Field Of Metallurgy Research Articles

Elucidating "screw dislocation"-driven film formation of sodium thiosulphate with complex hierarchical molecular assembly.

Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) films were synthesized on carbon steel substrates through solution deposition, and a film formation growth mechanism is delineated in detail herein. Dislocation-driven film formation took place at the lower concentration of Na2S2O3 (0.1 M) studied, where screw dislocation loops were identified. Interestingly, we observed the co-existence of screw dislocation spiral loops and hierarchically-ordered molecular assembly in the film, and showed the importance of hierarchical morphology in the origin of screw dislocation. The screw dislocation loops were, however, distorted at the higher studied concentration of Na2S2O3 (0.5 M), and no hierarchical structures were formed. The mechanisms of film formation are discussed in detail and provide new insights into our understanding regarding morphology of the hierarchical molecular assembly, screw dislocation loop formation, and the role of chemical elements for their development. The main crystalline and amorphous phases in the surface films were identified as pyrite/mackinawite and magnetite. As sodium thiosulphate is widely used for energy, corrosion inhibition, nanoparticle synthesis and catalysis applications, the knowledge generated in this study is applicable to the fields of corrosion, materials science, materials chemistry and metallurgy.

Автоматизированный лабораторный волочильный стан

The article is devoted to automated laboratory drawing mill VP-3/400 when produced by Scientific Production Enterprise «Educational Technology» . The modern tendencies of process of drawing of a wire in monolithic drawing and the machines capable to realize them are described. The article contents description of multiple straight-through drawing and its advantages in comparison with other methods. The design of the developed mill is described and engineering solutions allowing to carry out the drawing process according to modern ideas about it, which increase both the quality of the finished product and the efficiency indicators of the technological process as a whole are described. The method of automated control of the developed straight-through drawing mill is described and its technical realization is shown. Attention has been paid to the description of safety equipment when working with the mill, both in the form of design solutions and software. The article gives recommendations on the use of the developed laboratory equipment both in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of engineering and metallurgy, as well as in scientific research related to the improvement of the wire drawing process in monolithic drawing and the production of wire from various grades of steel and alloys.

Properties of bulk metallic glasses

A relatively small number of revolutionary materials have been discovered in the field of physical metallurgy and metal physics in the last several decades, and bulk metallic glasses are among them. Their strength and hardness are considerably higher and their modulus of normal elasticity is considerably lower than that of crystalline alloys, which leads to large stored elastic strain energy. These materials also have very good corrosion resistance. In this article, we present the properties of bulk metallic glasses, in particular, thermal, mechanical, magnetic, and electrical properties, corrosion resistance, as well as the application fields of these alloys.

Лабораторный прокатный стан ДУО-130

The article is devoted to the description of the design and operation principle of the rolling mill DUO-130 which produces by the Scientific Production Enterprise «Educational Technology». Rolling mill is designed for laboratory and scientific research. The distinctive features of this laboratory mill are small dimensions while maintaining the classical construction of the main line of the rolling stand, the automation system of the mill and the data collection which can measuring the rolling force and torque and can display them on touch screen of the console management in the form of graphs and diagrams. Article describes control system of the mill, also it propose solutions for the construction of the system for collecting and analyzing data obtained during the rolling operation are considered. Attention is paid to the description of the means of ensuring safety during the work of the mill. This is both design decisions and software. The article gives recommendations on the use of the developed laboratory equipment both in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of engineering and metallurgy, as well as in conducting research related to the study of experimental steel grades and alloys in the rolling process

ВЫБОР ФУНКЦИИ ЯДРА ДЛЯ РАСЧЕТА ЗАДАЧИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ СТАЛИ В ЖИДКОЙ ФАЗЕ В СОСУДЕ С ОТКРЫТОЙ СТЕНКОЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТОДА SPH

Recently the method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics developed rapidly and was already used for the solution of a wide spectrum of scientificengineering problems in the fields of astrophysics, hydrodynamics, gasdynamics and so on. Besides, there were solved many problems on liquid motion in a ves-sel with an open wall. But at the solution of specific problems typical for the field of metallurgy, simulators created with the aid of the method shown may behave unstably. Models instability is characterized with an uneven distribution of liquid in a vessel and particles penetration through rigid walls and with the isolation of particles from a basic mass of liquid. The particles isolation from the mass of liquid and the entrainment of surrounding particles with it results in non-physical behavior of liquid and, as a consequence, in wrong results of computation. This paper reports the analysis of the applica-tion of nucleus different functions to the computation of a density value for the problem solution of particle isolation from the basic mass of liquid and their entrainment of surrounding particles with them. For re-sults check a model of liquid steel oscillation in a steelladle on the basis of the method of particles smoothing was used.

Formation and Utilization of Nanostructures Based on Carbon During Primary Aluminum Production

Results are given for comprehensive research concerning fields of metallurgy, nanomaterials, and ecology. Taking account of theoretical concepts and known practice of modifying gray cast iron, a new ultrafine modifier is considered containing carbon with increased chemical activity. It is established that carbon foam, electrolyzer dust from electric filters, and alumina passing through a dry gas cleaning system, have carbon nanostructures in their composition. Raw material composition for preparing modifying additive, procedures, and experimental materials are provided. Results are given from a series of cast iron melts with a different modifier content and a method for adding it with replacement of 50% of standard metallurgical graphite by the carbon-containing part of carbon foam. The effect of modifier on phase formation during gray cast iron solidification by means of cooling from a liquid condition is considered. A test cast iron sample and reference cast iron are analyzed chemically, and mechanical properties are analyzed. It is established that a modifier makes it possible to improve gray cast iron grade. Theories are proposed for carbon nanotube formation during aluminum production. A technology is provided for extracting carbon structures from starting raw material. It is shown that with preparation of one ton of aluminum using the production solutions developed for decontamination and utilization of industrial waste it is possible to produce modifier based on highly organized carbon nanostructures.

XIX International Scientific Conference on Metallurgy: Technologies, Innovation, Quality (Metallurgy2015)

XIX International Scientific Conference on Metallurgy: Technologies, Innovation, Quality (Metallurgy2015), supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, was held from December 15 to December 16 2015 in Novokuznetsk, Russia (Project No. 15-08-21019).The conference has been held since 1997 on the basis of Siberian State Industrial University. It has become a successful forum of international level, which involves leading scientists in the field of metallurgy and materials science from Russia, China, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, experts from steel industry. The conference is the platform for professional discussions and introduction by the scientific and manufacturing communities of the latest research results and technological solutions in the field of production and processing of materials, energy and resources, environment and recycling of industrial wastes. It allows the dominant current trends to be determined and forecasts for the future to be justified.The present issue of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering contains 44 specially selected research papers divided into 4 topics:• Theory, modeling, technologies and automation of metallurgical processes;• Metallurgical heat engineering, heat-power engineering and energy saving. Environment and waste management and steel industry;• Technological processes of metal materials treatment: foundry, metal forming, heat treatment;• Technological processes of welding and obtainment of powder, composite materials and coatings.The Organizing committee would like to thank all participants for the high activity and highly appreciates the contribution of all the authors and research teams into the development of technologies. We hope that the exchange of experience and thoughtful discussion of relevant scientific issues will be a powerful impetus to their effective solution, and the published proceedings of the conference will help to promote the achievements of the world industry.

Hemimorphite Ores: A Review of Processing Technologies for Zinc Extraction

With the gradual depletion of zinc sulfide ores, exploration of zinc oxide ores is becoming more and more important. Hemimorphite is a major zinc oxide ore, attracting much attention in the field of zinc metallurgy although it is not the major zinc mineral. This paper presents a critical review of the treatment for extraction of zinc with emphasis on flotation, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods based on the properties of hemimorphite. The three-dimensional framework structure of hemimorphite with complex linkage of its structural units lead to difficult desilicification before extracting zinc in the many metallurgical technologies. It is found that the flotation method is generally effective in enriching zinc minerals from hemimorphite ores into a high-grade concentrate for recovery of zinc. Pure zinc can be produced from hemimorphite or/and willemite with a reducing reagent, like methane or carbon. Leaching reagents, such as acid and alkali, can break the complex structure of hemimorphite to release zinc in the leached solution without generation of silica gel in the hydrometallurgical process. For optimal zinc extraction, combing flotation with pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods may be required.

Tannins in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy

This study provides an up to date review of tannins, specifically quebracho, in mineral processing and metallurgical processes. Quebracho is a highly useful reagent in many flotation applications, acting as both a depressant and a dispersant. Three different types of quebracho are mentioned in this study; quebracho “S” or Tupasol ATO, quebracho “O” or Tupafin ATO, and quebracho “A” or Silvafloc. It should be noted that literature often refers simply to “quebracho” without distinguishing a specific type. Quebracho is most commonly used in industry as a method to separate fluorite from calcite, which is traditionally quite challenging as both minerals share a common ion—calcium. Other applications for quebracho in flotation with calcite minerals as the main gangue source include barite and scheelite. In sulfide systems, quebracho is a key reagent in differential flotation of copper, lead, zinc circuits. The use of quebracho in the precipitation of germanium from zinc ores and for the recovery of ultrafine gold is also detailed in this work. This analysis explores the wide range of uses and methodology of quebracho in the extractive metallurgy field and expands on previous research by Iskra and Kitchener at Imperial College entitled, “Quebracho in Mineral Processing”.

Formation of metallurgical sector in Kharkiv practical technological institute at the end of XIX – in the beginning of XX centuries

The state of metallurgical industry of the Russian empire at the end of XIX century is analyzed. The reasons of intensification of researches in technical sciences are determined. It is presented the information about creation of technological higher educational establishment in Kharkiv city; in particular, it is shown the help in this question given by authoritative residents of Kharkiv, public of other provinces, representatives of the South of Russian Empire mining industry. It is proven that in the Kharkiv practical technological institute the first in Ukraine specialized department from training of specialists in the field of metallurgy was created. It is given the information about the first scientifically pedagogical staff of KhPTI in the field of metallurgy and attention is accented, that teachers were experienced specialistspractitioners. Basic directions of leading scientists-metallurgists scientific work by A.F Mevius, V.S. Knabbe, T.M. Ber are illustrated. Main directions of scientific interests of these scientists are found out; value of their fundamental works is shown. Provision of course of metallurgy in KhPTI by equipment for realization of research work, and also by scientific and educational literature is illustrated. Using materials of Archives, the information about opening and financing of the first industrial metallurgical laboratory is given. It is shown that the material and technical base of institute allowed carrying out researches not only for scientific and educational purposes but also by the orders of industry. The conclusion is done, that staffing at the beginning of XX century was carried out due to the graduating students of institute, but not due to invitation of graduating students of West European establishments, as it was from the beginning of KhPTI activity.

Thermal-electrical-mechanical simulation of the nickel densification by Spark Plasma Sintering. Comparison with experiments

Spark Plasma Sintering is a non-conventional process of the powder metallurgy field which uses a high electrical current to rapidly produce fully dense materials. In the present paper, a thermal-electrical-mechanical model developed on ABAQUS Software is proposed to simulate the densification of a nickel disk. A compaction model, studied in [Wolff, C., Mercier, S., Couque, H., Molinari, A., 2012. Modeling of conventional hot compaction and spark plasma sintering based on modified micromechanical models of porous materials. Mechanics of Materials 49 (0), 72–91. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167663611002195], has been used to reproduce the densification of the sample. Two SPS experiments have been necessary to identify the parameters of the densification law. In order to evaluate the robustness of the present model, two other SPS experiments have been performed. The whole results of the simulation show a good agreement with the experimental data confirming the validity of the compaction model developed in [Wolff, C., Mercier, S., Couque, H., Molinari, A., 2012. Modeling of conventional hot compaction and spark plasma sintering based on modified micromechanical models of porous materials. Mechanics of Materials 49 (0), 72–91. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167663611002195].

Methods of Computational Intelligence in the Context of Quality Assurance in Foundry Products

Abstract One way to ensure the required technical characteristics of castings is the strict control of production parameters affecting the quality of the finished products. If the production process is improperly configured, the resulting defects in castings lead to huge losses. Therefore, from the point of view of economics, it is advisable to use the methods of computational intelligence in the field of quality assurance and adjustment of parameters of future production. At the same time, the development of knowledge in the field of metallurgy, aimed to raise the technical level and efficiency of the manufacture of foundry products, should be followed by the development of information systems to support production processes in order to improve their effectiveness and compliance with the increasingly more stringent requirements of ergonomics, occupational safety, environmental protection and quality. This article is a presentation of artificial intelligence methods used in practical applications related to quality assurance. The problem of control of the production process involves the use of tools such as the induction of decision trees, fuzzy logic, rough set theory, artificial neural networks or case-based reasoning.

Rayleigh wave dispersion in an irregular sandy Earth's crust over orthotropic mantle

The present paper presents a study of Rayleigh wave propagation in a sandy crustal layer of the Earth lying over an orthotropic mantle with irregular boundary surfaces under the influence of initial stress, gravity field and rigid boundary plane. An attempt has been made to study the dynamics of the individual medium and derive the displacement of the wave for both the media separately. Suitable boundary conditions have been imposed to derive the dispersion equation in closed form. In general, the obtained dispersion equation is complex, which on separating into real and imaginary parts, leads to two different dispersion equations, of which we are neglecting the imaginary part being damping in nature. The real part contains complete information regarding corrugation parameter, wave number, phase velocity, sandy parameter, initial stress and gravity field. The results for irregular boundaries have been obtained in three cases and presented using graphs. It has been found that the initial stress and sandy parameter have a significant effect and remarkable bearing on the phase velocity of Rayleigh surface wave. Corrugation parameters also have a dominant impact on the propagation of Rayleigh wave. This study may be of great help in the field of industrial engineering, submarine structures, civil engineering, aerospace, chemical pipe and metallurgy as well as geophysics.

Modelling of Packing Density for Particle Composites Design

Effective packing of solid particles is one of the main topics in the field of ceramics, powder metallurgy and concrete technology. In these material sectors it is necessary to maximise or optimise the packing density of particles. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the ability not even to measure the packing density effectively but especially to predict it and affect it with sufficient accuracy. Despite of large experiences in field of metallurgy and ceramics technology, it is still relatively difficult to predict packing density in the concrete technology. Prediction is based on de Larrard linear packing theory expanded by third parameter including wedging effect of particles to the form of 3-parameter packing model. In this paper the model is calibrated for fillers using in Particle composites technology with respect to their granulometry, mainly aimed on UHPC technology. Calibration is based on correlation with experimentally determined values of packing density of model particles mixtures. Successful optimization of particular system composition in concrete technology then could lead not even to decrease of final price but it has also a beneficial influence mainly on mechanical properties and durability of final product.

Mathematical Model of Plates and Strips Rolling for Calculation of Energy Power Parameters and Dynamic Loads

Presents the results of studies of innovative materials in the field of metallurgy. The article describes mathematical models for calculating energy-parameters of hot rolling plates and strips using a more correct evaluation of external friction, which is necessary for precisely determining the values of the dynamic loads in the drive’s line of rolling mills stands. The results can be used for designing rolling mills drive lines’ mechanical facilities.

PROPERTIES OF BULK METALLIC GLASSES

A relatively small number of revolutionary discoveries were made in the field of metallurgy and metal physics in the last few decades, and bulk metallic glasses are one of them. The strength and hardness of bulk metallic glasses are much higher while moduli of elasticity are lower than those of crystalline alloys which results in high stored elastic strain energy. These alloys also have very good corrosion resistance. This article covers various properties of bulk metallic glasses, in particular thermal, mechanical, magnetic, electrical properties and corrosion resistance as well as applications of these alloys.

Cavitation erosion mechanism of titanium alloy radiation rods in aluminum melt

Ultrasound radiation rods play a key role in introducing ultrasonic to the grain refinement of large-size cast aluminum ingots (with diameter over 800mm), but the severe cavitation corrosion of radiation rods limit the wide application of ultrasonic in the metallurgy field. In this paper, the cavitation erosion of Ti alloy radiation rod (TARR) in the semi-continuous direct-chill casting of 7050 Al alloy was investigated using a 20kHz ultrasonic vibrator. The macro/micro characterization of Ti alloy was performed using an optical digital microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results indicated that the cavitation erosion and the chemical reaction play different roles throughout different corrosion periods. Meanwhile, the relationship between mass-loss and time during cavitation erosion was measured and analyzed. According to the rate of mass-loss to time, the whole cavitation erosion process was divided into four individual periods and the mechanism in each period was studied accordingly.

Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides as Innovative High Temperature Lightweight Structural Materials – How Materialographic Methods Have Contributed to Their Development

Abstract The present article is considered the continuation of the two review articles “Intermetallische γ-Titanaluminid-Basislegierungen aus metallographischer Sicht” (“Intermetallic γ titanium aluminide based alloys from a metallographic point of view”) by H. Clemens and F. Jeglitsch in Pract. Metallogr. 37 (2000) 194 – 217 and “Intermetallische γ-Titanaluminid-Basislegierungen aus metallographischer Sicht – eine Fortsetzung” (“Intermetallic γ titanium aluminide based alloy from a metallographic point of view – a continuation”) by H. Clemens and S. Mayer in Pract. Metallogr. 48 (2011) 64 – 100. With reference to a γ TiAl based alloy specifically developed for aircraft engines, the so-called TNM alloy, this third and concluding part describes how materialographic methods, in combination with a targeted use of complementary investigation methods, have contributed to their development, manufacture, and processing, and, eventually, to their industrial launch. In this context, the alloy development strategy is discussed and representative microstructures and nanostructures are shown and described after different processing and heat treatment processes. Selected case studies from materialographic examinations are presented and interpreted using, for each and every of these aspects, approaches from the fields of physical metallurgy und metal physics.

Steel construction in Italy in the 1930s: the case of the Societ à Nazionale Officine di Savigliano

The aim of the research is to retrace that part of the Italian construction, which concerns steel frame structures. Considering the 1930s in particular, the study focuses on the case of one of the most important Italian company in the field of metallurgy and steel construction: the “Società Nazionale Officine di Savigliano” (national company workshops Savigliano).

Tannins in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

This study provides an up to date review of tannins, specifically quebracho, in mineral processing and metallurgical processes. Quebracho is a highly useful reagent in many flotation applications, acting as both a depressant and a dispersant. Three different types of quebracho are mentioned in this study; quebracho “S” or Tupasol ATO, quebracho “O” or Tupafin ATO, and quebracho “A” or Silvafloc. It should be noted that literature often refers simply to “quebracho” without distinguishing a specific type. Quebracho is most commonly used in industry as a method to separate fluorite from calcite, which is traditionally quite challenging as both minerals share a common ion—calcium. Other applications for quebracho in flotation with calcite minerals as the main gangue source include barite and scheelite. In sulfide systems, quebracho is a key reagent in differential flotation of copper, lead, zinc circuits. The use of quebracho in the precipitation of germanium from zinc ores and for the recovery of ultrafine gold is also detailed in this work. This analysis explores the wide range of uses and methodology of quebracho in the extractive metallurgy field and expands on previous research by Iskra and Kitchener at Imperial College entitled, “Quebracho in Mineral Processing”.