Super High Frequency Field Research Articles

Development and substantiation of the electrodynamic parameters of a continuous operation radio wave installation for the heat treatment of eggs

Introduction. The existing methods of cooking eggs in water and with steam have a high energy intensity. Currently, the problem of continuity of the technological process is still not solved. That is why, in order to reduce energy consumption, reduce water consumption and intensify the process of heat treatment of eggs, we consider it relevant to use the energy of the electromagnetic field of super high frequency (SHFEMF) in a special temperature regime without using water.Methodology. Three-dimensional modeling of the installation was carried out in the Compass 18.0 program, the justification of the heat treatment modes was carried out by analytical methods, to identify the optimal parameters (energy consumption and temperature regime) of the proposed installation, second-degree least squares polynomials were used, in particular, a rotatable second-order planning matrix, statistical analysis of the matrix was carried out in a software package for statistical analysis Statistica 12, confirmation of analytical data with empirical data was carried out in the CST Microwave Studio program for three-dimensional modeling of electromagnetic field propagation processes in the Eigenmode calculation module, where patterns of electric and magnetic field intensity distribution in a spherical resonator were studied.Results. The structural design of the conveyortype radio wave installation allows for heat treatment of eggs when moving in dielectric cups through slotted spherial resonators. The borehole of the process is less than 0.5 due to the location of the cups in the resonators and between them in relation 4:9. The value of the resonator's own Q-factor reaches 8800. The visualization in the program shows a uniform distribution of the electric field in the resonator, with a voltage of 1.5–3 kV/cm, which ensures high sterility of the product. From the regression models compiled on the basis of the matrix of rotatable planning of the second-order experiment, it follows that the effective duration of exposure to EMF is 154 s, the specific energy costs are equal to 143 Wh/kg. The speed of rotation of the conveyor gear motor is 0.4 rpm.

Optimization of structural and technological modes of operation of the microwave wax melter

Introduction. The research is aimed at substantiating the optimal design and technological parameters and operating modes of the microwave installation being developed, designed to implement the process of processing wax raw materials with preliminary separation and preservation of honey fraction contained therein.Methodology. The effective modes of heat treatment of apiary raw materials in a microwave wax melter were determined through regression models obtained during the implementation of the matrix of threefactor active planning of a multifactorial experiment.Results. The main factors influencing the process of heat treatment of the sail are revealed: the specific power of microwave energy generators, the duration of exposure to the electromagnetic field of super high frequency, the humidity of the feedstock. The expediency of implementing microwave technology for processing wax raw materials in a two-module installation containing hemispherical resonators to ensure continuous operation in compliance with electromagnetic safety, as well as control of technological parameters is proved.

Comparative analysis of microwave granulators implementing electrophysical methods for processing secondary agricultural raw materials

Introduction. A promising direction for granulation of combined secondary raw materials of animal and vegetable origin is high-temperature molding of granules under the influence of an electromagnetic field of super highfrequency (SHF-EMF), which improves the microbiological parameters of protein feed.Results. Microwave granulators of multicomponent raw materials containing different design versions of resonators have been developed— for example, toroidal, cylindrical and ellipsoidal resonators. The electrodynamic parameters of these resonators are determined and the technical characteristics of the granulators are described. The required specific heat for the processing of secondary fat-containing raw materials has been calculated. With a granulator capacity of 200 kg/h and a specific power of the microwave generator of 1.4–2 W/g, the duration of exposure to the raw material weighing 0.8–1 kg in the resonator chamber should be 10–12 s. This ensures the minimum specific energy costs of 0.06 kW·h/kg.

RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY FIELD ON GREEN TEA EXTRACTION AND EXTRACT QUALITY

The article characterises non-brick green tea as a product of mass consumption. It has been described how practical it is to produce liquid extracts based on it and use them further in the non- alcoholic drinks technology. Achieving high yields of extractives from tea requires intensification of the mass transfer process. The analysis of scientific sources has shown that pre-treatment of raw materials is one of the most promising methods for this purpose. The article presents comparative characteristics of green tea extracts obtained using pre- treatment in the super high frequency field and of ones produced without it. The optimal power of the super high frequency field for extracts heated up to 60°С has been selected and analysed. If the energy of super high frequency is applied to a fresh mixture of tea and an extractant, with its further extraction in a rotary extractor IKA-RV-10 at the dilution 280 mBr, the yield of extractives doubles. The action of the microwave field leads to a 40% increase in the content of extractives in the resulting extract: the yield of phenolic substances increases by 44%, of caffeine by 45%, of substances with vitamin P activity by 23%, compared with the extracts produced without additional treatment. However, the chlorophyll and aldehyde content decreases. Pre-treatment with super high frequency energy in the course of green tea extraction helps effectively extract phenolic compounds like catechins that affect the taste of final beverages. This technique allows doubling the yield of catechins. Besides, it has been confirmed that the chemical composition (namely the quantity of hydroxyl groups in the catechin structure) determines the intensity of the transition of catechins into the composition of the extract. The findings on the safety of the extracts obtained have allowed establishing that though the contents of mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, and iron increase, they do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. This proves the safety of the extracts produced. The research results obtained make it possible to intensify the plant extract production technology without using any special extractors.

Substantiation of the ecological method application for disinfection and biostimulation of spring wheat seeds in the Krasnoyarsk territory forest-steppe zone

The article presents the testing results of effective modes of the electromagnetic field of super-high frequency in the field conditions, the influence on the germination of spring wheat seeds, and the reduction of infection with the most harmful microorganisms. In the conditions of high seeds infection in the Krasnoyarsk territory, the developed technology of microwave seeds disinfection is relevant due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. The research object is the spring wheat variety – Novosibirskaya 15. Recording was performed using existing methods and State Standards. The conducted research and the obtained results allow to conclude that the electromagnetic field of super-high frequency has a positive effect on the formation of the main elements of the yield structure, the actual yield, as well as significantly reduces the infection rate and increases the spring wheat seeds germination.

The effectiveness of the modes of the super-high frequency electromagnetic field on the viability and infection of the second generation barley seeds

This article presents the results of experimental studies, the assessment of barley seeds contamination obtained from effective variants of exposure by the electromagnetic field of super-high frequency, tested in laboratory and field conditions, pathogens genera Bipolaris, Fusarium and Alternaria. The positive effect of the super-high frequency electromagnetic field is manifested not only in barley seeds treated immediately before sowing, but also persists in the second generation, i.e. after harvesting. At the same time, there is a significant decrease in the infection rate of samples for both external and internal infection.

Experimental Research of Heat Carrier Parameters when Exposed to Electromagnetic Field of Super-High Frequency

In order to evaluate the initial requirements for a coolant when designing an installation for obtaining the energy of the “water – ice” phase transition, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies on the thermophysical and electrophysical parameters of the coolant. The type of chosen coolant determines the power of the developed installation. ( Research purpose ) Experimental determination of the thermophysical and electrophysical parameters of the coolant when exposed to an electromagnetic field of super-high frequency, with the prospect of using this coolant in the developed installation. ( Materials and methods ) The authors used water and a saline solution of sodium chloride at a concentration of 1–20 percent as a coolant in the developed experimental installation for obtaining the energy of the “water-ice” phase transition. When exposed to an electromagnetic field of super-high frequency (microwave oven Mystery MMW-2315G) with a power of 800 watts and a magnetron frequency of 2450 megahertz, the treatment time was alternatively set at 30, 60 and 120 seconds. Measurements were taken of freezing temperature, pH of water and solutions, electrical conductivity, and salt concentration. ( Results and discussion ) It has been found that when a super-high-frequency electromagnetic field affects a sodium chloride solution at a concentration of 20 percent, its freezing temperature decreases from 16.6 degrees Celsius below zero to 18.5 degrees Celsius below zero, for a eutectic solution - from 21.2 degrees Celsius below zero to 25 degrees Celsius below zero, while pH and salt concentration increase, and specific electrical conductivity decreases as well. ( Conclusions ) The authors have selected an optimal coolant for the developed experimental installation: a saline solution of sodium chloride at a concentration of 20 percent and a freezing temperature of 16.6 degrees Celsius below zero. It is recommended to provide additional capacity for the electrophysical treatment of the coolant. It has been determined that after the super-high frequency electromagnetic treatment, the freezing temperature of the saline solution dropped to 18.5 degrees Celsius below zero.

The development of the environmentally safe method for disinfection and biostimulation of spring wheat seeds using electro-magnetic field of super-high frequency

The article presents the laboratory experiment results aimed at determining the effective modes of electro-magnetic field of super-high frequency (EMFSHF) and their impact on the laboratory germination of spring wheat seeds, reducing the infection by the most harmful microorganisms. In the conditions of high seeds contamination in the Krasnoyarsk territory, the developed technology of microwave disinfection of spring wheat seeds is relevant due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. The analysis of the results shows that the effective mode of the microwave field in which the infection of wheat grain with phytopathogenic microflora in the established thresholds of harmfulness, along with the simultaneous preservation of sowing qualities, is the variant with Psp = 650 W/dm3 and τ = 90 – 60 seconds.

Application of Ecologically Clean Technology to Drying of Iron-Ore Pellets

One of the advanced and unconventional forms of energy, i.e. super high frequency field energy, has been studied. Advantages of super high frequency field application have been demonstrated, in comparison with the other forms of energy. It has been found out, that the sources of super high frequency heating (SHF-heating) allow obtaining the concentrate free of combustion products, as well as reducing pollution of the environment. Drying of Olenegorsk fine grinding masterbatch (Olenegorsk Mining and Processing Plant) proves the value of these advantages and makes it feasible to adopt this process during preparation of the iron-ore pellets for metallurgical treatment. It has been shown that the intensity of drying in the SHF-field is vastly superior to the one achieved in conventional convection units, due to volumetric nature of the heating and more favourable conditions for heat-and mass-exchanging processes in the bed. The obtained results may be used for the development of the design of units for drying fine-grained materials in the SHF-fields.

Влияние экологических и эксплуатационных свойств фанеры на ее конкурентоспособность и потребительские риски

The paper presents data on the influence of operating parameters of finished plywood (formaldehyde emission, tensile strength) on the performance of consumer risks, and changes in its competitiveness. Modern scientific literature focuses on research and development of methods to reduce business risks, aimed at reducing all kinds of economic costs (production, advertising, transportation, etc.). There is virtually no information on the impact of product quality on consumer risks and competitiveness. However, when considering this question regarding the wood and furniture industry, it is worth significant attention due to the fact that the use of glued laminated materials (plywood to a greater extent) as a construction and design materials, because of their significant advantages is increasing every year. Along with this there is a rapid improvement of production methods and used materials. One of the traditional technologies for the production of plywood is gluing sheets of veneer using urea-formaldehyde resins of various modifications. Using a wide range of sorbents is practiced as a part of the applied adhesive composition, action of which can be sent both for simple regulation of flow rate of adhesive and complex processes of reduction of formaldehyde emissions and increase of plywood in strength. An example of reduction of release of formaldehyde can be scientifically proven use of natural mineral clinoptilolite as sorbent-filler, modified in a variety of electromagnetic fields (superhigh frequency field (UHF EMF) and weak pulsed magnetic field (WPMF)). In this regard, the paper describes the impact of changes in basic performance properties of plywood (emission of free formaldehyde and ultimate strength) on consumer risks and competitiveness of finished plywood.

Coherence resonance on a forbidden magnetic-dipole transition excited in optically oriented Cs atoms by two magnetic fields: an Inclined SHF field and a transverse RF field

It is shown that the coherence created by a resonance transverse superhigh-frequency (SHF) field induces, under the action of a longitudinal SHF and transverse radio-frequency (RF) nonresonance fields, the Zeeman coherences on two adjacent allowed Δm = 1 transitions. Under the action of an RF transverse field these coherences induce further a coherence on a forbidden Δm = 2 transition. The resonance behavior of such coherence was earlier observed experimentally when the RF-field frequency coincided with the Δm = 2 transition frequency. The theoretical conclusions are in quantitative agreement with the experiment.

GHz magnetic field influence on magnetization reversal in amorphous microwires

AbstractThis work is devoted to the study of the magnetization reversal in the Co‐rich glass covered microwire with nearly‐zero magnetostriction in the presence of super high frequency (SHF) (about 1 GHz) circular magnetic field that is important for the elucidation of GMI mechanism. Magnetic domain imaging has been performed by means of magneto‐optical Kerr effect (MOKE) polarizing microscopy. Local hysteresis loops were obtained from the magneto‐optic intensity as a result of images processing. The increase of the SHF field amplitude causes the change of the magnetization reversal mechanism – the rotation of the magnetization dominates. Also the hysteresis loop has an asymmetric shape that confirms the competition between stable and meta‐stable helical magnetic states. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Magneto-optical study of microwire in presence of magnetic field of super high frequency

Abstract The work is dedicated to the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) study of the magnetization reversal in the microwire in the presence of super high frequency (SHF) circular magnetic field. This study is important for elucidation of functioning of sensor based on giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect. Magnetic domains images have been obtained using MOKE polarizing microscopy. Hysteresis loops were obtained as a result of images processing. It was found that SHF magnetic field induces strong change of the mechanism of magnetization reversal.

Synthesizing a porous Al/Al2O3 catalyst support under super-high frequency electromagnetic radiation

Revealing the role of super-high frequency (SHF) radiation in synthesizing a porous Al/γ-Al2O3 support used in catalysts that accelerate reactions is a fundamentally new trend in studying the processes induced in an SHF field. In this work, we report the results from synthesizing a porous Al/γ-Al2O3 support that actively absorbs SHF electromagnetic radiation. This support is intended for further use in synthesizing catalysts of heterogeneous catalytic reactions induced by the energy of an SHF field. The possibility of intense absorption of microwave radiation with a frequency of 2450 MHz by samples obtained via the hydrothermal treatment of industrial aluminum powders in the presence of aluminum hydroxide hydrogel and subsequent sintering in an SHF field is demonstrated. The average heating temperature attained for the bulk of Al/γ-Al2O3 support samples under the action of SHF radiation of different intensities is comparable to the temperature required for heterogeneous catalytic reactions to proceed in the gas phase under conditions of the traditional heating of a catalyst batch. It is established that the hydrothermal treatment of aluminum powders in the presence of their already prepared hydroxide is required only for the aluminum crystallites’ chemical bonding to the oxide shell surrounding them. The ability of a support to absorb SHF energy is governed by the ratio of the metal and oxide phases.

Interaction of two superhigh-frequency fields with the resonance system of electron spins

Within the framework of the concept of a spin temperature in a steady-state regime, the interaction with a resonance medium of two superhigh-frequency fields, one of which is saturating and the other of which is trial, is considered theoretically in the general case without using a high-temperature approximation. The case where the absorption of a resonance medium vanishes at the trial-field frequency is investigated in detail. This occurs with an intensity of the saturating field lower than in the case of a high-temperature approximation. This intensity is estimated in the second and third orders by the parameter ω0βz/2, where ω0 is the resonance frequency of the transition, βz=ħ/(kTz), Tz is the Zeeman-subsystem temperature, ħ is the Planck constant, and k is the Boltzmann constant. It is shown that the cooling of the dipole-dipole reservoir is more considerable than in the case of a high-temperature approximation.

Investigation of the possibilities of measuring relaxation parameters by the EPR method within the framework of the concept of spin temperature

Procedures for measuring some relaxation parameters of uniformly and nonuniformly broadened systems by the EPR method in a high-temperature approximation are proposed. The theoretical consideration is based on the concept of spin temperature and Provotorov's equations. A trial field is used along with a saturating superhigh-frequency field. The measuring methods for the time of the transverse relaxation T2 in the case of uniform broadening and some relaxation parameters or their combinations in the case of nonuniform broadening are based on measuring the frequency characteristics of the system when the absorption becomes zero at the frequency of the trial field.

Mathematical modeling of the thermal stabilization of soil masses by a superhigh-frequency field

A mathematical model and algorithm are developed for numerical solution of the problem of determining the thermal regimes generated in treating soil masses by a superhigh-frequency (SHF) field with variable thermophysical and electrophysical parameters as a function of temperature, moisture content, and pressure. The computational results are cited and compared with experimental data.

Disintegration and separation of granite into mineral components by powerful superhigh-frequency fields

1. Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that disintegration of mineral raw materials by powerful impact of SHF is promising because disintegration of these materials ensures retention of the original size of the structural units of the mineral as well as fairly good separation into the mineral components.

Extraction of pectin from fruit materials pretreated in an electromagnetic field of super-high frequency

Laboratory studies on the extraction of pectin from orange, lemon and apple wastes pretreated in an electromagnetic field of super-high frequency were carried out. A 10-min preliminary microwave heating (2450 MHz, 0·5 kW) of crushed fruit materials was found to provide a higher pectin yield. The extracted pectin exhibited higher values for degree of esterification and gel strength compared with the control sample. The effect depends on the kind of raw material. The favourable effect of microwave heating on the yield and quality of pectin is assumed to be due first to the partial disintegration of the plant tissue and hydrolysis of protopectin, and second, to the rapid inactivation of the pectolytic enzymes in the raw material. The second hypothesis has been partly confirmed by model experiments. The results presented can serve as a basis for improving pectin manufacturing. It is expedient that fresh pectinous raw materials should be subjected to microwave heating before drying.

Millimeter‐wave effects on electric activity of crayfish stretch receptors

The effects of super high frequency (SHF) microwaves (34-78 GHz) on rates of spontaneous firing of the slowly adapting, stretch-receptor neurons of crayfish were studied. Initially, irradiation of continuously perfused, fluid-cooled preparations at power densities to 250 mW/cm2 caused a transient decrease in the rate of spontaneous firing (the dynamic response). Subsequently, with extinction of the SHF field, the rate of firing increased, finally stabilizing at pre-exposure levels (stationary phase). Rates of firing also increased when the receptor muscle was stretched, and they were inversely correlated with small, field-induced increases of temperature (approximately 1.5 degrees C). The response to SHF radiation did not depend on frequency if temperature of the medium was constant. No resonant peaks were found when the millimeter range of frequencies was scanned.