Abstract

In the field of quantum physics, quantum control is essential. Precise and efficient quantum control is a prerequisite for the experimental research using quantum systems, and it is also the basis for applications such as in quantum computing and quantum sensing. As a solid-state spin system, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has a long coherence time at room temperature. It can be initialized and read out by optical methods, and can achieve universal quantum control through the microwave field and radio frequency fields. It is an excellent experimental platform for studying quantum physics. In this review, we introduce the recent results of quantum control in NV center and discuss the following parts: 1) the physical properties of the NV center and the realization method of quantum control, 2) the decoherence mechanism of the NV center spin qubit, and 3) the application of single-spin quantum control and relevant research progress.

Highlights

  • I + A2 (t)I ⊗ σz + A3 (t)σy ⊗ σz + A4 (t)σz ⊗ σz,其中 Ai (t)(i = 1, 2, 3, 4) 是展开系数。为了在金刚石 NV

  • 2) ( CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 )

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Summary

Si 衬底中形

自旋之间的交换作用能实现两比特门,保真度达到 90% [5] 。金刚石氮-空位色心 (nitrogen-vacancy center, NV 色心),是另一种重要的固态掺杂体系。它在室温下有很长的相干时间,具有优秀的能级结构,可以通过. 为氮-空位缺陷色心,即 NV 色心 [6,7,8,9] 。NV 色心具有 C3ν 对称性,其对称轴沿氮原子和空位的连线方向, 称为 NV 主轴。NV 色心有两种电荷态:中性的 NV0 和带负电的 NV− 。它们的能级结构和物理性质都有. N nuclear spin) of the NV center ground state. NV 色心电子自旋的退相位过程 (a) 电子自旋的自由感应衰减曲线, 插图为实验脉冲序列; (b) 准静态噪声 δ0 的分布 P (δ0 ). 操控场噪声下 NV 色心的退相干 (a) 电子自旋的拉比振荡, 插图为实验脉冲序列; (b) 准静态操控场噪声 δ1 的分布 P (δ1 ). 境噪声 δ0 ,实现保真度为 0.9961 的单比特量子逻辑门。然而量子逻辑门的保真度不仅受限于环境噪声 δ0 , 实现量子逻辑门的各种脉冲序列及在噪声影响下的保真度 (a) 普通方波脉冲; (b) 5-piece SUPCODE 脉冲序列; (c) BB1. 图 7c 展示的是一种常用的能抑制操控场噪声 δ1 的量子逻辑门的脉冲序列——BB1(broadband number 1) 脉冲序列 [39] 。BB1 脉冲序列可以将 δ1 对保真度的影响抑制到六阶,但 δ0 的影响仍是二阶的。图. 段方波脉冲组成的脉冲序列 Aseq ,每段脉冲对应的量子操作用脉冲序列 Bseq 而不是普通方波脉冲来实现, 这样得到的新脉冲序列记为 Bseq inAseq 。脉冲序列 Bseq 称为内嵌序列,脉冲序列 Aseq 称为外套序列。然.

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