Field Of Product Design Research Articles

Biomimicry and cradle to cradle in product design: an analysis of current design practice

In the field of sustainable product design, the use of nature-inspired design (NID) strategies such as biomimicry and cradle to cradle has become more widespread, resulting in a variety of nature-inspired products. Research so far has studied NID on the basis of individual, key design cases and student projects. This paper assesses the state of NID at nine companies that have applied either biomimicry or cradle to cradle in product design. NID comes to the forefront as a promising but challenging new design paradigm. Analysis of best practice reveals that companies that applied a top-down approach, invested in training and/or external NID-experts, set positive and ambitious design targets, and included value chain partners early on in their projects were generally successful in removing barriers towards project success.

Environmental performance modelling for additive manufacturing processes

Sustainability means considering economic, social and environmental aspects. In the mechanical product design field, sustainability means thinking about eco-design and life cycle analysis, when the whole life cycle of the product (from raw material extraction to end of life) is concerned with environmental impacts. Nowadays, most of the manufacturing methods are driven only by money, and the environmental and social aspects are not taken into account. The goal of this paper is to propose an environmental assessment methodology of the manufacturing processes. In this methodology, all flows consumed and produced (material, fluids, electricity) are considered. A predictive model of flow consumption is defined from the CAD model of the product and the manufacturing program. The aim is to be able to minimise the environmental impacts of the manufacturing during the design stage. In this paper, the focus is put on additive manufacturing.

Environmental performance modeling for additive manufacturing processes

Sustainability means considering economic, social and environmental aspects. In the mechanical product design field, sustainability means thinking about eco-design and life cycle analysis, when the whole life cycle of the product (from raw material extraction to end of life) is concerned with environmental impacts. Nowadays, most of the manufacturing methods are driven only by money, and the environmental and social aspects are not taken into account. The goal of this paper is to propose an environmental assessment methodology of the manufacturing processes. In this methodology, all flows consumed and produced (material, fluids, electricity) are considered. A predictive model of flow consumption is defined from the CAD model of the product and the manufacturing program. The aim is to be able to minimize the environmental impacts of the manufacturing during the design stage. In this paper, the focus is put on additive manufacturing.

Plastic Application in Product Design

The plastic has become one of the most widely used material. Current also has the extremely widespread application in the field of product design. Types and characteristics, this paper analyzes the commonly used plastic and plastic application in product design are discussed in detailed research.

Critical materials from a product design perspective

Globally there is increasing attention towards a range of materials that have been termed critical materials. This paper will focus on a set of critical materials, mostly named as single elements, that are metals, at risk of supply constraints, have environmental implications, financially costly, price volatile, deemed economically important and are difficult to substitute as a result of their unique properties or for economic reasons. These metals are used in engineering, technology applications and product designs. A number of publications argue that product design has an important role to play in responding to critical material risks. This paper analyses and compares a selected range of 29 published definitions and descriptors of critical materials produced since the end of 1999 to June 2014. This review establishes that most definitions are developed by those outside the field of product design and the resulting definitions make it difficult for product designers, and the wider product development team, to engage in activity to address the critical materials challenge. There is a gap between the practice of product design and the current definitions. Through a structured analysis of this literature this paper develops a definition of critical materials that includes product design considerations, in order to make a first step in addressing the gap. The aim of the definition going forwards is to facilitate increased product design activity around the substitution of critical materials, including circular, closed loop, approaches, in order to contribute towards reducing critical materials supply risks.

A Comparative Bibilometric Analysis of Taguchi-Centered Optimization in Plastic Injection Moulding

Plastic injection molding is one of the most common methods of part manufacturing. Different optimization techniques are commonly used in this industry to satisfy for the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) characteristics of the injection process. The primary objective of this study is to provide a comparative Bibliometric analysis on injection molding process optimization during the previous decade based on the top seven methodologies found in the literature. Triple criteria of chronological trend, geographical dispersion and academic reputation are used for evaluating the overall performance of each method as well as each hybrid set. The survey will also include two complementary analyses for the Taguchi based methods. Firstly, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) analysis, followed by a secondary analysis of the average number of control and response factors as well as the orthogonal array levels used in the experimental design will be conducted. The results of the study reveal that Taguchi Method (TM), GA and RSM are the three most popular optimization techniques used in plastic injection molding worldwide. TM is also proved to be a better optimization tool when combined with other heuristic methods such as ANN and GA, especially in the field of product and mould design. For processing parameters, Taguchi still remains to be the core optimization technique.

Crop microinsurance: tackling poverty, one insurance policy at a time

AbstractCrop index microinsurance is a novel product that has been piloted and implemented in many developing countries. We attempt to give an overview of crop index microinsurance, covering the major issues needed to design, price and implement a crop index microinurance programme. In some ways, providing insurance to the poor is fundamentally different to providing insurance to the middle-income or rich; in other ways, including in the actuarial fields of product design, pricing and risk financing, there are strong similarities. We offer a stylised discussion of these differences and similarities, with particular reference to issues of potential interest to actuaries, and propose an actuarial framework for crop index microinsurance. Case studies from Malawi and the Philippines provide examples for what does and what does not seem to work in crop index microinsurance, and motivation for further work needed.

DIAGNÓSTICO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE EM INDÚSTRIA MOVELEIRA DO RS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM FÁBRICA NO VALE DO CAÍ

The paper is a case study in the furniture business in the Cai Valley, in Rio Grande do Sul, with a diagnosis of sustainability and containing survey information concerning industrial processes of the company. The field of engineering and product design, raw materials used, how the company uses its energy resources and its energy efficiency program will be among the issues discussed. There is also an investigation of the potential of optimizing the use of water resources, check the operation of wastewater treatment and solid waste and an investigation of how the company monitors air emissions. A survey of existence of community projects, there is transparency and social responsibility in business are also discussed in the work. Along with this study, are raised information regarding environmental sustainability projects in companies seeking to enable improved environmental issues with decreasing associated costs or economic return.

A qualitative participatory study to identify experiences of coronary heart disease patients to support the development of online self-management services

ObjectiveWeb-based self-management services remain underutilized in current practice. Our aim was to gain insight into disease and self-management experiences of patients in early and progressive stages of coronary heart disease (CHD), to understand moderating effects of daily life experiences on the utilization of web-based self-management services and preconditions for use. MethodsWe applied generative research techniques, which stem from the field of product design and are characterized by the use of creative processes. Three groups of patients with CHD received a sensitizing package to document and reflect on their health, and were subsequently either interviewed or participated in a focus group session. ResultsIn total, 23 patients participated in this study. Emerging themes were (1) fear for recurrent events, (2) experiences with professional care, (3) the perceived inability to prevent disease progression, (4) the desire to go on living without thinking about the disease every day, (5) the social environment as a barrier to or facilitator for self-management, and (6) the need for information tailored to personal preferences. ConclusionHow patients experience their disease varies between stable and post-acute stages, as well as between early and progressive stages of CHD. Patients in post-acute stages of the disease seem to be most amenable to support, while patients in stable stages want to live their life without being reminded of their disease. In the context of self-management, web-based services should be adapted to the variation in needs that occur in the different stages of CHD and new strategies to fit such services to these needs should be developed. Furthermore, they should be tailored to patients’ individual health situation and preferences, support patient empowerment, and manage expectations regarding the progression of their disease.

Improvement of customers’ satisfaction with new product design using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems approach

In today’s competitive world, most organizations need to successfully develop new products. The success of new products can be a competitive weapon and advantage for a firm to survive in the current dynamic markets. The most important aspect of the product design is identifying customers’ needs of products. One of the most common methods to satisfy customers’ needs is improvement of customers’ satisfaction. The present paper applies the aspects of the 4P marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) for modeling the relationship between customers’ satisfaction and new product design with handling nonlinearity as well as fuzziness. A methodology based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) approach is presented to improve customers’ satisfaction while setting products’ design attributes in a fuzzy environment. The intelligent approach of the present study is then applied to predict customers’ satisfaction and design new product through 4P marketing mix concept in an actual case in the freezer refrigerator industry. A complete sensitivity analysis is run to assess significance or influence of each input variable on customers’ satisfaction. The superiority of ANFIS is proved by error analysis. The proposed approach would help practitioners within the field of marketing and new product design teams to enhance customers’ satisfaction and set new products’ attributes.

Partial retrieval of CAD models based on local surface region decomposition

Most existing methods for 3D model retrieval focus on the global shape description and matching. However, partial shape description and retrieval may be used more frequently in the fields of product design and manufacture. In order to resolve the problem that the retrieval efficiency for complex model descriptors is low, a CAD model retrieval method based on local surface region decomposition is presented in this paper. First, according to the salient geometric features of the mechanical part, the surface boundary of a solid model is divided into local convex, concave and planar regions. Then, we give a kind of region codes that describe the surface regions and their links in the CAD model. Finally, the model retrievals are realized based on the similarity measurement between two models’ region codes. Experimental results have shown that this approach is able to support partial retrieval of CAD models.

Aplicability of golden ratio rule in modern product design

This paper presents research regarding application of golden ratio rule in field of product design. The rule was applied to the design on vacuum cleaner, as it is a common and widely spread product. The aim of this paper is to research possibilities of applications of the rule in modern design. In order to determine consumer’s subjective aesthetic judgment of products designed by directly applying golden ratio rule, one vacuum cleaner was designed in that manner. Results for consumer’s subjective aesthetic preference were compared to results for other differently designed vacuum cleaner models present in the market today. Factors used were age, gender and level of education of participants (typical consumer). The results showed no statistical influence of age or gender factors. Statistically significant differences were noticed for level of education factor, between participants with high school diploma and university diploma. It was observed that product de-signed using golden ratio rule received higher marks regarding aesthetics in case of participants with university diploma. It can be concluded that golden ratio rule can be applied in field of product design, equally successful as in the other art fields where it is commonly used, but consumer demographics must be taken in to consideration, especially education level.

School as Playground: Discussing a Play Structure for Higher Design Education

In this paper we intend to discuss the main elements of play – rules, order, freedom, pleasure, competition, representation, separation and uncertainty – as key elements of a new alternative learning structure in higher design education centered on ludic thinking. From the assumption that play is a free movement within a more rigid structure and that playful thinking is intrinsic to us, we draw on Aldo van Eyck and the City as Playground text by Merijn Oudenampsen (2011) and make an analogy between school and playground to discuss play process as learning process and study alternative pedagogies to traditional teaching which seek to foster self-learning through the work Homo ludens. School is observed as a playground where learning takes place through the transgression that results from the strong engagement with the context, the free exploration of space and matter and the ongoing dialogic interactions of the participants. This work is developed by cross-referencing data from different sociologists, educators, designers, and game theorists in connection with the data collected from an open talk with the author and four guests: Luís Alegre da Silva (designer, researcher, and lecturer in the field of communication design), Miguel Vieira Baptista (de- signer and lecturer in the field of product design), Filipe Luz (researcher and lecturer in the field of Multimedia and Videogames) and Ana Jotta (Visual artist) – that took place in the 1st Games and Social Impact Media Research Lab Conference (Glow2021) hosted by Lusófona University as a joint initiative between the CICANT and HEI-Lab research centers.

1S3-5 教育とプロダクトデザインにおける人間工学事門家の役割

1S3-5 教育とプロダクトデザインにおける人間工学事門家の役割

A Fast Point-Sampled Model Denoising Algorithm for Product Design

Denoising is an essential step in creating perfect point-sampled models, which are widly used in the field of product Design. As the bilateral mesh deoising method by Fleishman has been extended to 3D point-sampled model, which is not efficient enough. For the reason, a method is proposed that using the quasi-Cauchy kernel to replace the Gauss kernel used in the bilateral filtering algorithm, so that the efficiency of the algorithm is improved. Experiments show that the method can eliminate the noise on the surface of the point-sampled model effectively and meanwhile the sharp features of the surface are preserved well．

Cultural Traditions for the Sake of Innovation: the Concept of Scandinavian Design as a Potential Tool in the Development of a Sustainable China

ABSTRACTChina is currently undergoing rapid changes on a vast scale in the form of urban development and industrialization based on Western technology. Traditional methods of production have been abandoned, and cultural traditions are being marginalized. In this way not only natural resources, but also habitual ways of living and thereby a meaningful life are threatened. Some of the most important means for the creation of meaning are the objects of everyday life, a fact that makes the field of product design of crucial importance to the development. The question at stake is how cultural traditions can be re‐established and used as an innovative force in product development to secure coherence with the past and the creation of a sustainable yet modern China. The rationale of this article is that interpretations of Scandinavian design might contribute to such a development. The article first discusses the subject of cultural sustainability and the significance of product design. It then presents the history of the concept of Scandinavian design and its relevance as a possible tool in changing today's situation. In addition to historical research it is based on experience from an educational cooperation project between one Chinese and two Norwegian universities, and an investigation of a Norwegian firm's engagement in the country. The findings of the project, which is still in its initial stage, have so far indicated that the concept of what characterizes Scandinavian design has the potential to contribute to product design approaches that can stimulate sustainability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

Manufacturing variation models in multi-station machining systems

In product design and quality improvement fields, the development of reliable 3D machining variation models for multi-station machining processes is a key issue to estimate the resulting geometrical and dimensional quality of manufactured parts, generate robust process plans, eliminate downstream manufacturing problems, and reduce ramp-up times. In the literature, two main 3D machining variation models have been studied: the stream of variation model, oriented to product quality improvement (fault diagnosis, process planning evaluation and selection, etc.), and the model of the manufactured part, oriented to product and manufacturing design activities (manufacturing and product tolerance analysis and synthesis). This paper reviews the fundamentals of each model and describes step by step how to derive them using a simple case study. The paper analyzes both models and compares their main characteristics and applications. A discussion about the drawbacks and limitations of each model and some potential research lines in this field are also presented.

Educational Evaluation Identification and Structural Analysis on Product Design Learning Course

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the product design learning course difficulty, and the results can be applied to adjust the teaching content and improve the teaching methods. The paper chose the students graduated from the Department of Industrial Design, and are working in the product design field as examinees. Using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method for assessment, the data were analyzed by GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) to evaluate the difficulties of the course content and also put them in order, and the SP Chart (Student-Problem Chart) was used to establish the GSP Chart (Grey Student-Problem Chart) which provides the cognitive domain of the examinees and becomes the basis of the paper. At the end, the results are shown in the GSM (Grey Structural Modeling) which become the analytical basis of this paper. Through this objective evaluation, the figures and data generated from the paper can clarify the course evaluation which the best innovative evaluation methods, it is the best model of the new product design education and learning.

Objective Measures of Emotion Related to Brand Attitude: A New Way to Quantify Emotion-Related Aspects Relevant to Marketing

With this study we wanted to test the hypothesis that individual like and dislike as occurring in relation to brand attitude can be objectively assessed. First, individuals rated common brands with respect to subjective preference. Then, they volunteered in an experiment during which their most liked and disliked brand names were visually presented while three different objective measures were taken. Participant's eye blinks as responses to acoustic startle probes were registered with electromyography (EMG) (i) and their skin conductance (ii) and their heart rate (iii) were recorded. We found significantly reduced eye blink amplitudes related to liked brand names compared to disliked brand names. This finding suggests that visual perception of liked brand names elicits higher degrees of pleasantness, more positive emotion and approach-oriented motivation than visual perception of disliked brand names. Also, skin conductance and heart rate were both reduced in case of liked versus disliked brand names. We conclude that all our physiological measures highlight emotion-related differences depending on the like and dislike toward individual brands. We suggest that objective measures should be used more frequently to quantify emotion-related aspects of brand attitude. In particular, there might be potential interest to introduce startle reflex modulation to measure emotion-related impact during product development, product design and various further fields relevant to marketing. Our findings are discussed in relation to the idea that self reported measures are most often cognitively polluted.

A Gestalt–Minimalism-based decision-making model for evaluating product form design

This paper presents a novel methodology for dealing with decision-making problems in product design fields. The purpose of this study is to evaluate product form design in terms of the perspectives of Gestalt psychology and Minimalist principles. Unlike traditional AHP methods, the proposed decision-making model uses distinct mathematical tools to establish priorities for the criteria and synthesize the evaluation results. A case study was conducted to illustrate the practicability of this proposed model. It has shown a credible result. In addition to product form design, this model can be applied to related design fields, such as plane design and other visual design. Relevance to industry Product form design is a creative process that involves complex visual perceptions. It is very important to develop an effective decision support system for designers to deal with problems concerning the consumers’ psychological preferences toward product forms. As Gestalt psychology and Minimalist principles provide an important perspective on visual perception, it is appropriate to apply these principles in assessing the quality of product form design.