Literature In Field Research Articles

Notes on the Novella

Abstract Longer than a short story but shorter than a novel, the novella appears to occupy a clear formal niche. However, novellas have posed problems for even the most basic taxonomies of literary criticism and publishing. Though the novella is defined by its length, length alone has never been sufficient to determine whether a text counts as a novella. Though the novella is a global form, shared among many national literary cultures, its transnational history is muddled by terminological inconsistency. This article sets out to understand the novella as a slippery form, one that slides through the institutional machinery that administers literary production. It centers its investigation on the United States during a period in global cultural history when the literary field was slowly coming into existence. In this environment, a group of long short stories or short novels—Nathaniel Hawthorne's “The Scarlet Letter,” Herman Melville's “Benito Cereno,” and Frederick Douglass's The Heroic Slave—revealed the incoherence of “literature” as it gradually assumed its modern form.

YARAYA ÜFLEMEK: KURMACA OLMAYAN YAZIN YOLUYLA KADIN HAKLARINA İLİŞKİN KÜRESEL FARKINDALIK YARATMA: I AM MALALA (2013)

Memoir which is one of the most common genre in the literary field has a special place in terms of presenting historical and social facts. A memoir is not the history itself but one of the aiding tools to understand history. This particular genre primarily focuses on the events and the phenomena that leaves traces in a personal account. It sheds light on historians, researchers and to those who contribute studies on psychosocial and socio-political issues. Most importantly, it makes the facts remembered for all times. In this regard, the purpose of this particular study is to explore how memoir as a literary non-fiction genre promotes sustainable awareness of gender-based injustice against women as presented in I am Malala (2013) by Malala Yousafzai and Christina Lamb. It is widely acknowledged that patriarchy and dominant masculine perception of gender norms have institutionalized power over women in many parts of the world. Much research on global gender-based inequalities has shed light on the particular effects and bitter consequences of applied dogmatic socio-political sanctions against women's rights. Among the most important factors for female gender role trauma can be shown as the violation of rights and freedom due to the lack of legal protection. To view how gender-based injustice is produced and justified as two critical means of power, one should highlight the domains of ideology and power dynamics. Especially in South Asia countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan, government policies impose ideological constraints on women's rights. In this regard, literary analysis is an effective way to create universal awareness of the destructive effects of patriarchal hegemony, sex bias, and stereotypical labeling. As this genre suggests, the memoirs collected in the book constitute a work of high significance that reflects the effects of gender discrimination via historical events and promotes universal awareness. Thus, the study will carry out qualitative research by focusing on the published book as the main source. Supported by secondary sources, the findings of the study draw out the fact that memoir plays a pivotal role and is a powerful agent in dealing with gender-based injustice issues and a key to universalize international awareness on gender development.

Problematika Pada Tataran Pembelajaran Sejarah Sastra

Problems are often associated with various problems, but the essence of problematics is to find the best solution with supporting things. Learning the history of literature itself is learning about the origins of or relating to the past about literature. Learning literature from time to time changes and adds to the level of study that is applied, giving rise to various problems in the context of its teaching of both formal and non - formal education. The problems themselves arise from various factors, the quality of learning literature in schools which may be caused by various things such as the curriculum, teachers, students, facilities and infrastructure, and perhaps also from the approach to learning literature itself, and the lack of deepening of the history of literature learning. Thus, to find a solution there is a literature study, including making the school a literary field, innovative learning with changes that are adjusted to the passage of time, as well as various learning approaches in the context of applying the teaching of literary history.

Women writers and the possibility of a women's literary tradition in Transylvanian Hungarian literature

AbstractWithin the regional literary canon of Transylvanian Hungarian literature, female authors had a marginal position during the last century, as a quantitative methodology can show. The objective of the paper is to point out the structural dimensions of this marginalization, through exploring patterns in the reception of women authors, and characteristics of the literary field of Transylvanian Hungarian literature. The question is whether thematic or genre issues, the prestige of certain literary and cultural forms (like memoirs, children's literature, theatre etc.) affected during the past century the canonical position of female authors. The analysis outlines a possible structure of a women's literary tradition.

A szeriális közlés diadala

Krúdy was an extremely productive author of his contemporary literary field. His publication process could easily become automatized by the different patterns of serialization. The paper links these patterns with cliches of Krúdy’s oeuvre, for example his relationship with the wellknown modernist journal Nyugat (‘West’) and Kálmán Mikszáth, whose narrative innovations and themes became a model for him, according to “shallow” contemporary critics. From the beginning of the 1910’s Krúdy serially published newspaper articles with only short pauses, and he signed an important contract with Singer and Wolfner Publishing in 1914. The participants came to terms about a 16-volume serial of his complete works. They managed to publish many of these books despite the crisis of the outbreak of WWI. Furthermore, Krúdy could handle the yet-unpublished works of the arrangement under different titles at other publishing houses. This short analysis of Krúdy’s networking demonstrates that this contract functioned as a kind of protection against some of the author’s steps which later had crucial consequences. Serial publishing in important newspapers during the Aster Revolution and the Hungarian Soviet Republic was like a red flag to a bull, namely to the conservative literary system, because it regarded Krúdy’s serial publishing in 1918–19 as the main “evidence” for his propaganda-based prosecution from 1920.

ETHNO-CULTURAL COMPONENT IN MODERN PRIMARY EDUCATION

The aim of the article is to reveal the role of the ethno-cultural component in forming the national consciousness of junior schoolchildren. One of the most important functions of the school at today's stage is the development of the child's personal world through mastering the spiritual and practical experience and culture of humanity, educating a cultured person capable of self-determination and productive creative activity to create a cultural environment. The implementation of the ethno-cultural component of the content of school education, which is provided by the cultural approach, opens up space for students in creative and research activities, their acquisition of key and subject competencies. It has been proven that the task of the teacher and school education is to ensure the transmission and communication of the ethno-cultural traditions of previous generations to the present, support the positive trends of cultural interaction in the conditions of cohabitation of different peoples / nationalities / ethnic groups for the enrichment and development of ethnic cultures as part of the national culture. It is emphasized that the ethnocultural component is an effective means of awakening cognitive activity, independence, bright individuality, aesthetic development of junior schoolchildren, their involvement in the rich treasures of the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainian people through the assimilation of theoretical knowledge and practical participation in multiplying its achievements. It ensures the assimilation of samples and values of national culture, cultural-historical and social experience of one's state, the formation of a sense of belonging and respect for one's native land. The implementation of this component is ensured through the content of the textbooks of the linguistic and literary field of education - "Ukrainian language" and "Reading", where samples of artistic works of ethno-cultural orientation are presented, since Ukrainian studies topics form Ukrainian studies and general cultural competence in primary school students.

Contribution of Muslim Women in Writing Field: A Survey Based on the Noorul Ain Najmul Husain Works

In the 21st century, the media is an instrument of vigilance. Historically, women’s contribution to the media has been marginal. In the 21st century, women’s contributions in the media industry began to increase after various struggles. As a result women are participating in various media activities. And although women have contributed massively to the success of modern media, men’s contribution to the media industry is greater than that of women. Moreover, many studies show that the contribution of women has not reached a significant level compared to the contribution of men. Nevertheless, the contributions of women can be particularly observed in the media industry in Sri Lanka. In this background, Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul Husain is seen as one of the Muslim women writers in Sri Lanka not only in the field of poetry, but can also her contribution be seen in various fields like novels, short stories, magazines and newspapers. In this way, this research is a review with the main objective to identify the writing personalities of Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul Husain. And, the study is qualitative and secondary data were used to achieve the task. Particularly the data has been reviewed through books, magazines, journals, internet articles, videos and presented through the narrative method. The study reveals that the personality is a famous writer in various fields such as newspapers, articles, magazines, poetry and short stories. Therefore, we hope that our study will identify the literary contribution of Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul (Husain) and by reading such literary contribution, Muslim women in Sri Lanka will inspire future generations to follow the knowledge of the literary field.

Sanat ve Tasarımda Gerçeküstü Mizah: Marx Ernst ve Jan Lenica

Visual humor is one of the important tools used by designers and artists. Art historians and thinkers have mostly analyzed, commented on, and researched humor in literary fields, such as stories and novels. However, in the context of the relationships of absurd and absurd humor in art and design, the analyses and research on their differences and similarities have been limited. The aim of this research is to analyze how and why absurd humor, which has absurd and absurd characteristics in art and design, is used in the fields of art and design, and to derive findings and results. In the research, it was seen that the absurd, absurd and strange aspects of visual absurd humor are a common approach in the works of dada and surrealist artists. In order to discuss and analyze the subject in a concrete form, the works of Max Ernst, one of the important representatives of surrealism, were examined in this context. It was determined that the unexpected surprises formed by the strange and absurd phenomena seen in Ernst's figurative works constitute the basis of absurd humor. On the other hand, it was seen that similar surreal and strange figurative elements seen in the works of Jan Lenica, an important name in poster design, were used to create communication to tell a specific concrete story. In the analyses and findings made within the framework of the works of Ernst and Lenica in the context of visual absurd humor in art and design, it was seen that the visual language used and the idea analyses have a parallel structure. On the other hand, since the purposes of art and design fields are different, the use of absurd humor in art is handled with a more vague and uncertain understanding, while similar images in design are transformed into a specific concept for communication. It is possible to say that the findings obtained in this research with the comparative methodology in academic studies on the relationship between art and design will contribute to the literature on the subject.

Cultural Capital: Reflections from a Latin Americanist

<i>Cultural Capital</i>: Reflections from a Latin Americanist

‘De winnaar is een boek dat qua vorm, inhoud en denkkracht zijn gelijke niet heeft’

Literary awards play an important role in the production of prestige. Awardjuries typically substantiate their judgements by citing forms of literary quality that they believe are innate to the laureate’s work. However, their perception of quality is largely driven by circumstantial factors, such as the author’s demographic background, the publishers they are affiliated with, their time already spent in the literary field, and their previously won awards. This article examines the ways in which these circumstantial factors influence awarding behaviour, whilst drawing on field-theoretical approaches to literature. It argues that the more ‘prestigious’ an award is deemed, the more conservative its judging habitus becomes. In addition, it will be demonstrated, that the internal logic of the literary award scene steers new awards, which try to secure their claim to prestige, towards more conservative choices, as such making it difficult for authors who do not match the ‘conservative’ profile to win.

Social Capital: Epic Fantasy and the Magical School

Abstract The term “cultural capital” has entered the general lexicon of cultural criticism as a description of social prestige won through the acquisition of knowledge rather than monetary wealth. And, yet, for all its utility in delineating the form of value acquired by students in the study of literature in school, cultural capital has proven limited in its ability to explain the dynamics of the contemporary literary field at large. Addressing this limitation, this essay reintroduces a lesser-known term from the work of Pierre Bourdieu, “social capital,” exploring how it becomes strikingly visible in one of the dominant popular genres of our time, epic fantasy.

현대 러시아 문학 비평의 새로운 공간: 텔레그램 문학 채널을 중심으로

This article explored the changes in the existing cultural system, such as the changes in contemporary Russian literary field and the distribution and consumption of literature, in the online criticism space due to the development of digital technology. To this end, we first looked at the culture of online book reviews in Russia. We could see that today’s Russian literature considers the natural encounter between literature and new media as a new possibility for literary criticism.BR In this environment, it was confirmed that book critics’ blogs, which are online cultural intermediaries, are gradually being created by various individuals, and their influence is growing. The most vivid example of these book review bloggers is the literary critic Galina Yuzepovich. As an opinion leader, she is now considered a central figure in contemporary Russian literature.BR However, along with her, several individual book review bloggers are active as online cultural intermediaries and opinion leaders in the contemporary Russian literature criticism space. In this context we analyzed the personal blog of the Telegram Literature Channel, which is the most active SNS in Russia where readers participate: “Books & Reviews”, “Literature and Life”, “Green Lamp Books”. Through this, we confirmed that the Telegram literature channel we analyzed played an important role in the online literature field in that writers and readers participated, shared their tastes, and communicated together.

Social Status and Reputation of Writers in Modern Russia: Thematic Analysis

This article examines the forms of social evaluation of writers' work in modern Russia. As a methodological basis, the theory of the “literary field” developed by Pierre Bourdieu and his followers is used, on the basis of which a conceptual and empirical reconstruction of the concepts of social status and reputation was carried out. Based on an empirical thematic analysis of public interviews with leading Russian experts in the field of literary process, a set of topics regarding the social status of the writer and his literary reputation in the Russian literary field has been identified. A discrepancy in the opinions of various groups of experts was found, which may indicate the presence of antagonism in the modern literary field. This circumstance, coupled with the dependent state of the literary field on the political one, confirms the hypothesis of the marginalization of these concepts and, accordingly, related social practices in modern Russia.

Pour le sport: Physical Culture in French and Francophone Literature. Edited by Roxanna Curto and Rebecca Wines

Four decades on from Richard Holt’s pioneering Sport and Society in Modern France (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1981), few would dispute the assertion by Roxanna Curto and Rebecca Wines that ‘the study of sports is viewed as serious academic business’ (p. 13). More specifically, their Introduction to the present volume highlights the contention by the influential Allen Guttmann that ‘the French were probably the first moderns to make sport into a major literary theme’ (cited p. 13). The thirteen essays that follow offer ample evidence of this creative preoccupation, maintaining the editors’ distinguishing focus on aesthetically significant writing, while also underlining an admirable inclusivity as regards themes and genres. This approach enables the diverse contributions productively to juxtapose the stylistics of running and writing in the novels of Dominique Braga (Thomas Bauer) and Jean Echenoz (Curto), the aesthetics of mountaineering from the Romantics to the clubs alpins (Pierre-Olaf Schut), and some surprisingly subversive depictions of sport and gender in Le Petit Nicolas (Cynthia Laborde). The volume’s targeting of a broadly conceived ‘physical culture’ further allows the inclusion of premodern athletic practices, exemplified by the noble jeu de paume, from the medieval and early modern periods (John McClelland) to the fiction of Prosper Mérimée (Corry Cropper). This broad historical sweep notably includes the Vichy regime’s suppression of rugby league, through a thoughtful reassessment of the writings of rugby union’s most zealous advocate, Paul Voivenel (Keith Rathbone). Such production belongs to a tradition of consciously literary sports commentary, exemplified elsewhere by Henri Desgrange (Wines), Antoine Blondin, and even Roland Barthes, whose 1955 essay on ‘Le Tour de France comme épopée’ was destined to become a cornerstone of cultural studies in his celebrated Mythologies (Ruadhán Cooke). These interrogations of territorial implantation and literary representation together address the complex articulation of professional sports and modern masculinities. They thereby complement the later studies of association football in — and between — France and Algeria, as part of the volume’s broader engagement with the negotiation of sporting identities, an ongoing process in which the 1998 and 2018 FIFA World Cup competitions constitute watershed moments. So, on the one hand, Zinedine Zidane remains the ‘overdetermined’ signifier of the triumphant multiculturalism of 1998 in both literary texts and arthouse cinema (Luke Healey), his parting coup de boule in 2006 notwithstanding. While, on the other, Kylian Mbappé, as player and persona, encourages a critical examination both of the cultural significance of French victory in 2018 and of the durability of the republican model of citizenship. The centrality of football and boxing in banlieue literature (Marshall L. Smith) in turn provides a stimulating counterpoint to the analyses presented here of soccer culture in postcolonial Algerian texts (Christa Jones) and of combat sports in Senegalese novels from the 1960s to the 1980s (Christopher Hogarth). Whether or not sport has entered the mainstream of French and francophone studies remains a moot point, but this fascinating collaboration argues persuasively for taking physical culture seriously, not only as a social barometer but also as a literary field in its own right.

TURKMEN VERNACULAR MUSIC CULTURE AS A SUBJECT MATTER OF THE ALMANAC “AYDING-GYUNLER”

The paper considers the representation of Turkmen music culture in the Soviet almanac “Ayding-Gyunler” (1934) and aims to recognize the patterns of including vernacular culture into the Soviet literary field. The analysis of the texts’ content and the archival sources, including unpublished ones, sheds a light on the processes of incorporation of the so-called “national” culture into the Soviet context, such as declared decolonization and an attempt to “understand the new Turkmenistan”. The analysis is put into historical and cultural perspective of recognizing the typical Turkmen traits of the music culture in the texts of the almanac. Th e archival sources include unpublished notes on the Turkmen folklore, which is considered as one of the sources of the writers’ work. Th e texts of the almanac represent the view of the Europeans –members of the writers’ brigade who provided materials for the almanac. The poem by Turkmen author Durdy Klych is strongly connected with vernacular culture, but being put into the context of the almanac, it gains a new use for the aims of the Soviet literature. The view of the Turkmen culture in the almanac remains oriental, which dissonates with the proclaimed “deexotization” of the Soviet policy. However, further investigation into the next almanac “Turkmenistan” should be made. It is probable that the integration continued and the view of the writers changed according to the contemporary Soviet policy.

The Economy of Murder: Capital, Crime, and Crisis in Peter Murphy’s and Rachael Moriarty’s Traders (2015)

The abundance of contemporary Irish fiction dealing with crime seems hard to refute. While most works have been produced in the literary field, cinema has also explored Ireland’s contemporary situation through the lens of crime fiction. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between crime, crisis, and capital in a contemporary Irish thriller: Peter Murphy and Rachael Moriarty’s Traders (2015). The film creates a bleak and acidic depiction of Ireland’s financial world and how in times of crisis, crime and capital are negotiated and articulated. A brief introduction of what the Celtic Tiger era and its subsequent crisis meant for Ireland will be followed by an exploration of its relation to the crime thriller. By studying crime and its intersections with class structures, economic conditions, and the shaping of its space in the film, I will attempt to undertake an economic and aesthetic reading. Moreover, I will consider how the film delineates a portrait of Ireland’s post-Celtic Tiger society and all its consequences.

The construction of the Turkish woman author’s image through translation: the image of Suat Derviş in In The Shadow of the Yalı

ABSTRACT This study seeks to explore the paratextual packaging of Suat Derviş’s In the Shadow of the Yalı through a sociological lens, probing the connections between the consecrating power of translation and its role in dispelling cultural stereotypes. Arguing that asymmetrical power relations and translation flows have a significant impact on the representation of cultures in and/or through translation, the study first focuses on the stereotypical image(s) of the Turkish women writers in the Anglophone book market. Secondly, the study notes that the representation of Derviş for the Anglophone reader’s reception is beyond the confines of those images, revealing the role played by the translator Maureen Freely in challenging the prevailing practices of Western image construction and dissemination. Thirdly, against the backdrop of the distinction between translation as consecration and consecration by translational agents, the study scrutinizes the paratextual framing strategies that serve to transfer the consecrating agents’ symbolic capital to Derviş. The study concludes that while translation into a dominant literary field might be the initial step toward consecrating a writer from a less dominant culture, translation becomes an instrument that propagates existing power hierarchies when translational agents perpetuate the stereotypical representations that influence the positioning, promotion, and reception of translations.

Ladino in Latin America

ABSTRACT Struggle against oblivion may be the common denominator linking the Sephardic culture, as Prof. Jacobo Sefami rightly observes. Involved in this struggle in the literary field are the Mexican author Myriam Moscona, and the Chilean author, Hernán Rodríguez Fisse. Many of their pages offer texts in Ladino, one of the former links in the Sephardic world that is now making a resurrection in Latin America, through their writings.

:Literary Rebels: A History of Creative Writers in Anglo-American Universities

:<i>Literary Rebels: A History of Creative Writers in Anglo-American Universities</i>

Bound Together: The Secularization of Turkey’s Literary Fields and the Western Promise of Freedom

The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization