Field Of National Security Research Articles

National security of Mexico and USA. Between pride and ineffectivness

This article pays special attention to the genesis of relations and documents in the field of national security, which determine the relationship between Mexico and the United States, examines its framework and results, as well as the concept and constitutional foundations of national security and defense of Mexico.In this conceptual framework, it is noteworthy that in March 2021 the American delegation, headed by Roberta Jacobson, the former US Ambassador to Mexico, the White House Border Coordinator, arrived in Mexico. Both delegations announced that the talks would focus on ensuring orderly, safe and legal migration in the region and progress in implementing the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Northern Region of Central America, but in fact, the main subject of talks would was US national security. In other words, the regulation of migration flows from Mexico and the countries of the so-called Northern Triangle (Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador).The topics mentioned above are not new on the US-Mexico bilateral agenda, and in this regard, the government of President Biden seems to revise Donald Trump’s policy on migration, with a special focus on national security, using less aggressive rhetoric, without threats to continue the construction of the border wall, but, in turn, more rigid from a political point of view. In view of the above, it appeared appropriate to present the legal framework, set out primarily in the constitution, on which Mexico relies and which allows it to properly negotiate and at the same time have a clear vision on the current state of national security between the two countries.

Документы стратегического планирования в системе обеспечения национальной безопасности Российской Федерации: теоретико-правовой аспект

The question of the regulatory impact of strategic planning documents and their place among the sources of Russian law is investigated. The functions of strategic planning documents that characterize their role as a legal means of ensuring national security are defined. The analysis of the evolution of strategic planning documents in the field of national security is carried out, on the basis of which the trends of their transformation are identified.

Legal aspects of registration and accounting of research and development works in the field of state national security

The article is devoted to the issues of registration and accounting of research and development work performed in the field of national security, by the example of the Ukrainian scientific and research Institute of special equipment and forensic expertise of the Security Service of Ukraine. The legal bases for actions on the specified subjects are investigated. The current state of affairs on the raised issue is analyzed. Some issues that arise during the registration procedure are highlighted.

The system of organs of state power for the protection of human rights in the sphere of national security

The purpose of the study is to provide scientifically based conclusions on the definition of the system of state authorities for protecting human rights in the field of national security in the context of modern challenges and threats based on scientific research. The methodological basis of the study is a complete and coordinated system of methods, which allowed properly analysing the subject matter, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction were used. The theoretical basis of this publication is the papers by Ukrainian researchers devoted to the study of state authorities on the protection of human rights in the field of national security. The scientific originality of the publication is conditioned by the fact that it included a systematic analysis of legal enactments in the field of legal regulation of the system of state authorities for the protection of human rights in the field of national security. It is established that the activities aimed at the protection of human rights and national security are bilateral in nature: the protection of human rights guarantees state security – and protection of state security safeguards human rights. The study highlights the incompleteness of the reform of this system of bodies that certify the shortcomings of the legal regulation of their activities, in particular: 1) the National Guard of Ukraine has the status of a military formation. At the same time, the National Guard of Ukraine is a military formation with law enforcement functions, which belongs to the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; 2) the National Police of Ukraine as the central executive authority belongs to the security and defence sector. At the same time, the Law of Ukraine “On Central Executive Authorities” does not specify the National Police as the central executive authority; 3) the subjects of the intelligence community among others, according to the Law of Ukraine “On intelligence”, is the security service of Ukraine. However, in Part 2 of Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine “On National Security of Ukraine”, the Security Service of Ukraine is defined as a separate body in the field of ensuring national security. It is noted that the double indication of the same bodies in the system of state authorities for the protection of human rights in the field of national security is legally unsound

THE GROUNDBREAKING PUBLIC GOVERNANCE OF NATIONAL SECURITY WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL THREATS

Ensuring public administration of national security is currently gaining extreme significance as seen from the perspective of geopolitical transformations. The addressed issue is particularly relevant and calls for a thorough and systematic research, in view of the global economic crisis, the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and the global geopolitical transformations and threats that have swept over the world during the recent decade. Despite the sound regulatory framework for public administration in the field of national security and the existing mechanisms of state regulation therein, the effectiveness of public administration in protecting national interests and ensuring the security of individuals, society and the state from external and internal threats requires further enquiry. That said, public administration of national security encompasses the mechanisms to ensure the safeguarding of vital interests of man and citizen, society and the state, and accordingly the sustainable development of society, prompt detection, prevention and neutralization of real and potential threats to national interests. Key words: geopolitical security, geopolitical threats, public administration, national security, social security, COVID-19.

Model of the National Security System: Selected Problems

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the knowledge about the concept and organization of the national security system, to define the directions of its development and to present a model that would correspond to contemporary security conditions in its most important area, which is to ensure conditions of existence and national development free of any disturbances to oppose these disturbances and their consequences. Design/Methodology/Approach: In studies, to a different extent and depending on the approach, the research models used in social sciences were used, that is the model of empirical theory, which assumes that all knowledge comes from experience and is associated with the description of relationships between empirical events, the model of the axiomatized theory, based on making bold hypotheses, axioms and theorems, the model of informal (practical) theory based on common knowledge, and the model of eclectic theory, in which various ways of knowing are used: scientific knowledge, empirical laws, hypotheses and possibly common knowledge. The last of the above methods, as the integration of the first three, found the widest application in the course of research. Findings: The main hypothesis is that the organization of national security is dispersed both vertically and horizontally, and this situation causes difficulties in the efficient functioning of the state in times of peace, crisis and war. There are many safety-related systems at all levels of the state organization. Each of them has its own legal regulations, tasks and subordination. Practical Implications: The author's research is illustrative material in the field of formulating organizational assumptions in the field of national security and is an interpretation of knowledge that will be used in the practice of the activities of state organs. Originality/Value: The author's research concerns the organization of the state to ensure security in various states and circumstances of the state's functioning. It is a presentation of the model of the national security system, which, when viewed from the inside, is a set of integrated elements designed to carry out specific tasks, and when viewed from the outside, it is a whole, capable of ensuring security in the most complex circumstances..

Analysis Mathematical Model of Radicalization S(Susceptible) E(Extremists) R(Recruiters) I(Immunity) with Optimal Control

Radicalization is a process when people come to adopt increasingly extreme political or religious ideologies, radicalization almost occurs in almost all countries in the world. Seeing a number of cases in recent times, radicalization has become a major concern for the world, especially in the field of national security. Radicalization has become one of the focuses in the national security sector because it leads to acts of extremism, violence and terrorism. The level of radicalization is high in each year and continues to increase so special supervision is needed to control it because it causes huge financial losses. Therefore a preventive effort is needed to overcome this. Efforts to prevent radical movements have been widely used, ranging from direct or indirect, in addition some things have also been done directly by the government. So far it has not been seen how effective these efforts are. Radicalization is formed because of the influence of extremists and the recruiters group. Many individuals are affected and enter the group because they are influenced by the people in the group who are within their scope. To overcome these problems, a control is needed as an effort to prevent radicalism. Prevention efforts are in the form of strict sanctions given to recruiters. Next to find out how the influence of controls on individual groups of recruiters is needed a tool to represent the tool is a model. The mathematical model that is suitable for representing the appropriate problems of radicalization is the Susceptible (S) , Extremists (E) Recruiters (R), Immunity (I) model.

Multicomponent metal-organic frameworks with aggregation-induced emission characteristics as fluorescence sensor array for the identification of energetic compounds

The identification of energetic compounds is of great importance in the field of national security and environmental monitoring. However, due to the continuous evolution of high energy density materials, the universal discrimination strategy for energetic compounds is still very challenging. Herein, a fluorescence sensor array consisting of multicomponent metal-organic frameworks with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics is developed for distinguishing three types of energetic compounds, including nitroaromatics, nitrogen-rich heterocycles, and nitramines. Through rational design of tetraphenylethene-based AIE linkers and co-ligands, as well as selection of metal nodes, the emissive AIE metal-organic frameworks can produce unique fluorescence quenching patterns corresponding to different energetic compounds in aqueous suspensions. Nine energetic compounds are discriminated within 5 orders of magnitudes ranging from 300 μM to 10 nM by principal component analysis. The resulting sensor array demonstrates excellent selectivity against a variety of interferences and is able to simultaneously distinguish inorganic improvised explosives, providing a new approach for designing olfactory-like sensing system.

ДЕРЖАВНА СИСТЕМА СТРАХОВОГО ФОНДУ ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЇ ЯК ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН І ШЛЯХИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ

The essence of the concepts “insurance fund of documentation”, “state system of insurance fund of documentation” is revealed. The role and significance of the state system of the insurance fund of documentation is determined in preservation of the documented information necessary for needs of defense of Ukraine, delivery to the production, operation and repair of production of defense, mobilization and economic function, for carrying out construction (reconstruction) works during liquidation of emergencies and in special period. It is emphasized that the current state of man-made and environmental security and external threats require reforming the state system of insurance documentation, improving public administration in this field, establishing clear cooperation between the components of the security and defense sector to address the objectives. The current state of the system is considered: its organizational and legal bases and specific features as branches of public administration. It was emphasized that the state system of the insurance fund of documentation is able to effectively solve important strategic, defense and mobilization tasks aimed at ensuring man-made security in the country, performing the function of maintaining the State Register of potentially dangerous objects. It is noted that today this register is a unique and the only database in the country, which contains extensive and up-to-date information on man-made objects of all forms of ownership, which allows using its information to identify potential risks of regions, individual districts, separate territories, specific objects and development of the corresponding administrative decisions concerning prevention of dangerous events in the course of operation, construction and reconstruction of industrial and civil objects. The need for a comprehensive approach to addressing issues related to improving the mechanism of management of the state insurance fund documentation system has been proved, in order to ensure its effective functioning for the realization of national interests of Ukraine in the field of national security, defense and economy.

National security systemand issues of intellectual property

Keywords: national security system of Ukraine, subjects of the national securitysystem, threats to national security, intellectual property
 The system of national security of Ukraine is defined as the interactionof the individual, society, public authorities and local governance in the processof ensuring national security, taking into account the relationships between them andtheir environment. It is an open, dynamic, social system, the main purpose of which isto integrate efforts of the individuals, society and the state for the realization of nationalinterests, ensuring the integrity of the social organism and the ability of thestate to defend these interests.It is noted that the issue of intellectual property is an integral part of the nationalsecurity system of Ukraine, as they are present in all objects of the national securitysystem of Ukraine, and their non-compliance or violations pose a threat to these objects,including national interests in the defense sphere of Ukraine.Theoretical aspects of the national security system of Ukraine, components (elements)of this system and their relationship, the main tasks and functions of strategicsubjects of the national security system are considered. The influence of intellectualproperty on the system of threats to national security and defense capabilities ofUkraine is studied. The need to define the system of intellectual property protectionas a component of national security and defense of Ukraine and to take into accountintellectual property issues in the development of national security state policy, aswell as the importance of further research on the role of intellectual property in nationalsecurity and defense of Ukraine are defined.The structural scheme of the national security system of Ukraine is proposed. Itincludes the objects of national security; subjects of national security; threats to nationalsecurity.Insufficient attention is paid to the study of the role of intellectual property in thefield of national security, as well to the identification of threats to state security inthis area. Therefore, there is a growing need for theoretical research that would conceptuallydefine and substantiate the role of intellectual property in the field of nationalsecurity and defense.

Formation of the Basic Principles of the Middle East policy of the Joe Biden Administration

The period from January to March 2021 completed the formation of the main outlines of the foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration in the Middle East, which found its consolidation in the Interim Strategic Leadership in the field of national security. Its main features, in contrast to the policy of the D. Trump administration, are based on the principles of democracy, liberalism and reliance on the alliances and allies of the United States in the region.
 The main directions of the foreign policy course of the new US administration in the Middle East region are determined as follows: ensuring effective security for Israel in the context of its deep integration into the Middle East, advancing the process of the Abrahamic agreements and resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict on the basis of a two-state solution; organizing, together with its regional allies and partners, the effective counteraction to the Iranian expansionist course by returning to an updated and expanded Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action; continuing the counterterrorism activities with reliance on regional partners and improvement of the forms and methods of its implementation; significantly reducing the level of tension in the region.
 When implementing these tasks, the Biden administration will have to find a balance between the proclaimed principles of its foreign policy in the region and the existing realities and traditions, especially among the Arab countries of the region.

Non-judicial rights review of counterterrorism policies: The role of fundamental rights in the making of the counterterrorism database and the data retention legislation in Germany

Abstract This article analyzes the institutions, procedures, and mechanisms of non-judicial rights review in Germany, focusing on the policy field of national security. Although there is currently a fruitful constitutional debate about the virtues and vices of non-judicial review in the Anglo-Saxon legal world, this debate has virtually gone unnoticed in German scholarship, and the role of political actors in protecting fundamental rights is neglected. This article studies how rights considerations affect the making of antiterrorism policy in Germany and what mechanisms exist in the legislative process to ensure the creation of rights-respecting antiterrorism policy. It is methodologically designed as a case study and focuses on two controversial pieces of legislation: the Data Retention Act and the Anti-Terror Database Act. The article reveals that Germany features a bureaucratic model of rights review in which rights issues are primarily negotiated between the two constitutional ministries—the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior—which are mutually entangled in an institutionalized competitive relationship. This model complements the German strong-form model of judicial review and has the effect that the role of rights is mostly mediated through the Constitutional Court’s case law and the prospect of judicial review. The article further demonstrates that these non-judicial rights-review processes are surrounded by a legalistic and rather formalistic political culture that is not conducive to a principled and deliberative engagement with fundamental rights. Overall, rights are prominently considered and clearly have a constraining effect, however, often ultimately recede when weighed against the objective of ensuring collective security in the wake of the threat of terrorism.

AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF MOLDOVA IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY

The article examines the state of food security in the Republic of Moldova and the provision of the country’s population with food since the last quarter of the XX century. Until now. Based on the analysis of various information for the specified period, the author showed that by the end of the XX century. due to the destruction of the main production potential of the agro-industrial complex, Moldova lost its food independence. On the one hand, this is the result of a significant decline in domestic food production. On the other hand, this trend is explained by a sharp increase in imports of traditionally produced in the country types of food products. In conclusion, it is concluded that ensuring food security in Moldova is possible on its own production basis, which is due to significant natural resources sufficient for the production of all major types of food products in the required quantity and proper quality. Due to the fact that in modern conditions agricultural production and food markets, being neither self-regulating nor self-sufficient, cannot successfully function without state regulation and support The government should take responsibility for the development and implementation of a specific state program in the field of national security in the food sector to provide the population with its own food. Keywords: agro-industrial complex, Moldova, food security, reform, physical accessibility, development strategy.

MONOGRAPH BY BRANIMIR FURLAN ON NATIONAL SECURITY STATEGY

MONOGRAPH BY BRANIMIR FURLAN ON NATIONAL SECURITY STATEGY

Framing China's rise in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom

Abstract Optimism about China's rise has in recent years given way to deep concern in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. Drawing on an original set of interviews with China experts from each country, and an array of primary and secondary sources, I show that shifting framings of China's rise reflect the dynamics of the US, Australian and UK national security fields. The article highlights three features specifically: first, the US field features a belief that China's rise can be arrested or prevented, absent in Australia and the UK. I root this dynamic in the system of professional appointments and the intense US ‘marketplace of ideas’, which gives rise to intense framing contestation and occasional sharp frame change. I then identify the key positions produced by each field, from which key actors have shaped the differing interpretations of China and its meaning. The election of Donald Trump, a strong China-critic, to the US presidency empowered key individuals across government who shifted the predominant framing of China from potential challenger to current threat. The smaller and more centralized fields in Australia and Britain feature fewer and less intense China-sceptical voices; responses have thereby remained largely pragmatic, despite worsening diplomatic relations in each case.

Genesis of the concept of "national security" in administrative law

The paper is devoted to the essence and peculiarities of the origin and development of the concept of “national security” in administrative law. The paper analyzes different opinions on the definition of “national security”, also considers the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine on the protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The legislative provision of security in Ukraine, security of the person, society and the state from external and internal threats in the state as ensuring national security is studied. The urgency of the issue outlined in the paper is due to the ongoing reform processes in the field of national security and law enforcement in Ukraine. However, national security issues are still at the center of various scientific debates. In the research and analysis of the origins and development of the concept of “national security” hermeneutic, logical, linguistic and semiotic research methods are used. It is proved that in the legislation and legal literature this term has gained wide application and recognition that meets the general requirements of legal technique: the terms must be generally accepted, have a stable character and wide application. It is noted that the term “national security” still remains relevant and controversial. Although the term “national security” was first used after World War II, certain aspects of it have been considered since the creation of nation-states in the mid-seventeenth century. This term is used in various aspects, has no unambiguous application in the legal literature, lawmaking and legal practice, so it can be interpreted in various aspects. Ukrainian scholars-administrators define the security of the country in different ways, in particular through the prism of the executive activity of the relevant law enforcement agencies that provide it.

Ensuring Sustainability of the Social Order as a Priority in the Field of National Security

The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors on which the stability of the social order depends and to substantiate the expediency of its priority in the sphere of national security. The scientific novelty of the article is the justification of the interrelationship between national security and the stability of the social order in the need’s context to merge society around the goals that guarantee its security. Conclusions. The study shows that the sustainability of the social order ensures the existence and security of society and social institutions. We analyzed the axiological dimension of social order and sustainability through the disclosure of the social function of value orientation. We see them as the basis for the choice of action of the elements of social systems. In this context, we emphasized justifying the importance of a conceptual framework for its sustainability that considers the socio-cultural specificities of society and the values of the indivisible. We have shown that the main reason for the danger of social order and stability leading to the disintegration of society is the disparity of traditional values. They inform society of the ideological principles, program goals, and legal norms concerning its existence and the development of the State, which are determined by the highest political leadership. This makes it advisable to study the social system in question, its hierarchical levels, and their interrelationships. Hierarchical levels (moral, legal, conceptual) are described, their interrelationship is described, and it shows the category of sustainability to reflect the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the social order as a social system. Level – the quality (conflict-free) of its internal structuring. Emphasis has been placed on the desirability of distinguishing, at the conceptual level, the social order from the conceptual and ideological, and programmatic aspects this ensures that political decisions are made at the strategic level of public administration and that the strategic objectives of society, the means, and means of achieving them in national security, are justified. It has been established that the most effective means of destroying the State is to generate the prerequisites for threatening the stability of the social order, Therefore, the priority task of the actors of public administration and administration is to develop and implement a set of measures aimed at structuring and harmonizing principles, values and objectives at and between hierarchical levels of social order. We have identified basic prerequisites for the effectiveness of these measures, including mutually agreed goals, timetables, means, and methods of implementing strategies for socio-political and socio-economic development. Key words: social order, national security, public administration, social order and stability risks, value orientations, social order levels

Some Aspects of Capability-based Planning in the Field of National Security

The State Border Guard Service of Ukraine is a component of the security and defense sector and the new conditions the border agency operates in arise the issue on improving the methodology of planning its operational and service activities. The authors propose to improve the methodology of operational and service activities planning based on the methodology of defense planning within the national security system on the basis of opportunities. The capability-based planning will allow for better planning of operational and service activities of the border agency and will ensure active cooperation between Ukraine and NATO in order to achieve the criteria necessary for full membership in the Alliance. A defense survey is conducted to assess the state and readiness of the defense forces to perform tasks related to the defense of Ukraine, the state of their personnel, financial, logistical and other types of support in the current and projected conditions of the security environment. The survey of the state of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine was conducted using an analytical method, namely the analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT-analysis), which allows substantiating the main directions of the Development Strategy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and increasing the level of operational and service activities planning within the system of national security.

Conceptual Approaches to the Problem of national Security Concept

A comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the transformation of ideas about the nature of national security reform in domestic jurisprudence has been carried out. The author has defined the priorities and directions of the reform in the field of national security and, more importantly, its theoretical and methodological basis.
 It has been determined that the main object of the reform in the field of national security is the whole complex of public relations, which is subject to special protection by the system of entities of ensuring national security. The system of such social relations is centered around the defining national interests, which usually include the vital interests of a man, society and the state and the implementation of which ensures the state sovereignty, its progressive development, and safe living conditions and welfare of citizens.
 It has been noted that the main purpose of national security reform is to improve legislation and governance in the national security sector, which can provide qualitative strengthening in accordance with current and future needs of society to protect key national interests from external and internal real and potential threats.
 It has been concluded that national security is not considered in modern, both domestic and international science, exclusively as an “acquisition” and a sphere of monopoly responsibility of the state; we cannot eliminate the active participation of civil society structures, which should exercise public control over the course of such a reform and, if necessary, should have the tools of close communication with state authorities at the stage of initiating the reform, constructing its goals and objectives, directions and perspectives and at the stages of its implementation. Restriction of the capacity of the state, especially in times of economic crisis, highlights the need to optimize the participation of non-government actors in ensuring national security. Obviously, such activity of the non-governmental sector should be strongly encouraged by legislative instruments, legitimizing measures for national security reform through its close involvement and providing them with additional public support.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

Економічна та інформаційна глобалізація світових відносин супроводжується створенням ефектив- них механізмів і засобів для інформаційного та фінансового впливу на партнерів і конкурентів у локальному, регіональному і глобальному масштабах. Метою таких дій, як правило, є зміна розподілу вироблених реальних благ на користь тих, хто розробляє, має і застосовує відповідні технології. Ситуація, що склалася, вимагає підвищення уваги до захисту державних інтересів від нових реальних і потенційних загроз, забезпечення інформаційної та економічної безпеки. Пережитий світом черговий етап технологічної революції в інформаційній сфері тягне серйозні зміни в суспільстві у цілому. Змінюється спосіб життя мільйонів людей. Процеси глобалізації зачіпають усе нові й нові сфери діяльності. Це стає актуальним й у сфері забезпечення національної безпеки, де чітко виділяється специфіка забезпечення інформаційної безпеки. Загрози економічній та інформаційній безпеці дуже різноманітні, не завжди їх можна класифікувати й систематизувати, оскільки динаміка розвитку суспільства та економіки постійно змінюють існуючі і ство- рюють нові загрози. До таких загроз можна віднести міжнародний кібертероризм, інформаційно-фінансові атаки та ін. Тяжкість наслідків реалізації економічних загроз залежить не тільки від сили джерела загроз, які прагнуть змінити стан держави, а й від непідготовленості державних систем до відбиття цих загроз. У сучасних нестійких турбулентних умовах, у світлі загострення проблеми взаємозв’язку інформаційної та економічної безпеки дуже важливо своєчасно виявляти й оцінювати виникаючі загрози економічній та інформаційній безпеці і на цій основі вживати необхідні заходи щодо запобігання загрозам, захисту інформаційних і економічних інтересів від потенційних джерел небезпеки.