Field Of Urban Planning Research Articles

“Mobility game”: interactive technology for urban planning education

Modern trends in the development of urban planning education dictate the need to implement new innovative technologies for comprehension of urban processes. The idea «from Smart Cities to Smart Territories» determines the current interest for the introduction of software systems that allow students creating and studying a smart urban environment. The article is devoted to the introduction of interactive technologies to improve the quality of the educational process in the field of urban planning. The relevance of the topic is due to modern trends in the digitalization of the urban environment. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and importance of interactive technologies in the formation of professional competencies of students in the planning and design of a smart city and its transport system. There is the analysis of possibilities of the software complex “Mobility game”. This interactive game allows creating a city and developing its transport infrastructure based on specific quantitative and qualitative parameters of development of the road network, the composition of the transport system and the mobility of the population. The software package takes into account modern trends in the development of smart urban transport, such as changes in the composition of the traffic flow, increasing the number of micro-cars and passenger transport, the rapid development of information technologies for travel support, and allows students visually exploring the interaction and mutual influence of various parameters in practical classes. The application spectrum of this software is broad. In addition to communicating essential relationships between urban development issues and the necessary transport infrastructure in education contexts, local planning situations can also be modelled using defined scenarios. The implementation of interactive technologies is a proven scientific and practice-oriented tool for this purpose.

Influence of outdoor thermal environment on clothing and activity of tourists and local people in a severely cold climate city

Outdoor thermal environment has become a critical factor in both architecture design and urban planning field, and some researchers argued that the reactions of different people to outdoor environments should be considered, for instance, age, gender and so on. While tourists are exposed to an outdoor environment of unfamiliar climate in a short period, and their clothing and activity level which are supposed to be different from local people are surely to influence their outdoor thermal environment experiences, which need to be clearly revealed. This study investigated 1740 samples in Harbin, China, and 844 samples in summer and 896 samples in winter were gathered. The samples were divided into local people and tourists, and their reactions of clothing insulation and activity level to the outdoor environment were studied. The results show that the local people and tourists reacted to the outdoor environment by clothing insulation in both summer and winter, and the tourists dressed more clothing in winter than the local people. The tourists’ activity level was not influenced by the outdoor thermal environment, which should be due to a pre-made plan when they traveled to a new place, as for the local people, their activity level was influenced by the outdoor environment in summer, higher air temperature led to higher activity level, and in winter, it seems that they did not react to the outdoor environment clearly, and they preferred to do more activities in late morning and afternoon, to avoid the very cold early morning maybe.

HEALTH AND WELLBEING RE-VISITED; AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TOWARDS A “HEALTHY & WELLBEING” UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

“Health and wellbeing”, buzzword of the era! Whether the term is revolutionizing the way people think about buildings or not is still under investigation. Nevertheless, it certainly explores how design, operations and behaviors within the places where we live, work, learn and play can be optimized to advance human health and wellbeing. Knowing that the term has the possibility of being applied to different scales and arenas, this research focuses on the scale of university campuses. Numerous studies have revealed that university campuses could play a substantial role in boosting the innovation within communities and reinforcing the mission of developing human resources aligned with fostering competitive technological advantages. In cities, societies tend to maximize their competitive benefits to attract more talents and investment. Thus, reconstructing the relationship between campus and the city is becoming more substantial for the survival and flourishes of these communities. This research is an exploratory study building on the epistemological promises of the term; “health and wellbeing” on a communal level; the level of university campuses. The objective is to conceptualize a model that would help us study, create and or evaluate university campuses. The argument follows an inductive qualitative approach building on available knowledge in the field of urban and environmental planning and reaching to applications in the field of health and wellbeing certification. A systems approach ties the elements together with a final exploratory model on its applicability. This would certainly help designers, policymakers and others to evaluate, enhance and create university campuses that would raise the banner or health and wellbeing.

Subjects and Objects of Town-Planning Legal Relations

The article substantiates the relevance of scientific analysis of the composition of town-planning relations for further development of legal regulation of town-planning and increase in efficiency of law enforcement activities in the field of urban planning. Based on the study of scientific sources, the author concludes that there is insufficient legal research in the field of legal regulation of urban planning. The paper shows the legal and scientific significance of studying the composition and specifics of town-planning relations for the further development of town-planning legislation and the formation of town-planning law. On the basis of the system analysis of the current town-planning and related legislation, the author provides for the legal characteristics of subjects and objects of town-planning legal relations taking into account the specifics of urban planning activity depending on their particular type, their features, problems of definition and identification, differentiation from related legal relations. The author proposes a possible classification of subjects and objects of town-planning relations depending on the type of town-planning activity and their nature.

The Most Frequently Cited Topics in Urban Planning Scholarship

Analyses of faculty citation activity usually focus on counts as a function of author characteristics, such as rank, gender, previous citation levels, and other factors influencing productivity and career path. Citation analyses of publications consider aspects, such as the number of authors, author reputation, author order, length of the title, methodology, and impact factors of the publication. While publication topics or discipline is considered important factors, they are more difficult to analyze, and therefore, performed less frequently. This article attempts to do that for the field of urban planning. Urban planning is multi-disciplinary and includes consideration of social, economic, technological, environmental, and political systems that shape human settlement patterns. It has been suspected that some topics are more “popular” and have larger audiences, therefore, are cited more often. Using nearly 15,000 urban planning publications, this article presents an analysis of topics to assess which are cited most frequently. The classification of publications was performed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a machine learning (ML) approach to text classification, using citation data from Google Scholar. The citation levels for the resulting categories are analyzed and discussed.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ ПРИ ЗДІЙСНЕННІ ПУБЛІЧНО-СЕРВІСНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У СФЕРІ МІСТОБУДУВАННЯ

The article is devoted to topical issues of public administration tasks in the implementation of public service activities in the field of urban planning. The author notes that the analysis of the types of administrative services provided to entities (individuals and legal entities) determines the low level of development and some uncertainty in the regulations for the provision of such services. It is noted that the service state is formed from a number of important and interconnected elements, one of which is its social purpose, which is manifested in the activities of public authorities in the process of providing public services. The article defines urban planning activity as a system with polysubjective composition, as it is a purposeful activity of state bodies, local governments, enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, associations of citizens to create and maintain a full living environment, which includes forecasting development settlements and territories, planning, construction and other use of territories, design, construction of urban planning facilities, construction of other facilities, reconstruction of historic settlements while preserving the traditional nature of the environment, restoration and rehabilitation of cultural heritage sites, creation of engineering and transport infrastructure. It is emphasized that when studying the public service activities of public administration bodies, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the improvement of the procedure of its implementation and legislative regulation and regulation has not only service but also law enforcement content. Based on the identified aspects of public service activities of public authorities in the field of urban planning, it is possible to formulate such tasks that should help create appropriate conditions for individuals and legal entities, under which the latter are able to effectively implement and protect their rights guaranteed by law. , freedoms and legitimate interests: development and implementation of effective tools, methods and techniques of service policy in the field of urban planning; introduction of clear mechanisms for the provision of services by public authorities and further implementation of the Unified State Electronic System in the field of construction, etc.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ САДОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА ОЗЕЛЕНЕНИЕ ГОРОДОВ ВЬЕТНАМА

The article analyzes the role of the French protectorate in the development of the greening system of major cities in Vietnam. The article presents political, economic and religious facts that influenced domestic policy in the field of urban planning and landscape architecture in the period from 1858 to 1954. The French protectorate period was an important milestone in the history of Vietnamese architecture. The French made significant changes to the construction art of Vietnam with its traditional wooden architecture. They built homes using new technologies such as mansard roofs, terraces, and balconies, and also used new materials for Vietnam - cement, steel, concrete, ceramic tiles, and slate. It is shown that in the initial period of French rule in Vietnam, only European traditions were used in architecture and Park construction, and after the 1st world war, with the acquisition of a certain negative experience, they began to take into account the traditions of local construction art and the climatic conditions of the region. A significant contribution of French specialists was made in the first attempts to select types of woody plants for urban gardening that meet the requirements of safety and street hygiene. French influence in the garden culture of Vietnam shifted the vector of development of this area of activity towards Europeanization. This is especially evident in the structure of urban squares and the ways in which plants were formed according to the laws of European topiary art, which required regular planning.

Specific features of urbanization processes in uzbekistan (1950–1990)

The twentieth century has been admitted nuclear age, the age of science and technology in history. This century can also be called the age of urbanization. Because during this period, urbanization processes have developed rapidly throughout the world. During this period, the process of urbanization in Uzbekistann happened in a complex way. On the one hand, the changes in globalization, on the other hand, the policy of the Soviet state and the leading ideology in the field of urban planning were among the factors influencing the development of cities in the republic. In particular, Uzbekistann became one of the moderately urbanized areas in the second half of the twentieth century. The article analyzes the processes of urbanization in Uzbekistann in 1950–1990, its essence and specific features, and highlights the factors that influenced it.

Toward a Multi-Dimensional Ontology Model for Urban Planning

In the recent past years, the major challenge facing scientists and researchers in the field of knowledge engineering is classifying and sharing geographic data with both computer and human. Ontology is one of the most important classification schemes that aim to make data machine-interpretable. In the literature, all ontology based models developed in the field of urban planning have some limits. First, they describe the nature of each parcel of the soil while ignoring other important components of urban planning such as services, infrastructure … Secondly, these ontologies are developed according to legislation and regulations of the zone studied so they can’t be used by some urban territories that have specific urban law such as Moroccan country. This paper presents a new multi-dimensional ontology model called LUP specifically developed to overcome this flaw. The main goal is to provide semantic land use descriptions according to four dimensions: zoning, services, infrastructure and easement and to define all LUP concepts within the Moroccan urban law. We illustrate the use of our proposed model with a case study by mapping a land use planning document within the area of Ainchock municipality of Casablanca city according to our model concepts.

Methods and Principles of Activity of Subjects of Administrative-Legal Relations in the Field of Urban Planning

Methods and Principles of Activity of Subjects of Administrative-Legal Relations in the Field of Urban Planning

Deep Learning From Spatio-Temporal Data Using Orthogonal Regularizaion Residual CNN for Air Prediction

Air pollution is harmful to human health and restricts economic development, so predicting when and where air pollution will occur is a challenging and important issue, especially in fields of urban planning, factory production and human activities. In this paper, we propose a deep Spatio-Temporal Orthogonal Regularization Residual CNN (ST-OR-ResNet) for air prediction. Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is presented to capture the complex spatio-temporal relation of the dynamic biased meteorological data. Residual learning is designed to avoid unpredictable oscillations when training the network and verifying errors. For the issue of characteristic statistical migration and saddle point proliferation in deep network, the orthogonality regularizations are designed to stabilize the back-propagation errors, utilizing various advanced analytical tools such as restricted isometry property without extra hassle. We then benchmark their effects on public real-world datasets to demonstrate that ST-OR-ResNet has better predictive performance than the state-of-the-art methods.

Evaluating the Practicability of the new Urban Climate Model PALM-4U using a Living-Lab Approach

Numerical urban climate models have the potential to be commonly used tools in urban development processes in practice. With integrated modules for building and envelope simulation these complex models allow the assessment of measures in the building sector on the urban climate, e.g. for mitigation of urban heat island effects or preparing for the effects of climate change. However, the currently existing models do not fulfil the requirements that arise in the field of urban planning, as they lack for example functionality, user-friendliness, are hard to integrate in the municipalities’ technical equipment or are not freely available. The German research and development project Urban Climate under Change (2016-2019) developed and validated a new innovative urban climate model called PALM-4U. Aim of the research was to create a model that meets the requirements of users in science as well as practitioners in engineering offices and urban administrations. Therefore, technical features and operational functionalities which the model has to meet to support users in their daily work have been assessed in a first project phase. In total more than 200 requirements were collected which are summed up in the so called “User and Requirements Catalogue”. They served as the basis for testing and evaluating the model’s real-world applicability. To ensure that these complex requirements are met, the whole project follows a transdisciplinary approach integrating science (model development and data assimilation) and practice (user requirements, testing and evaluation) applying a living lab approach: Stakeholders from participating cities and companies took part in on-site workshops, introducing the model with practical use-cases. Afterwards, participants were given tasks covering different features of the model’s applications, which they tested in personal use. The model fulfils the majority of the tested requirements and the users appreciated the model’s concept and functionality. But further development is necessary to provide the practitioners a tool that is applicable in their daily work: Preparation of input data, a user-friendly graphical user-interface, enhanced interfaces to other software and planning tools, use cases that were prepared from experts as well as guidelines and tools for result assessment and interpretation were main suggestions for improvement..

Theoretical foundations of the impact of documentation on urbanization and territory development

In an urban environment, the issue of the organization and development of spaces is particularly relevant and significant. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and importance of the preparation of urban planning and land management documentation in the process of development of the territory and urbanization. It is noted that the process of territorial development entails an increase in business, social, and, at the same time, construction activity. So, there is a need to improve infrastructure, development, reconstruction, as well as ensuring an acceptable ecological state of the environment. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that in order to achieve significant results in the field of urban planning, the use of tools in the form of developed and approved urban planning and land management documentation is required, which will effectively organize the urban planning industry, thereby overcoming numerous and intractable social issues, and also contribute to raising quality of life.

ПРЕДЫСТОРИЯ СОВЕТСКОГО ТИПА ЖИЛИЩА: ПРОЕКТЫ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conditions for the formation of the new concepts of urban planning and the process of searching for new types of habitation in pre-revolutionary Russia. The author investigates the prerevolutionary theoretical and practical experience in the urban planning and housing policy of the first years of Soviet power. The article examines aspects of urbanization in Russia and analyzes the complex of problems that arose in the field of urban development and housing planning by the beginning of the XX century. In the context of the problem, the specificity of the living conditions of the urban population in the capital and provincial cities of the Russian Empire, types of housing and projects for solving the housing problem are investigated. The article touches upon the problems of the hierarchy of urban space and the revolutionary redistribution of housing in the first years of Soviet power. The article considers the key concepts that influenced the development of domestic urban planning ideas: the idea of a garden city, housing cooperatives, low-rise types of habitation, and communal houses. Based on specific examples from the history of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Yaroslavl, the experience of the development and implementation of these concepts in pre-revolutionary Russia, as well as the experience of their transformation and adaptation in the soviet urban planning policy of the first years of Soviet power, is investigated. The experience of the domestic theory and practice of urban planning is studied in the aspect of socio-economic and socio-political factors that determine the trends and tasks of developing new forms of settlement, types of housing and methods for solving the housing problem in pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia in the first quarter of the XX century. The factors of the emergence of the phenomenon of a communal apartment as a type of housing specific for Soviet Russia and its relationship with sociocultural practices of the previous period are investigated.

Природно-климатические и экологические аспекты в архитектурно-градостроительном проектировании и исследовании жилой среды

The article is devoted to the problems of studying the natural and climatic aspect of the living environment formation in architectural and urban planning. The history of the issue is considered, scientific and qualification research from the 1960-s and 1970-s is analyzed. At present, there are observed tendencies of direct borrowing and transferring from the West of some new «techniques and principles», as well as putting forward rather superficial ideas regarding the transformation of the living environment, while fundamental domestic developments of the Soviet and post-Soviet times are often forgotten and ignored. Special attention is paid to the subject, problems and results of dissertation research in the field of architecture and urban planning, as well as related technical sciences. In addition, material from works on such branches as sociology and geography, biology and agriculture is considered.

Draft of Preface

Dear honorable speakers, participants, board of committees, guests, ladies, and gentlemenOn behalf of the 2019 ICUDEP organizing committee, I am honored and glad to welcome you to the 1st International Conference on Urban Design and Planning (ICUDEP) 2019, with the theme "Challenges and Opportunities: Towards Sustainable Urban Design". The conference is expected to be an interactive international forum for sharing and exchanging the latest research information on sustainable urban design and planning, resilient and healthy cities, urban rural relations.Our technical program is rich and varied with 4 keynote speeches and around 80 technical papers divided into 4 parallel oral presentation sessions. The participants come from various countries and from all over Indonesia consisting of researchers, lecturers, practitioners, graduate students and scholars from various institutions. A large number of papers submitted to this conference show that interest in the field of urban design and planning is increasing in the country and throughout the world. We also proudly present plenary speakers who are eligible to share their valuable information and knowledge at this conference. On behalf of the 2019 ICUDEP committee, we hope that all participants have good results. We would like to express our appreciation to the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, and the main speakers. On this occasion, I also want to thanks to the organizing team of the Laboratory of Urban Design, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University for all their hard work and dedication in preparing this conference. We tried our best in organizing this event, we humbly realized that we might still lack in some parts. Therefore we want to apologize for any inconvenience caused. We are proud to present ICUDEP 2019, and hopefully inspire us.Dr. Ars. Ir. Rina Kurniati, MT.Chair of Organizing Committee1st International Conference on Urban Design and Planning (ICUDEP) 2019

Pravni aspekti upravljanja rizicima od poplava

Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy and Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks are basic regulations in the field of flood protection at the EU level. Serbia is currently in the process of harmonization of legal regulations in this field. The paper analyzes three phases of flood management envisaged in the Floods Directive, as well as their application in some European countries and Serbia. The problems that have arisen in the implementation process are considered, with special emphasis on the issues related to the development and implementation of flood hazard maps and flood risk maps as well as the practices of different countries regarding their use, particularly in the field of spatial and urban planning and insurance. The implications of applying these maps in Serbia are currently uncertain. The question is to what extent and in which areas they will be used. The analysis of their usage in individual countries, provided in this paper, can be a starting point when considering different solutions and possibilities for their integration into the domestic system. In addition to national flood risk mitigation measures, international cooperation in this area is also very significant. For this reason, one part of the paper focuses on international agreements on water management, which are important for Serbia and contain provisions on flood-related issues.

Planners between the Chairs: How Planners (Do Not) Adapt to Transformative Practices

Even though the turn to practice is widely accepted in the field of urban planning, the practices of planners are empirically largely unexplored. Looking at the daily routines and practices of urban planners thus allows a deeper insight into what planning is, and how planning practices are related to innovation and transformation. To do so, we start from the assumption that behaviour is a constellation of practices, including certain activities, a set of choices and actions, patterns of behaviour or forms of interaction that is organised in a certain space or context by common understandings and rules. By conducting an online survey among planners in medium-sized German cities, we first identified a wide range of planning practices and activities in general. In a second step, we conducted a statistical cluster analysis resulting in six types of planners: (1) the ‘local-specific analysts,’ (2) the ‘experienced generalists,’ (3) the ‘reactive pragmatists,’ (4) the ‘project-oriented planners,’ (5) the ‘compensatory moderators,’ and (6) the ‘innovative designers.’ Each cluster has specific practices and activities, linked to characteristic value-sets, role interpretations and self-perceptions that might help explain the differences with regard to innovation and transformation. From the identified six groups or clusters of planners, only two clusters more or less consequently aim at innovation, experimentation and new approaches. One cluster is dedicated to collaborative practices whereas traditional practices predominate in three clusters at least, mainly because of legal requirements. This is the result of an increasing ‘formalisation’ of land-use planning, making planners focus on technical and formal practices, and, at the same time, lead to the reduced ‘attention’ to and implementation of conceptual approaches or ‘necessary’ transformative practices, including proactive approaches and strategic coordination with regard to sustainable urban development, but also comprising experiments, real labs or social innovations.

De-Colonising Planning Education? Exploring the Geographies of Urban Planning Education Networks

Urban planning as a networked field of governance can be an essential contributor for de-colonising planning education and shaping pathways to urban equality. Educating planners with the capabilities to address complex socio-economic, environmental and political processes that drive inequality requires critical engagement with multiple knowledges and urban praxes in their learning processes. However, previous research on cities of the global South has identified severe quantitative deficits, outdated pedagogies, and qualitative shortfalls in current planning education. Moreover, the political economy and pedagogic practices adopted in higher education programmes often reproduce Western-centric political imaginations of planning, which in turn reproduce urban inequality. Many educational institutions across the global South, for example, continue teaching colonial agendas and fail to recognise everyday planning practices in the way cities are built and managed. This article contributes to a better understanding of the relation between planning education and urban inequalities by critically exploring the distribution of regional and global higher education networks and their role in de-colonising planning. The analysis is based on a literature review, quantitative and qualitative data from planning and planning education networks, as well as interviews with key players within them. The article scrutinises the geography of these networks to bring to the fore issues of language, colonial legacies and the dominance of capital cities, which, among others, currently work against more plural epistemologies and praxes. Based on a better understanding of the networked field of urban planning in higher education and ongoing efforts to open up new political imaginations and methodologies, the article suggests emerging room for manoeuvre to foster planner’s capabilities to shape urban equality at scale.

Multi-Criteria Analysis of Design Solutions in Architecture and Engineering: Review of Applications and a Case Study

The primary goal of this paper is to present the application potential of MCDM/MCDA (multi-criteria decision-making/multi-criteria decision analysis) methods in the field of architecture and urban planning and in energy efficient construction, especially in the context of sustainable development paradigm. The first part of this paper is devoted to literature studies pertaining to multi-criteria decision-making support in the selected fields. On the basis of the delivered review, it was demonstrated that the most popular methods belonging to the MCDM/MCDA group that have been used so far for the purpose of resolving selected decision-making challenges, is the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method with modifications, TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) method, as well the up-and-coming COPRAS (complex proportional assessment) method. In addition, by reviewing the literature, it was found that MCDM/MCDA methods constitute an effective support tool at the stage of evaluating and selecting project solutions, and are especially helpful in framing various social, economic, environmental criteria that are permanently linked to the rule of sustainable development. The empirical section of this paper, through a case study, presents a comparative analysis of the classical AHP method with its extension onto fuzzy sets. The case study pertained to the criteria for the location of single-family residential buildings with solar installations.