Field Of Public-private Partnership Research Articles

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR ATTRACTING AND REALIZING INVESTMENTS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article analyzes the issues of adequateness of the institutional support for attracting and realizing investments in the energy sector of Ukraine to the current realities in which the country finds itself. The article emphasizes that public-private partnership is the basis for further attraction and realization of investments in the energy sector. The article highlights several issues such as attracting investment in the energy sector of Ukraine, and public-private partnership in the energy sector and identifies the ways to overcome them.The necessity of improving the legal framework in the field of public-private partnership; development of institutional infrastructure supporting public-private partnership; providing guarantees for protecting the interests of all parties in the public-private partnership throughout the entire life cycle of the project is substantiated.It is concluded that attracting and injecting investments in the energy sector is possible only in close cooperation with large private businesses by implementing elements and mechanisms of public-private partnership in the sector. It’s the only way that the energy sector of Ukraine will be able to adapt to modern challenges to ensure its long-term sustainable development.

The experience of France regarding legal regulation of public-private partnership as a basis for the improvement of ukrainian legislation

The article is devoted to the study of the existing problem of institutional functioning of public-private partnership in Ukraine, the absence of PPP mechanisms with quasi-private entities, such as mixed economy communities (SEM) or quasi-public enterprises (SAEMES), and the absence of a single body in the field of PPP.To confirm the existence of problems in the field of low popularity of the PPP mechanism, the author provides statistics on the annual implementation of projects in Ukraine and other countries, such as Great Britain and France. Citing these figures, the author mentions the problem of the uncertainty of the Ukrainian approach to following the experience of the Anglo-Saxon or Romano-Germanic legal system.In addition, the article emphasizes the absence of a regulated mechanism for providing PPP projects with government guarantees and the absence of the possibility of reimbursing the private partner’s investments when the contract is changed at the initiative of the state partner.The author proposes to apply the experience of France and implement the mechanisms of public-private partnership with quasi-public enterprises, using the example of infrastructure development in Paris to establish a parking system. The author also draws on the experience in Cannes, where PPPs with quasi-public entities were used to improve the work of the museum.At the same time, it is emphasized that it is worth taking into account the lessons learned by France when implementing PPPs with quasi-public entities, such as the need to strengthen personnel specializing in contractual PPP obligations, the need to define a new model of approach to payments to a private partner - namely, regular provision of payments and subsidies to the private partner.The lack of government guarantees to ensure wider implementation of projects in the field of public-private partnership is also proposed to be resolved by adopting additional by-laws. The author paid special attention to the existence of a service body in the field of PPP in France - MAPPP. The author emphasizes that despite the fact that this body has numerous functions in France, in Ukraine such a body could become the only «service» PPP body.

Public-Private Partnerships for the UN Sustainable Development Goals achievement

The subject of the study is public relations emerging in the implementation of public-private partnership projects aimed at achieving the sustainable development goals developed by the UN. The object of the study is a set of financial and institutional conditions for the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) projects based on PPP agreements with a special focus on the UNECE model law “PPP for the benefit of people” being developed. Thus, the proposed approach to PPP for the benefit of people as a separate type of PPP has been criticized. The author, through the prism of sustainable development goals, describes the possibility of improving the proposed international legal norms and rules developed for the implementation of PPP projects. The article also discusses the possibility of introducing the sustainable development agenda through PPP agreements (lex PPPs). When writing the article, the following methods were used: logical, historical, theoretical-prognostic, formal-legal, systemic-structural, comparative law and legal modeling. The methodological apparatus consisted of the following dialectical techniques and methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, abstraction, induction, deduction, hypothesis, analogy, synthesis, typology, classification, systematization and generalization. The main conclusions of the study are that the concept of sustainable development and sustainable development goals are becoming increasingly popular in the practice of implementing investment projects, including those based on PPP. Further improvement of domestic legislation on PPP should be in line with the implementation of best practices, focused not just on the financial component and benefit of the investor and the state, but also on the benefit for people (PPP people first) and the planet (PPP for planet). The main results of the study include the fact that aspects were identified that slow down the advancement of the sustainable development agenda in the field of public-private partnership (contradiction of terms, lack of incentives for implementation for investors), a definition was given to public-private partnership for sustainable development, and It was also revealed that lex PPPs can become an effective tool for achieving sustainable development goals through their implementation in PPP agreements.

DEVELOPMENT OF RAIL TRANSPORTATION ON THE BASIS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

This article explores issues such as international experience in the field of public-private partnership, problems in the field of railway services and their solutionsю. There has been formed some solutions for the development of railway services.

Digitization of monetary transactions in the field of public-private partnership: International-legal experience

The purpose of the work is to analyze the international legal experience of digitization of monetary payments in the field of public-private partnerships, as well as to highlight key features and positive trends in this matter. The object of the study is the international legal experience of digitization of monetary settlements in the field of public-private partnerships. The research methodology consists of the following research methods: theoretical generalization, scientific abstraction, system analysis,comparative analysis, historical method, and a group of logical methods. With the help of the conducted research, the peculiarities of digitization of monetary settlements in the field of public-private partnerships in different countries were analyzed. In particular, it was determined that the process of digitization of monetary payments in the sphere of public-private partnership differs in different countries.

АНАЛИЗ ЗАРУБЕЖНОГО ОПЫТА ПАРТНЕРСТВА ВЛАСТИ И БИЗНЕСА В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА

The article presents the results of the analysis of Russian foreign literature on the problem of cooperation between government and business in ensuring the development of the region. As a result of the research, the content of public-private partnership is revealed, the features of foreign experience in the field of public-private partnership as a necessary and relevant tool for the socio-economic development of the country are identified and presented.

Мемлекеттік-жеке әріптестікті дамыту саясатының теориялық негіздері

The processes of transformation of political and socio-economic systems taking place in the world in the last decade are pushing countries to search for new approaches from the point of view of public policy in the field of public-private partnership. Over time, there is an increasing need to expand the mechanisms of interaction between the state and the private sector in partnerships in order to meet the needs of society. Through the formation of a strategic partnership between the state and the private sector, the Republic of Kazakhstan can form a system of economic order and relations that ensure and guarantee the future of the country. The Republic of Kazakhstan gained independence and modernized all spheres of society in accordance with the requirements of the democratic regime. The transformation of the economic sphere in accordance with the system of market relations has become the basis for the formation and development of private entrepreneurship. At the same time, the spheres of ensuring the needs of society are schools, kindergarten, healthcare, services, infrastructure, agriculture, tourism, etc. With the support of the state through the private sector, they were carried out based on world experience. The activities of public-private partnerships in economically developed countries have been established and are developing in the world. The private sector in each country should function as a political system that allows its activities to work in order to meet the interests of both parties in order to ensure the potential of society. That is, on the liberal principle that an open society under a democratic regime gives freedom to all forms of ownership, the way opens up in the state to a partnership of private and public property, one of the most important sectors of the economy. The article considers, first of all, the theoretical justification of this problem when studying the problems of public-private partnership, providing ways and mechanisms to solve it. That is, analyzing the theory on which the research work is based, relying on general scientific methods, operationalizing the theory, analysis of analogical theories, their classification, methods of induction, and deduction, clarifying the theory, and describing the methodology of this problem. Consequently, a scientific theory is determined and verified by methods.

The mechanism and direction of state economic policy transformation in modern socio-economic conditions

The system of accounting for the transformation of the world economy in the state economic policy has been improved in the following directions, namely: technological transformation (taking measures to fully realize the positive potential and reduce the threat of negative consequences; creation of a national ecosystem of a new technological order); organizational transformation (creating a regulatory and legal framework for the use of flexible forms of management (including in the field of public-private partnership); taking measures to adapt the national economy to organizational transformation); value transformation (development of measures to use new technological and organizational tools to account for new value requests of society; creation of a legislative framework for accounting for new requests; formation of financial resources and mechanisms for their distribution in order to satisfy value requests (including by revising the tax system). According to the results of the research, it is proven that modern society is undergoing a deep transformation, which includes technological, organizational, and value aspects. These aspects should be taken into account for the formation of the state economic policy. It was determined that the transition to a new technological system creates unique opportunities for Ukraine. At the stage of formation and development of the new system, the market volume ceases to be a significant limiting factor, which creates conditions for the construction of a national ecosystem of a new technological system in our country. This will allow Ukraine to become one of the economic poles of the multipolar world, occupy its economic and technological niche and form its sphere of economic influence. It was established that from a technological point of view, the priority task of the state economic policy is not the accelerated development and introduction of advanced technologies, but the creation of a national ecosystem of a new technological structure, which will provide conditions for the innovative development of the national economy, which is self-sustaining. It is necessary to form a legal framework for the use of flexible forms of organization of economic activity, including in the field of public-private partnership. This will reduce business transaction costs and increase the efficiency of business entities. The state needs to create conditions for meeting the changing value demands of society, in order to provide full-fledged conditions for realizing the needs of all population groups. An important tool for solving this task is the individualization (high level of targeting) of state support, which can be achieved with the help of the technological tools of the electronic state.

Public-private partnership management systems: analysis of foreign experience

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (PPP) management systems, highlight their country-specific features and present the most successful practices of its development. The article presents foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) project management systems, highlights their country-specific features and presents the most successful practices of its development. The authors touched upon aspects of legislative and regulatory support, principles of the PPP management and development system, long-term planning of infrastructure development, tools and methods, creation and organization of public administration bodies within the framework of PPP.The result of the article is the collection and study of data on the implementation and implementation of the PPP mechanism in foreign countries, based on the collected data, during the study of practical experience accumulated in the field of public-private partnership, to determine the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. As part of the study methods of analysis, theoretical and logical methods of generalization, comparison and comparison, deduction and induction, methods of formalization, logical interpretation, methods of logical reasoning, the method of tabular representation of the results, analysis and evaluation were used. The main results and practical relevance of the work are systematized foreign practice of regulatory and legal support of the PPP project management system, the organization of the public administration system in the framework of PPP, which allowed to define the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. The authors have made recommendations for improving the PPP system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Public Private – Partnership – A Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract Nowadays, public – private partnership is an increasingly common term in the academic literature, in political speeches and international institutions. By carrying out a bibliometric analysis in the field of public-private partnership, the graphic display of a large amount of information was aimed at highlighting the number of publications in this field, the distribution of authors in certain areas, the points of interest and the research methods used by researchers. The information used in this research was collected from the Web of Science database which is one of the most famous in the world, especially from the Web of Science Core Collection, the main component which contains high quality items. Although the first publications on the Web of Science platform dates from 1967, research in this field has been expanding for the last 10 years. In this study we focus on the content of the Web of Science platform and the use of the VOSviewer, a software used to build and display bibliometric relationships, in order to create a map that includes the most used terms in research on “public - private partnership”. The main result of this research is to highlight the state of knowledge regarding the research carried out so far with reference to the public-private partnership.

A Review of Urban Rail Transit PPP Research

To relieve the pressure of government investment and high-cost operation in major infrastructure projects, the PPP (Public-Private Partnership) is widely used in transportation engineering projects, especially urban rail projects. In this paper, we use Excel and Citespace software to categorize the research hotspots and analyze the trend changes to visualize the cooperation network analysis by searching 217 academic papers in core journals of Zhiwang, CSI, EI, CSSCI, and CSCD by keywords "PPP and transportation". Nowadays, the research of PPP-Transportation Engineering mainly focuses on the construction of risk management systems, performance evaluation systems, subsidy scheme decision systems, and operation mode selection methods for the whole life cycle of urban rail projects. This paper also analyzes the one-sidedness and research blind spots in the field of PPP_transportation, and provides research ideas for building a complete knowledge system and application development in the field of PPP-transportation in the future.

Assessment of the efficiency of implementation of public-private partnership projects taking into account their life cycles and key stakeholders’ interests

Objective: to develop criteria for objective and comprehensive assessment of the success of public-private partnership (PPP) projects.Methods: in the process of the research, the method of systematic literature review was used.Results: as a result of the study, it was concluded that the success of a PPP project is a relative concept and requires detailing (1) from the viewpoint of which particular stakeholder the project is evaluated and (2) relative to which stage of the project life cycle the assessment is made. This understanding allowed proposing a universal approach to assessing the success of PPP projects, based on the criteria assessment matrix developed by us, which takes into account the stages of the project life cycle and the interests of its stakeholders.Scientific novelty: the systematization of studies available in the Russian and world literature concerning the assessment of the success of both investment projects in general and PPP projects in particular allowed identifying a universal set of criteria for such an assessment. This, in turn, contributes to a more adequate and clear interpretation of the conclusions made by a wide range of authors of research in the field of PPP, who quite often refer to “successful” PPP projects, without giving their own understanding of the criteria for determining success.Practical significance: the developed criteria matrix for assessing the success of PPP projects can become a starting point for improving methodological approaches and normative-legal documents regulating the implementation of PPP projects at the federal and regional levels. Regional and municipal executive authorities planning the implementation of new PPP projects can use the proposed matrix for assessing the success of PPP projects in their work in order, on the one hand, to increase the investment attractiveness of the projects being developed, and on the other hand, to ensure better and objective control over their further implementation.

Удосконалення нормативно-правового забезпечення державно-приватного партнерства у сфері автомобільного транспорту України

Problem setting. Economic development is very important in the processes of positive transformations of the country, a large part of ensuring economic growth is transport infrastructure, one of the main types of which is road transport. Recently, the Ukrainian economy has been weakened by the global crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the worst thing that has happened so far is the extremely difficult martial law and the Russian invasion with a full-scale war against Ukraine. The time of recovery in the post- war period will raise the issue of infrastructure development, especially in the field of transport and renovation of all modes of transport and their ergonomic combination, finding new, alternative sources of funding for the transport system. The main criteria for the proper development and functioning of this area are proper regulatory support. Recent research and publications analysis. Research and development of legislation in the field of public-private partnership, investment activities and legislation in the field of concession legislation in Ukraine not enough attention is focused, because by domestic and foreign researchers, certain topics were not a priority in professional journals. However, such scientists as V. Bodelan, V. Varnavsky, V. Goshovska, E. Romanenko, I. Lopushins- ky, L. Hrytsenko, S. Linder, O. Nikiforuk, S. Ovcharenko, N. Drahomyretska, N. Piro- zhenko, O. Pukhkal, V. Skurativsky, P. Shylepnytsky and others, study public-private partnership in political, economic, legal aspects. The analysis of the current state of investment activity is covered in the works of such scientists as: A. Kolevatova, V. Kozyk, Danilova, I. Zapatrina, I. Moiseenko and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The importance of analysis of scientific sources in the field of regulatory and legal support, as well as substantiation of legal aspects and effective mechanism for improving public-private partnership and investment activities in road transport in Ukraine, as well as the importance of legal mechanisms in the real state economy especially during crisis phenomena, an important unresolved problem should be noted that as of today remains imperfect direction of formation and development of regulatory and legal support and application of the mechanism of public-private partnership and attracting investment activities in the field of road transport and its infrastructure. There is a need for scientific substantiation of ways to develop the legal mechanism of public-private partnership, concession legislation in specific areas of infrastructure, in particular in the field of road transport. Paper main body. The normative-legal provision of public-private partnership, concession legislation and legislation on investment activity is considered. The need to improve legislation in the field of public-private partnership, their relevance and effectiveness are analyzed. Transparency and risks in the field of application of legislative acts on public-private partnership, concessions and investment activities in the field of road transport and its infrastructure in Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that the legislation in the field of public-private partnership, concession and investment activities contains significant issues that need to be improved by amending these regulations. Such an imbalance is particularly clear in the field of road transport, where regulations need to be adjusted in accordance with concession and investment legislation. The main criteria for improving the regulatory framework in these areas are to bring into line with the electronic trading system regulations on the subject, which will give a significant impetus to improve legislation to involve public-private partnerships in road transport in Ukraine. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Road transport and its infrastructure directly affect the development of all sectors of the economy of Ukraine, the state of road transport in terms of rolling stock to provide quality new social services requires new approaches to improve in improving its effective development. It has been found that the forms of public-private partnership are the best and, accordingly, increase the efficiency and quality of road transport, including its infrastructure. Analyzed that the main criterion for improving the legislation in the field of road transport, concession legislation and legislation on investment activities is to amend existing regulations in terms of bringing them into line with the electronic trading system. Such a mechanism will introduce transparent and competitive dynamics for the high-quality and rapid development of Ukraine’s transport infrastructure and road transport.

Strategies for financing infrastructure projects in the sphere of public-private partnership

Purpose. Coverage and systematization of the main approaches to the development of strategies for financing infrastructure projects in the field of public-private partnership, in particular, in the construction sector of Ukraines economy. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article are scientific publications, regulations of Ukraine, analytical reports of world financial institutions, Internet resources. The research used a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and logical generalization. Findings. The most acceptable models of financing infrastructure projects and creating conditions for attracting private capital on the basis of public-private partnership in Ukraine are identified. Originality. The work analyzes the classification of projects according to the type of source of cost financing, summarizes the experience in building contract models for their financing, explores the most common tools for financing infrastructure projects, identifies the provisions on which project financing is based, and finds out what underlies it. Practical value. The results of the study can be useful for public authorities, which should encourage private partners to participate in long-term projects. The research may be of interest to businesses that are potential investors in public-private partnership projects.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

The purpose of the study. The main purpose of this article is to assess the current state of public-private partnership (PPP) in the Republic of Kazakhstan, analyze and combine what we know about the PPP project management system in Kazakhstan. The need was identified to assess the current state of the public-private partnership project management system, to identify the main gaps and barriers to the implementation of PPP projects in Kazakhstan and to propose measures for their regulation and improvement.Methodology. In the preparation of the article, a descriptive methodology was used, as well as a heuristic method of analysis. In the course of the study, data presented on public resources, including government portals, were analyzed. The study examined legal acts and regulations related to laws on PPP projects, on PPP, the public sector, the private sector, concessions, corporate legislation.Research methods. Within the framework of the conducted research, the following methods were used:- theoretical, including the analysis of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of public-private partnership;- logical methods of generalization, comparison and comparison, deduction and induction, method of formalization, logical interpretation, method of logical justification and some others;- analysis of legislative and regulatory documents;- analysis of the database of public-private partnership projects of the Kazakhstan PPP center;- a method of graphical representation of the obtained results of analysis and evaluation.Originality / value of the research: Kazakhstan's information policy, which is permanently in the process of transformation, needs to be rebooted today. An upgrade of the public-private partnership project management system is needed. The main attention in the study was focused on determining and assessing the current state, as well as the dynamics of development of public-private partnership projects in the Republic of Kazakhstan.The authors identified and structured the main gaps in the development of the PPP project management system, and also proposed measures to improve them.Findings. PPP in Kazakhstan requires comprehensive consideration in order to improve legislative aspects and approach the forms of PPP common in Western countries, it is necessary to build new modern PPP approaches, transform the mechanism into an accessible and transparent source of project implementation for business and the public, make a strict distinction between public procurement, since today the tool has become a bypass of the public procurement procedure. It is necessary to remove all business risks from the state. It is necessary to avoid unreasonably provided extra benefits and over-marginality. All this will radically change and improve the current state of the PPP project management system in the Republic of Kazakhstan and will make it more attractive for implementation. The state plays a leading role in this process, and state regulation of the PPP project management system should serve as a driver for changes dictated by time and the need to transform this system.

Правовое регулирование развития цифровой образовательной среды и коммерциализация результатов научных разработок в образовании

Introduction: one of the national development goals of the Russian Federation until 2030 is digital transformation, which implies the achievement of “digital maturity” of key sectors of the Russian economy and social sphere, including healthcare and education, as well as public administration. The goals, objectives, and measures for the implementation of state policy designed to promote the formation of the digital economy in Russia, the use of science and technology as a key factor in the development of the country, to ensure national interests and the implementation of strategic national priorities are defined by the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030. Purpose: to analyze the main directions of digital transformation of the science and education sector in connection with the intensification of the process of digitalization of all spheres of society, fixed as one of the priorities of Russia’s development at the state level; to study the conditions for effective interaction of universities with industry and business. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is the methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the methods of systematicity, analysis, and comparative law. Results: the necessity of defining a new role of education for the sustainable development of Russia and ensuring structural changes in the country’s economy is revealed; new trends related to the transfer of knowledge and technology from universities to the industry are described, legislative initiatives and other instruments of its stimulation are considered; some problems of the development of science, education, and entrepreneurship in the light of the implementation of the national project “Digital Economy” are identified. Conclusions: a system of educational quality criteria for creating a digital educational environment is defined; it is established that the mechanism of commercialization of the results of scientific applied research and development in the Russian Federation does not function effectively enough; the problems and directions of improving the legal regulation of relations in the field of public-private partnership, the results of artificial intelligence, the development of the digital educational environment are shown.

Public-private partnership: problems of contractual settlement

Given the benefits of public-private partnership (PPP), PPP relations, as well as the problems that arise in the contractual settlement of such relations are becoming increasingly important. Legislative requirements for the contractual form of partnership and an open list of contracts that can be concluded within the PPP do not differ in their clarity and clarity of interpretation, which results in the ambiguity of views on the rule of law when concluding agreements. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the problematic aspects of contractual regulation of relations in the field of PPP and suggest ways to solve them. The work aims to study the problems of contractual settlement of PPP. Research methodology such methods as the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, proof and refutation, comparison, generalization. As a result of the study, the problematic aspects of concluding agreements in the field of PPP were analyzed. In particular, it was concluded that today, despite the legal basis for the implementation of PPP, the implementation of such projects has some problems that are manifested in both legal and organizational areas. One of the problems is the greater role of the state partner in the implementation of PPP projects, which is manifested in the expanded scope of rights compared to the private partner (ownership of facilities created in the implementation of PPP projects), and, accordingly, lack of business interest in participation in projects not on mutually beneficial terms.

Законодательство как фактор развития государственно-частного партнерства в сфере информационных технологий

Introduction. Public-private partnership (PPP) in world practice has established itself as an effective tool for interaction between business and government in the implementation of socially significant projects. The state got the opportunity to attract a private investor to solve strategic problems of social development. Information technology (IT) is no exception. In the context of globalization and digitalization of the economy, development of information technology sphere is becoming highly relevant, since it determines the level of information security and development of the country as a whole. Theoretical analysis. The main research method was the analysis of the basic laws governing public-private partnerships in the IT sphere both in Russia and abroad, which made it possible to identify the differences in the PPP legislation of different countries. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the legislation of different countries in the field of public-private partners in relation to the IT industry enabled the authors to divide countries into four groups, depending on the characteristics and level of its development. The first group of countries is characterized by the absence of a law on PPP at the state level, application of international legal norms and availability of methodological recommendations in the field of PPP. In the second group, countries have a fundamental law on PPP without specifying the spheres of its application, or a list of spheres has been formed and it includes the IT industry. In the third group, there is a general law on PPP with a list of specific areas that does not include the sphere of information technology. The fourth group of countries has no legislation on PPP. Results. The authors identified the problems of legislation in the field of public-private partnership in relation to IT projects. In particular, it was determined that Russian laws in the field of PPP have relatively more specificity in relation to IT projects than foreign ones. However, this is far from always being good and creates artificial restrictions for the development of this mechanism for attracting a private partner to finance IT projects that are significant for society. The highlighted shortcomings of the Russian legislation will help to improve efficiency and controllability of PPP projects in the IT sphere, when eliminated.

REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP SYSTEM IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL (VOCATIONAL) EDUCATION

Relevance: globalization processes in economic relations, organization of education and public life of the world, integration of public and private sectors of the economy in professional (vocational) education and employment highlight the need to analyze European experience in creating public-private partnership programs in education. The constant discussion of the development of public-private partnerships in European countries, the actualization of not only positive experiences that are common to several states, but also the debate on changing the role of public authorities indicates the presence of certain regional contradictions and peculiarities. Aim: to analyze the regional features of the European system of public-private partnership in the field of professional (vocational) education and on this basis to highlight the recommendations at the national level. Methods: theoretical (induction, synthesis, generalization); empirical (study and analysis of legal documents in the field of public-private partnership, vocational education, social protection and labor market, public-private partnership programs for training of skilled workers, the results of professional (vocational) education in Europe). Results: it is established that the common problems of public-private partnership development in European countries are: harmonization of rights and responsibilities of the public and private sector; introduction of clear and transparent mechanisms for regulating financial costs; formation of algorithms for project execution without delay; the existence of various forms of public-private partnership agreements and their compatibility with the legal (national, regional or local) base. Much of the population participates in Active Labor Market Programs (ALMPs), which are supported by both the state and the private sector. The development of such programs raises certain disputes and issues between public and private partners related to the division of rights and responsibilities, the struggle for financial resource management and the refusal to develop infrastructure. Conclusions: in the development process of the domestic system of public-private partnership in the field of professional (vocational) education it should be: taken into account the requirements of the European Union to the legislation on public-private partnership; modernized the provisions of the Law "On Professional (Vocational) Education" accordingly; developed algorithms of practical training of specialists on the basis of public-private partnership.

РЕЦИКЛІНГ ЯК СФЕРА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЦІЛЕЙ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article is devoted to the topical issues of using Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in processes of resource recycling, including waste, as a rational model of modern production in order to ensure the goals of sustainable development of countries and regions. The analysis of waste generation and management in Ukraine showed that only a third of the generated waste is disposed, and 60% of the waste is moved to specially designated places. The share of costs for environmental protection at the expense of state and local budget funds in capital investments for environmental protection activities varies between 8–18%, in current costs 1.6–5.2%, the rest of the financing of environmental protection activities is carried out at the expense of the enterprises' own funds and other sources. The problem of financing recycling projects can be solved thanks to the use of the public-private partnership mechanism. The main advantages of PPP projects in the processes of organizing recycling are reducing the burden on state and local budgets, optimizing budget expenditures; greater probability of better management of state and municipal assets, provided appropriate preparation and monitoring of PPPs; public authorities and communities can take advantage of the experience and advantages inherent in business, which will mean lower costs and higher quality of services; a tool for attracting additional investments in the project appears; innovations are brought into the field of environmental protection, conditions are created for the use of advanced environmental protection technologies. The main obstacles for PPPs in the field of recycling in Ukraine can be identified as a lack of trust between public and private partners; imperfect legislation in the field of PPPs; lack of financial resources; lack of competencies of the state partner for the preparation of PPP projects in the field of environmental protection and recycling. In order to expand the practice of financing investments in resource recycling projects, it is necessary to: improve the regulatory framework of public-private partnerships in Ukraine, ensure sufficient expertise of the public partner for the preparation and organization of PPP environmental projects, create conditions for the interest of private partners in participating in recycling projects and environmental protection through the introduction of benefits.