Field Of Quantum Physics Research Articles

Investigating Students’ Conceptual Knowledge of Quantum Physics to Improve the Teaching and Learning Process

Research in the field of quantum physics is important for progress in many areas of exploration and development. Quantum computers and other quantum devices are promising technologies with numerous potential applications. On the other hand, understanding, interpreting, teaching, and learning quantum physics as part of an educational process is a major challenge. In the Republic of Croatia, students usually come in contact with the concepts of quantum physics towards the end of their high school education. These concepts are often abstract and represent a remarkable leap from the theories of classical physics. The aim of this study is to test the measurement properties of the instrument used to assess the progress of understanding and knowledge of quantum physics in a sample of Croatian high school students. The quantum physics conceptual survey (QPCS), developed and first tested in 2006 by Wuttiprom et al. at the University of Sydney, was the instrument we used in this study. The test was administered to 76 high school students. The results show that the QPCS test is valid and generally reliable in the context of Croatian secondary education, but for the topics Waves and particles and Uncertainty principle, the reliability needs further investigation. The results of the pretest and posttest were analysed and compared with each other and with previously published results. Quantitative methods were used to analyse the results obtained. We present several possible solutions to improve the teaching process, that we expect will lead to better results, especially for topics that are challenging for students.

A view of optical soliton solution of the coupled Schrödinger equation with a different approach

The goal of this study is to investigate to optical soliton solution of the nonlinear coupled space-time Schrödinger equation using the Beta derivative and Sine-Gordon Expansion Method. All calculations in this study are made using some software program and the solutions obtained are substituted in the equations. New soliton solutions have been found using the suggested method for solving these problems. The solutions obtained have important areas of use in the fields of mathematical physics, in the field of quantum physics, optic and engineering.

Metrology and multipartite entanglement in measurement-induced phase transition

Measurement-induced phase transition arises from the competition between a deterministic quantum evolution and a repeated measurement process. We explore the measurement-induced phase transition through the Quantum Fisher Information in two different metrological scenarios. We demonstrate through the scaling behavior of the quantum Fisher information the transition of the multi-partite entanglement across the phases. In analogy with standard quantum phase transition, we reveal signature of a measurement-induced phase transition in the non-analytic behaviour of the quantum Fisher information as the measurement strength approaches the critical value. Our results offer novel insights into the features of a quantum systems undergoing measurement-induced phase transition and indicate potential avenues for further exploration in the field of quantum physics.

The Second Quantum Revolution: Unexplored Facts and Latest News

The Second Quantum Revolution refers to a contemporary wave of advancements and breakthroughs in the field of quantum physics that extends beyond the early developments of Quantum Mechanics that occurred in the 20th century. One crucial aspect of this revolution is the deeper exploration and practical application of quantum entanglement. Entanglement serves as a cornerstone in the ongoing revolution, contributing to quantum computing, communication, fundamental physics experiments, and advanced sensing technologies. Here, we present and discuss some of the recent applications of entanglement, exploring its philosophical implications and non-locality beyond Bell’s theorem, thereby critically examining the foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Additionally, we propose educational activities that introduce high school students to Quantum Mechanics by emphasizing entanglement as an essential concept to understand in order to become informed participants in the Second Quantum Revolution. Furthermore, we present the state-of-art developments of a largely unexplored and promising realization of real qubits, namely the molecular spin qubits. We review the available and suggested device architectures to host and use molecular spins. Moreover, we summarize the experimental findings on solid-state spin qubit devices based on magnetic molecules. Finally, we discuss how the Second Quantum Revolution might significantly transform law enforcement by offering specific examples and methodologies to address the evolving challenges in public safety and security.

Non-epitaxial growth of highly oriented transition metal dichalcogenides with density-controlled twin boundaries

Twin boundaries (TBs) in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) constitute distinctive one-dimensional electronic systems, exhibiting intriguing physical and chemical properties that have garnered significant attention in the fields of quantum physics and electrocatalysis. However, the controlled manipulation of TBs in terms of density and specific atomic configurations remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present a non-epitaxial growth approach that enables the controlled and large-scale fabrication of homogeneous catalytically active TBs in monolayer TMDs on arbitrary substrates. Notably, the density achieved using this strategy is six times higher than that observed in convention chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown samples. Through rigorous experimental analysis and multigrain Wulff construction simulations, we elucidate the role of regulating the metal source diffusion process, which serves as the key factor for inducing the self-oriented growth of TMD grains and the formation of unified TBs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this novel growth mode can be readily incorporated into the conventional CVD growth method by making a simple modification of the growth temperature profile, thereby offering a universal approach for engineering of grain boundaries in two-dimensional materials.

Mathematical Approach to Distant Correlations of Physical Observables and Its Fractal Generalisation

In this paper, the new mathematical correlation of two quantum systems that were initially allowed to interact and then separated is being formulated and analyzed. These correlations are illustrated by many examples and are also connected with fractals at a certain level. The main idea of the paper arises from the EPR paradox, the paradox of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen that occurs when the measurement of a physical observable performed on one system has an immediate effect on the other separate system being entangled with it. That is a physical phenomenon, especially when the particles are separated by a large distance. In this paper, we define distant correlations as the advanced method for the exact interpretation of strong connection and influence among those particles even when they are widely separated. On the given topological space (X,τ), we define a notion of τ-metric such that the set X is a τ-metric space and we prove some properties of these spaces. By using this new proposed model, we nullify the contradiction that appears in the EPR paradox. An illustrative example involving fractals is given. This innovative mathematical approach to this physical phenomenon may be attractive for future research in the field of quantum physics.

Quantum computer: The state of the problem in the world and in Ukraine

The report analyzes the current state of the problem of creating a quantum computer as a real working device, which the world scientific community identifies as one of the most important fundamental tasks of physics in the XXI century. It is emphasized that the work of the quantum computer is based on the results of basic research in the field of quantum physics. Today, the world is actively developing quantum technologies, which are expected to be implemented in the near future and provide breakthrough results in many areas of public life: from cryptography to modeling large-scale systems, description and prediction of complex processes and more. The contribution of Ukrainian scientists to the study of quantum systems, the development of quantum technologies and the solution of physical problems that arise in the implementation of elements of the quantum computer is considered.

Recent progress of quantum control in solid-state single-spin systems

In the field of quantum physics, quantum control is essential. Precise and efficient quantum control is a prerequisite for the experimental research using quantum systems, and it is also the basis for applications such as in quantum computing and quantum sensing. As a solid-state spin system, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has a long coherence time at room temperature. It can be initialized and read out by optical methods, and can achieve universal quantum control through the microwave field and radio frequency fields. It is an excellent experimental platform for studying quantum physics. In this review, we introduce the recent results of quantum control in NV center and discuss the following parts: 1) the physical properties of the NV center and the realization method of quantum control, 2) the decoherence mechanism of the NV center spin qubit, and 3) the application of single-spin quantum control and relevant research progress.

Quantum approach to the curriculum, another perspective on curriculum practice in the third millennium

Background and purpose: The beginning of the 21st century refers to an era that can be called the quantum era from the point of view of technology. Quantum theories have the ability to be useful in explaining complex human behaviors, including teaching and learning, and scientists use this theory in investigating phenomena such as mind, thinking, and subconscious mind. Quantum theory in Iran is especially important in the subject curriculum. It is unknown and it is necessary to explain the relevant concepts and with the help of its capabilities, the shortcomings of the existing curriculum will be resolved and lead to a conscious life in the third millennium. Therefore, with the aim of explaining the quantum concepts and determining the relevant components, this research has pursued this question: What components does the quantum curriculum include? Research method: This research is qualitative in terms of fundamental purpose and data. For this purpose, conceptual structure evaluation and theoretical research were used. The statistical community of research in the qualitative part includes national and international documents and related researches and digital resources in the field of quantum physics and curriculum. Findings: Application of this theory, transdisciplinary approach, contextual, collaborative and negotiation knowledge instead of hierarchical knowledge, readiness to face unexpected developments and situations, lifelong learning, lack of focus in curricula and dealing with all complex human dimensions and It presents his extensive interactions with the universe and the implementation of multicultural curricula. In order to succeed in the implementation of curricula, attention should be paid to the learner's environment and his mental and physical conditions and the injection of mental energy. In the evaluation of curricula, attention should be paid to the variety of tools and resources and it should be done qualitatively, continuously and in different situations. Conclusion: Quantum curriculum with a holistic view of right and left hemisphere interactive learning, by establishing a simple and dynamic model, returns the pleasure of teaching to professors and elevates students to the level of insatiable and knowledgeable learners.

Numerical Investigation of the Nonlinear Coupled Fractional Massive Thirring Equation Using Two‐Scale Approach

In this paper, we investigate the numerical solution of the coupled fractional massive Thirring equation with the aid of He’s fractional complex transform (FCT). This study plays a significant aspect in the field of quantum physics, weakly nonlinear thrilling waves, and nonlinear optics. The main advantage of FCT is that it converts the fractional differential equation into its traditional parts and is also capable to handle the fractional order, whereas the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to tackle the nonlinear terms in the coupled fractional massive Thirring equation. An example is illustrated to present the efficiency and validity of the two‐scale theory. The solutions are obtained in the form of series with simple and easy computations which confirm that the present approach is good in agreement and is easy to implement for such type of complex systems in science and engineering.

Graphene and its Phononics: A Review

Graphene, a unique allotrope of carbon, has garnered a huge amount of attention amongst researchers as its unique properties and promising applications in various real-life domains like in efficient batteries, solar cells, medicinal technologies, environmental remediation, circuit boards, lighting and display, and anti-corrosion has resulted in its commercial exploitation and implementation in everyday life. Since 2004 graphene has been one of the most beautiful scientific and technological achievements. The unique electronic cloud forming the bond between different carbon atoms in graphene leads to several inquisitive questions raised in the field of quantum physics. Till now graphene has been exploited for its electronic and optical properties but new research has shown that phononic properties of graphene will lead to the development of “killer” practical applications in the future. In this review article we have explored the structure, properties and the phononics of graphene with a special reference to few-layer graphene (FLG) and graphene Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs).

Einstein’s Local Realism vs. Bohr’s Instrumental Anti-Realism: The Debate Between Two Titans in the Quantum Theory Arena

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.

A Thousand Plateaus and Cosmic Artisanry: On Becoming Destroyer of Worlds

In A Thousand Plateaus, Deleuze and Guattari carve out an image of thought and a path for philosophy that is connected to the figure of the cosmic artisan. This article situates the artisan in relation to both past and future, comparing this figure to that of the artist in the work of another great philosopher who desired to bring forth a new beginning for philosophy, Martin Heidegger. After discussing multiple ways that Deleuze and Guattari's thought is world-destroying in terms of past ontological and epistemological commitments, the article considers the cosmic artisan/philosopher's diagrammatic role in light of the technological-scientific advancements within the field of quantum physics. Through these elaborations, it becomes clear that Deleuze and Guattari are articulating the need for a new sensibility – to the imperceptible, the virtual, the compossible and the molecular. Deleuze and Guattari's noological nomadism opens a way forward, where world-destroying becomes linked to creation, and the figure of modernity becomes the possibility of a new relation to the earth – a cosmic earth.

Semiotica dreptului de a visa: dimensiuni mitice ale timpului din basmul fantastic românesc

"Semiotics of The Right To Dream: Mythical Dimensions of Time From The Romanian Fantastic Fairy Tale A fundamental concept of human existence as a species, Time has always been a defining landmark of the depth of thought of homo sapiens. With religious or scientific character, the ensemble of myths, beliefs, ideas, ideologies, representations and significances given to this concept led, …in time, to the birth of a rich, distinct and complex symbolic imaginary. Both a physical continuum (space-time in which biological, chemical, physical and mechanical processes occur that cause changes in Nature) and a philosophical one (events are perceived and cognitively systematized by man from the past to present towards future), Time it has always aroused peoples interest. We have deities of Time (Cronus, Zurvan, Maku). We have, also, the characteristic concepts that mark the fictional-mythical transfiguration and the triumph of the irreducible search for the truth of meaning. Such as the promise of a (possible) paradisiacal land of eternity, such as the Aion concept of the ancient Greeks (in the sense of cyclical time/eternity), or the existence of specialized divine beings (Moirs of ancient Greece, Roman Parce or Scandinavian Norns) who measure the profane time (past, present, future), and relates it to the celestial, relativistic, perpetual-eternal time. From the area of pure philosophy who approache the subject, inevitably passing through the field of quantum physics that tries to define as precisely as possible the notion of Time (definition, dimensions, units of measurement etc.), we have approaches to this concept at the level of music, literature, art. An true illud tempus, moving the content from metaphysics to myth, and viceversa, there are the many reflections of famous people about the concept of time. Approaching topics about the existence of ,,fashionable” references (billionaires, famous or just controversial politicians, footballers, actors, etc.), we have a post-modern mythological imaginary offered daily by Time Magazine, The New York Times, The Sunday Times etc. As well, being an important landmark in the editing policy, we have a font agreed by more and more magazines, periodicals, publishing houses - Times New Roman. The social life of the traditional Romanian communities, who generates and consumes fantastic fairy tales, tried to reconcile the human activities with the constant phenomena of the environment (terrestrial, cosmic). Starting from certain constants that counted human activity with the cosmic and terrestrial rhythms of Nature (day-night succession; the succession of seasons; the rhythmicity of some manifestations of the vegetal and animal kingdom), the calendars had appeared lunar, solar, solar-lunar, popular, Christian, civil). Their existence and use made that the passage of time to be more easily perceived and memorized. The calendar practices and habits, performed in a predetermined time and in a certain way (= ritual), did nothing but mark in the traditional symbolic thinking the specificity of that human time, to perform in that tradition, in Cosmic Time, trans-human time. This study deal with the valorizations and symbolism given to this concept by the popular imagination from Romanian fantastic fairy tale. The collections of fairy tales offered me some major directions that defines Time, sometimes the traditional imagination being a subtle game of physical constants and mythical-epic variations. Thus, I discovered metaphysical dimensions of time, the reason for linking Time, an optimal time of action, but also the exercise of distance (Time-Space) to be traveled by the hero or realms of eternity, where Time does not even exist as an abstraction… Everything followed, naturally, by a series of conclusions. Keywords: imaginary, phenomenology, hermeneutics, Romanian fairytale, Time "

Quantum computing with neutral atoms

The manipulation of neutral atoms by light is at the heart of countless scientific discoveries in the field of quantum physics in the last three decades. The level of control that has been achieved at the single particle level within arrays of optical traps, while preserving the fundamental properties of quantum matter (coherence, entanglement, superposition), makes these technologies prime candidates to implement disruptive computation paradigms. In this paper, we review the main characteristics of these devices from atoms / qubits to application interfaces, and propose a classification of a wide variety of tasks that can already be addressed in a computationally efficient manner in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum\cite{Preskill_NISQ} era we are in. We illustrate how applications ranging from optimization challenges to simulation of quantum systems can be explored either at the digital level (programming gate-based circuits) or at the analog level (programming Hamiltonian sequences). We give evidence of the intrinsic scalability of neutral atom quantum processors in the 100-1,000 qubits range and introduce prospects for universal fault tolerant quantum computing and applications beyond quantum computing.

Approach to Financial Decision Making within Quantum Physics and Neurosciences

This paper focuses on the study of the functional relationships between the tools of neuroscience, neurofinance and psychology on the one hand, and quantum physics / quantum mechanics and neurophysiology on the other. Can physics / quantum mechanics help explain / understand human behavior through the Shrödinger cat platform (perhaps we can explain the most mysterious phenomena: human behavior - cerebral secretion?)? The concepts of quantum mechanics allow a good prediction of human decision making within Schrödinger's cat (two particles can talk to each other even at a distance of a galaxy, perhaps in this sense can help explain an extremely complex decision making system), and define the "connection of quantum models with neurophysiological processes in the brain “... which is a very complex problem.” (Haven and Khrennikov) The application of quantum physics and neuroscience in finance allows us to consider the complexity of financial decision making, while the connection between quantum physics and psychology manifests itself as the field of quantum physics seeks to understand the fundamental nature of particles. while the field of psychology seeks to explain human nature along with its inherent misconceptions.If decision-making is a process of gathering evidence in favor of different alternatives over time, the process is discontinued once the decision limit is reached, followed by choice of decision. e activity within the posterior parietal cortex several important questions remain unanswered. Neural mechanisms that support the accumulation of evidence record the activities of individual neurons in different parts of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP).

НОВА ОНТОЛОГІЧНА ПАРАДИГМА РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДИНИ В СИСТЕМІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

Introduction. We have lived for more than three centuries in the old academic paradigm, which claimed that the world existed forever and no one created it. In the 20th century, as a result of discoveries, first of all, in the field of quantum physics, there was formed the hypothesis that our Universe, including the Solar System, arose as a result of the Big Bang.Today we are on the verge of creating a theory of everything, which would be based on the superstring theory that can unite the theory of general relativity of Albert Einstein and the theory of quantum mechanics. It is assumed that the aforementioned theory will unite four main Universe interactions: gravity, strong and weak nuclear interactions, and electromagnetism. This should give answers to questions that have worried humanity for many years, for example: “How and where did the Universe originate from? What is its true nature? How did life begin on earth? What does the anthropic principle mean, according to which man appeared and evolved?”Purpose. The purpose of the article is to disclose the author's vision of human development in the system of personality formation. To compare how these ideas are described in the existing and innovative knowledge systems.Methods. Was used a system of theoretical and empirical research methods to achieve the goal and reveal the relevance of the topic: analysis, deduction, induction, modeling, abstraction, as well as specific research methods, such as observation and experiment.Results. The article reveals the essence of the concept of "consciousness" and gives serious remarks to the traditional theory of human cognition. The article contains rationale of the use of innovation ontological paradigm and introducing a new scientific direction - quantum psychology.Originality. The essence of fundamental differences between ideological approaches in traditional and innovative systems of knowledge about a person has been revealed.Conclusion. We are convinced that there is necessity to introduce in the nearest future a new scientific direction - quantum psychology. The proposed direction is not an alternative to the existing system (psychoanalysis, behavioralism, Erickson’s direction, gestalt-direction, hypnosis, etc.). It is complementary to the current system of psychological science and logically fills the gaps that were not previously taken into account. Our strategy is to create the direction of quantum psychology. It coincides with the ideas of such prominent scientists in the area as Robert Wilson, Stephen Volynsky, John von Neumann, and others.In our opinion, the basis of the system of knowledge in the field of quantum psychology should be provided by harmoniously combined experience from the spheres of the traditional branches of Western psychology, the philosophy of the East (Eastern traditions), quantum mechanics, and a new philosophical paradigm based on the ontological model represented by the formula "Consciousness - Information - Energy - Matter. " In this scientific direction, Consciousness as the only and main substance of the Genesis of the Universe, in contrast to the psyche, which in modern psychology is its main subject, must possess an exceptional and appropriate place for in the multidimensional human life, as well as a basic subject of psychology.

Research fund evaluation based on academic publication output analysis: the case of Chinese research fund evaluation

Government funding is a key scientific research resource, and it has made a concrete contribution to the world’s science and technology development. But these funds come from common taxpayers, so we need to evaluate the effectiveness of these funds. Generally speaking, policymakers adopt the method of peer review to make assessments. Compared to kinds of shortcomings of peer review, the paper here proposed the benchmarking evaluation method based on the academic publication outputs of supporting funds, mainly guiding indicators from scientometrics. At first, with the academic publication output extracted from the concluding report project manager submitted to the government after the fund finished, we designed the analysis framework to search and define the research field the fund belonged to. And then from the following three perspectives, including quantity, quality and relative influence, we compared the research fund output to the field output. Later, we took one fund program from national program on key basic research project of China (973 Program) in the field of quantum physics as an example to make an empirical analysis to demonstrate its effectiveness. At last, we found that the funded program performance was superior to the field, and even about 11.65% of the research achievement reaches the top 1/1000 of the world, but the research was lacking in remarkable papers, so it needs further improvement.

Key topics for quantum mechanics at secondary schools: a Delphi study into expert opinions

ABSTRACTThis article describes a Delphi study aiming to investigate which quantum mechanics topics experts consider to be important to teach at the secondary level, and what arguments these experts give. A series of three questionnaires was administered to experts in the fields of quantum physics, mathematics, chemistry and biophysics (n = 17, 12, 11 for the first, second, and third questionnaires, respectively; the number of participants changed due to attrition). Several experts from this group (n = 9) were also interviewed. Results show that there is consensus on the topics considered to be important, i.e. duality, wave functions and atoms. Experts mainly based their topic ranking on relations between concepts, and on what quantum mechanics topics they consider to be fundamental. The topics that were considered less important were often described as too difficult or too complex.

Phase Properties of Photon-Added Coherent States for Nonharmonic Oscillators in a Nonlinear Kerr Medium

The potential of nonharmonic systems has several applications in the field of quantum physics. The photon-added coherent states for annharmonic oscillators in a nonlinear Kerr medium can be used to describe some quantum systems. In this paper, the phase properties of these states including number-phase Wigner distribution function, Pegg-Barnett phase distribution function, number-phase squeezing and number-phase entropic uncertainty relations are investigated. It is found that these states can be considered as the nonclassical states.