loss of opportunities to generate new and better income for their families. Faced with this situation, the purpose of this research is to propose a natural and cultural experience within the San Salvador de los Chachis community in order to potentiate its tourist activity. After the investigation with the field and documentary research method, it was possible to identify what would be of great value to establish as tourist products that meet significant experiences for the tourist. Finally, the proposal was elaborated, which tries to design tourist packages that include all the activities that can be carried out within the community, these packages are for weekends

Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Mercury (Hg) Heavy Metal Exposure (Study on People Consuming Milkfish Around Konawe Industrial Area)

Background: Industrial activities of mining material processing have the potential to cause water pollution. Activities in the Konawe Industrial Estate also require a Steam Power Plant, which has the potential to produce mercury metal (Hg) sourced from coal as raw material. This study aims to analyse the environmental health risks of Hg heavy metal exposure in people who consume milkfish from the Konawe Regency industrial area.
 Methods: This type of research is quantitative research with Field Research and Laboratory Research methods. The population in this study consisted of 2 subjects, namely people living in the Konawe Industrial Estate area and milkfish specimens. Community samples totaled 97 people and specimen samples were taken at 4 pond locations. Data analysis using Environmental Health Risk Assessment (ERA).
 Results: The results of the study obtained the average concentration of mercury heavy metal (Hg) in milkfish was 0.003 mg / kg, the large intake of respondents in consuming milkfish for mercury heavy metal (Hg) was 0.00891 mg / kg / day, and the level of risk of respondents and pollution based on the RQ calculation value was still < 1 .
 Conclusion: People who consume milkfish from the Konawe Industrial Estate do not have a risk of health problems for now and in the next 30 years. Risk management to prevent the emergence of risks is to maintain the rate of intake and frequency of exposure.

DETERMINATION OF DOWRY BASED ON THE BRIDE'S EDUCATIONAL LEVEL REVIEWED ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW

A dowry is a gift that is required for a prospective husband to a prospective wife in marriage, whether in the form of gold, money or useful items mentioned during the marriage contract which are the rights of the woman (wife) in the marriage. In the practice of the people of Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency, the dowry is determined according to the educational level of the prospective bride. The problem and aim of this research is to find out the factors that cause the people of Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency to determine the dowry based on the bride's education level, to find out the view of Islamic law regarding determining the dowry based on the bride's education level. To obtain an answer to this, in this research the author used the Field Research method to draw conclusions using descriptive analytical research, namely explaining in detail the facts found in the field or in society, then analyzing them again to obtain conclusions regarding the problem. in this research. The results of the research show that the determination of the dowry in the traditions of the people of Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency is carried out by looking at the educational level of the bride to be married. Because the position and function of dowry in Jaya District society is a new tradition that can give pride to parents (guardians), future wives and symbolizes a woman's success. Determining the dowry or jeulamei which is based on the education level of the bride in Jaya District, has two legal consequences, namely, if the determination of the dowry based on the woman's education is carried out with the aim of increasing the dignity of women, then it is legal or lawful for them to accept it, but on the contrary, if the determination The dowry or jeulamei is because you want to boast and burden the man or future husband, thereby causing things that are contrary to the Shari'a. This is something that religion does not like very much.

THE PRACTICE OF POLYANDRY MARRIAGE IN WOLWAL VILLAGE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAMIC LAW

This study aims to find out how polyandry marriages are practiced in Wolwal Village, Alor Barat Daya District, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This type of research is a type of qualitative research using field research methods, so that researchers go directly to the community and obtain valid data. The procedure of this research is data collection, data reduction, data presentation and the stage of verification or drawing conclusions. Based on the data collected then analyzed using a sociological normative approach, namely by assessing the facts or realities that exist in society or the values ​​that are held in society, whether marriage is in accordance with the rules of Islamic teachings or actually deviates. The instruments used were observation, interviews, and documentation related to polyandry marriages in Wolwal Village. Based on the research results obtained, the researchers concluded that there were polyandry marriages in Wolwal Village. This marriage was caused on the basis of ignorance about the marriage procedure recommended by Islamic law and also other factors that increased within the perpetrator of the marriage so that the marriage took place. Meanwhile, in a sociological review of Islamic law, there is a prohibition in polyandry marriages due to the fact that in this marriage there will be defects in family relations or in society in general and not knowing the biological children of the couple.

Riba Potentials in DSN-MUI’s Fatwa Concerning Gold Rahn

This study aims to analyse the usury potential contained in the National Sharia Council-MUI Fatwa Number: 26/DSN-MUI/III/2002 about Gold Rahn. This research was conducted to examine the fatwa from the perspective of Usul Fiqh. Islamic Sharia forbids riba (usury) and things that can encourage usury. The things that can encourage the occurrence of usury prohibited by Islamic Sharia are the merger of the Qardh contract and buying and selling, as well as other exchange contract, such as ijarah. On the other hand, Fatwa of the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama (DSN-MUI) Number: 26/DSN-MUI/III/2002 about Gold Rahn actually opens the opportunity for usury because it allows the merger of the qardh and ijarah contract. This research combines literature and field research methods. Data was collected through literature search, documentation techniques and interviews. Triangulation techniques are used to test the validity of data. Next, the data is analysed and concluded. This research found that: 1) the potential for usury is due to the absence of restrictions on taking marhun maintenance fees by Islamic Financial Institutions. If the amount of service fees imposed by the Islamic Bank in maintaining marhun exceeds a reasonable price, the excess is considered usury. 2) The price excess is approved by the customer solely because the customer gets a loan from the Sharia Finance Institution (LKS). Also, LKS wants to provide loans to customers solely because customers want to pay fees that exceed reasonable maintenance costs.

Professional Zakat Collection Management at Baitul Mal Aceh

In line with the developments in the era of human life, especially in the economic field, earning activities through skills and professions will continue to grow from time to time. The determination of professional zakat obligations to him shows that Islamic law is very aspirational and responsive to the times. The Baitul Mal Institution works to manage zakat, religious assets, and other assets, so using field research methods the researcher wants to see the management of professional zakat collection at Baitul Mal Aceh, from the research results it is concluded that the professional zakat collection system at Baitul Mal Aceh is carried out with the first system, you can go to the counter to record your name and then provide a receipt for proof of zakat payment, secondly, you can go through a bank account via the mobile banking application to deliver the zakat/zakat deposit, after the zakat is paid, we will send it to the regional treasury, as for the account number. As for the opportunities and obstacles in collecting professional zakat, namely, the opportunity is that there is still public trust in the management of zakat carried out by Baitul Mal Aceh so that it is motivated to be better, with this opportunity the Baitul Mal continues to strive to increase professional zakat collection.

Upaya Preventif Keluarga Muslim terhadap Perilaku Seks Bebas (Penelitian pada Keluarga Muslim di Kota Bekasi)

The causes of promiscuous sexual behavior are driven by various factors, including a lack of parental attention and control over children. Sex education in the family can be started from an early age and is carried out in simple language that is easy for children to understand. The aim of this research is to find out how much prevention efforts are made by families against free sexual behavior. This type of research is qualitative research using library research and field research methods. The results of this research show that religious education, discussion space, a healthy environment, social guidance, and parental example can be efforts to prevent free sexual behavior. Based on research, it can be concluded that the family has an important role in efforts to prevent promiscuous sexual behavior and that Islam does not ignore education related to sexuality.

The Influence of the STEAM Learning Model on Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Percent Material

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics) learning model on mathematics learning outcomes in percent material in class IV SDIT Al-Fauzi, Medan City. This research uses quantitative field research methods and uses a pre-test and post-test control group design. 22 students from class IV-A were used as the control class and 22 students from class IV-B were used as the experimental class. Multiple choice test instruments are used to determine students' level of knowledge. The t-test is used to analyze research hypothesis data. The one-way anova test is used to analysis homogeneity data. By using one-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 0.05, the sig value is 0.000, which means 0.000 is less than 0.05. This situation shows that the STEAM learning model has a significant impact. In the experimental class, students obtained an average learning result of 81.45 with a difference in pre-test and post-test scores of 52.04. Meanwhile in the control class, students obtained an average learning outcome of 67.90. Therefore, the application of the STEAM model has a significant impact on the learning outcomes of students at SDIT Al-Fauzi Medan City in mathematics learning.

Efektifitas Penggunaan Aplikasi Canva Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Masa Kini Di Era 4.0

Challenges faced by Arabic language learners due to the development of increasingly sophisticated digital technology include the need to remain innovative and creative in creating interesting learning materials, one of which is digital media. The aim of this research is to find out how useful the Canva application is as a tool/medium for learning modern Arabic. The research method used by researchers is a field research method with a qualitative research approach. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach by carrying out objective observations and analysis through collecting data and conclusions as well as explaining several facts found in the field. The findings in the field include: a. Using the Canva application to learn Arabic has succeeded in attracting students' interest and enthusiasm in learning Arabic; b. Using the Canva application to learn Arabic makes it very easy for lecturers to communicate concepts/material and provide feedback; c. Using this app to learn Arabic can improve students' writing skills in an easy, fun, and accessible way. Keywords : Effectiveness, Arabic Language Learning, Canva Application

Assessment of coal mining impact on the geoecological transformation of the Emerald network ecosystem

Purpose. Geoecological assessment of impact on the ecosystem transformation of a part of Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” caused by coal mining at the section of “Ternivska” mine (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) using the methods of remote sensing of the Earth in conditions of limited access to the study object due to the state of martial law in Ukraine. Methodology. A complex of standardized field, paper, laboratory and statistical research methods was used. When studying aquatic vegetation, generally accepted methods for describing the species and coenotic composition of vegetation and hydrobotanical mapping were used. The study on soil vegetation was carried out with the selection and description of the main phytocenoses, features of their composition and distribution on the territory. Floristic studies were carried out according to the method for collecting herbarium material. Field routes were carried out on the land surface along the mining of the coal bed with the recording of destructive changes in the landscape (falls, top-soil breaks, sufosis manifestations, cracks, lowering of the relief) and plant groups – the colour and condition of tree, shrub and grass vegetation. In order to compare visual observation data and obtain representative and reliable research results, the facility was monitored additionally using modern geoinformation systems. A satellite observation tool was used; it allowed searching, processing, and obtaining information from satellite data according to various indexes: WRI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI. Findings. Negative consequences of the impact of the coal mine “Ternivska” on the geological and ecological transformation of the Emerald network ecosystem “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” have been established. It has been proven that long-term underflooding and flooding of lands leads to a change in the species composition of the forest stand, the death of the understory and grass layer, and the complete destruction of the existing plant and animal communities. In flooded areas of oak forests and pine plantations, forest species die out and wetland plant species spread. Over three years (2020–2023), the area of visible and established flooding according to remote sensing data has increased from 1 to 6 hectares, respectively. Originality. Dynamics of the process of the land surface subsidence and protected area flooding has been established according to the data of open-source geoinformation systems and the comparison of various satellite data indexes (WRI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI). Gradual changes in the species composition of the forest stand, the death of the understory and the grass layer were revealed. It has been confirmed that long-term flooding leads to the complete destruction of existing plant and animal communities, the destruction of compound complexes of soil mesofauna makes development impossible for the terrestrial invertebrate species that lived in these biotopes before their destruction, including species from the Red List of Ukraine and protected by the Berne Convention. Practical value. In the conditions of limited access for conducting direct geodetic and engineering-geological studies, the methodology of using modern GIS by combining various spectral channels (indexes) is substantiated to determine and study the dynamics of the underflooding (flooding) process in the territory. In combination with traditional field geobotanical research, the results of monitoring observations of the coal mining activity and its impact on the geoecological transformation of the ecosystem of the Emerald Network object are presented for the first time in the region. The negative impact of mining activity on natural conservation areas, which leads to the death and gradual change in the species composition of plants, has been determined.

TRADISI MENGHADIAHKAN PAHALA SURAT AL-FATIHAH KEPADA MAYIT

The reading of Surat Al-Fatihah for mayit is a tradition that is commonly carried out in the community regardless of differences of opinion regarding the delivery of merit to mayit. The results of this study mention that the tradition of reading Al-Fatihah is included as 'urf yang shahih. The difference of opinion conveyed the reading reward is caused by differences in scholars in using propositions that discuss a problem. But this difference should not create divisions between groups because a difference is a grace that must be addressed properly. This research uses a field research method with a deductive approach to see the phenomenon of the tradition of rewarding mayit, then condensed through related postulates. From this research, it was obtained that there were several differences in scholars regarding the delivery of merit to mayit or not. The difference is due to differences in the use of postulates. Some scholars consider that the hadith can be understood textually while others understand it contextually.

Development of Equation for Predicting of Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Individuals During Nighttime in Tropical Humid Climate

The sun's heat factor is the leading cause of discomfort when doing outdoor activities, which does not happen at night. However, it is also necessary to ensure that humans feel comfortable at night, even without sunlight. This study aims to develop a regression equation to predict the comfort scale of humans doing outdoor activities at night in humid tropical climates. This study applied a field research method involving 80 adult respondents consisting of 40 men and 40 women in an outdoor location in a humid tropical climate. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. Respondents as subjects were asked about their comfort level when they received local climate penetration that touched their bodies. At the same time, climate variables around the issue were measured. The climate measured consists of air temperature, radiation temperature, relative humidity, and air speed. The data analysis technique is quantitative descriptive. The research results found 2 regression equations, namely for the case of people sitting and walking casually. The regression equation was then validated by comparing it with other equations, namely PMV and PET. The regression equation from this study helps make decisions about facilities and outdoor space design that provide a sense of comfort for humans during the funeral.

ANALISIS MATRIKS BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) PADA STRATEGI RETAIL SALES MOBIL MEREK TOYOTA DALAM UPAYA MERAIH KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DI GRUP PT. ASTRA INTERNATIONAL TBK

The automotive industry is one of the prospective industries to continue to be developed in order to improve product competitiveness and in turn will increase the contribution to the value of exports and economic growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the position of the automotive industry market growth rate focusing on Toyota car brands based on market growth and market share, using the BCG matrix. The unit of analysis is all car brands including the PT group. Astra International Tbk, which consists of Toyota, Daihatsu, Honda, Mitsubishi, Motors and Suzuki. The object of analysis is the number of retail car sales. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. This research method uses descriptive research type. The method of data collection carried out in this paper is by field research methods that include library research methods. Based on the calculation of the BCG matrix to find out market growth (market growth) has been known to decline by - 3.8% from the previous year - 4.7% shows the growth of the High School market share is not satisfactory, while the calculation of relative market share in 2017 the results are 3.03 and in 2018 the results are 2.36 and based on these two results, it can be described that the position of the Toyota brand car is in the quadrant III of Cash Cows.
 Keywords: BCG Matrix, PT. Astra International, Tbk, Toyota