Field Of Landscape Architecture Research Articles

TEKLĖ ŠEŠELGIENĖ (1925–1982): ASPECTS OF CREATIVE WORK IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE / TEKLĖS ŠEŠELGIENĖS (1925–1982) KŪRYBOS KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO ARCHITEKTŪROJE ASPEKTAI

The article analizes architect Teklė Šešelgienė‘s (1925–82) creative work, which has specifically manifested itself in the field of landscape architecture and coincided with the second half of the 20th century urban and township planning trends that affected the need and strengthening positions of the landscape designer’s profession. The article also focuses on the creative links between two personalities – Kazys Šešelgis and Teklė Šešelgienė – a teacher and his student, husband and wife and, most importantly, two colleagues. Through personal actions, qualities of character, collaboration and education, the article aims to disclose the peculiarities of the landscape designer‘s profession, the epoch context, importance of knowledge and professional skills in developing landscape architecture objects. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama architektės Teklės Šešelgienės (1925–1982) kūryba, kuri išskirtinai reiškėsi kraštovaizdžio architektūros srityje ir sutapo su XX amžiaus 2-osios pusės miestų ir gyvenviečių planavimo tendencijomis, turėjusius įtakos kraštovaizdžio architekto profesijos poreikio ir pozicijų stiprėjimui. Straipsnyje taip pat aktualizuojamos dviejų asmenybių – Kazio Šešelgio ir Teklės Šešelgienės, dėstytojo ir studentės, vyro ir žmonos, o svarbiausia dviejų kolegų – kūrybines sąsajos. Straipsniu siekiama per asmenybės veiklą, charakterio savybes, bendradarbiavimą, išsilavinimą atskleisti profesinės veiklos ypatybes, epochos kontekstą, žinių ir profesinių įgūdžių svarbą kuriant kraštovaizdžio architektūros objektus.

William Andrews Nesfield and the origins of the landscape architect

ABSTRACT This article challenges the assumption that Frederick Law Olmsted was the first to call himself a landscape architect in the 1860s. Systematic study of archival records establishes that William Andrews Nesfield (1794–1881), an overlooked but pivotal practitioner in Victorian England, used the title as early as 1849. Dismissed by many historians as a revivalist of parterres and Italianate terraces, Nesfield encouraged the burgeoning field of landscape architecture by elevating the vocational landscape designer to professional landscape architect, expanding his audience from aristocratic clientele to the general public, and shifting his focus from rural estates to urban and suburban sites. That Olmsted stands in a landscape by Nesfield, as identified by Antonetti, when musing on his future profession, further demonstrates that Nesfield is an essential addition to the landscape studies canon. That Nesfield had broad disciplinary training and practiced a more rigorously comprehensive style of design than traditional garden design sheds new light on the origins of landscape architecture and its more expansive role in landscape studies.

Between knowledge of landscape production and representation

Between knowledge of landscape production and representation

The Making of a Quality Neighbourhood Park: A Path Model Approach

The fundamental focus of this study is to gain an increasing understanding on how people interpret their leisure and recreational outdoor activities in neighbourhood parks. This paper explores and expended the attributes or construct from past literature findings in the area of use pattern, needs and preferences study towards neighbourhood parks by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique. The model should help to evaluate quality aspects in neighbourhood parks. This paper offers knowledge contribution to the body of literature for future research in the field of Landscape Architecture as well as Park and Recreation Management.

Designing a Database for Landscape Architecture Terminology

Abstract: Nowadays, precise specialised communication is impossible without appropriate terminology. The present paper explores some key aspects related to the compilation and management of a terminological database (or termbase) in the field of landscape architecture (LA) and aims at highlighting the imperative need for such a tool to support the effective exchange of knowledge and information in a professional setting. The first two sections outline the present-day status of landscape architecture as an interdisciplinary field par excellence, as well as of landscape architecture terminology. The third section describes the most essential aspects regarding termbase design and data management in the elaboration of a database for landscape architecture terminology in English and Romanian, while the last one focuses on the advantages of such a termbase to LA professionals as well as to other types of users.

조경 기본법 제정을 위한 기초 연구

This study analyzed the necessity of the tentatively-named Framework Act on Landscape Architecture as an umbrella law in the field of landscape architecture regarding legal, industrial, and academic aspects and is intended to provide basic data to suggest the optimal legal system and legislative proceedings to control it. This study can be summarized as follows: First, a form of framework act on landscape architecture is appropriate for a compromise between ideal type and political framework. Some content is suitable for proclamatory character including present and future issue related to the landscape architecture fields. Second, legislative proceedings are more reasonable as motions coming from assembly proposals rather than government. Motions by assembly proposal recommend the following procedure: submission of a legislative bill by an assemblyperson, passing of a permanent commission, review by government, leading approval by emphasis on correspondence with the principle to carry out government affairs, proclamation. Third, a frame based on content and form can be made up of a total of 7 chapters 34 articles. The function must include the following: the suggestion of direction for government policy, the systematization of the institution and what it includes, the control of government administration, a public service system regarding public relations for landscape architecture and so on. The results of this study will form a social consensus about the necessity of a framework act regarding landscape architecture fields and contribute to informing the importance of landscape architecture as related to other industrial fields.

Architecture and Landscapes of Segregation: An Historical Look at the Built Environment of Educational Facilities in the United States

Within the field of landscape architecture and architecture, historians and critics often have sought to view the “college campus as art.” This concept portrays the individual buildings as a collection of artifacts, giving little attention to the cultural and historical meanings of space, both surrounding the buildings and between the buildings. Studies of this nature tend to focus on styles, motifs, and artistic significance of individual edifices. Likewise, historic architectural studies examine the importance that buildings have in relation to their adornments, their design motifs, and their artists or architects who created them. This analysis challenges these values and associations through an evaluation of historically black college and university campuses (HBCU’s) and “segregated public schools” of the Southern United States. Through a review of literature on court cases about school segregation and an examination of built environments, this article suggests that architectural and landscape studies are important in conveying notions of inferiority and tradition that were used in segregation cases across the United States. The case studies in this analysis jointly express how architecture and landscape represent and shape race relations in the United States and address shortcomings in the literature of architecture and landscapes that fail to show a connection between the antebellum and postbellum lives of African Americans in the United States. A comprehensive understanding of segregation requires an investigation of spatial and built environments to analyze the feelings and experiences of people throughout time, rather than a simple focus on historic events.

Corporate ecologies

Corporate landscape is vaguely defined in the field of landscape architecture. Both the historical and the contemporary design emphasis on the stylized facade of corporate campuses and headquarters suits the interests of corporate clients but ignores the massive landscape effects of corporate production. This essay seeks to redefine corporate landscapes through typologies borrowed from landscape ecology. Corporate ecologies are defined as geographically dispersed systems that occupy and transform landscapes in specific, modular ways at an unprecedented range of scales. The essay begins with a discussion of ecology-related nomenclature and comparisons of ecological spatial models used in design, including landscape ecology, urban ecology and ecological footprinting. The term corporate ecologies is synthesized from these models and is introduced to redefine the concept of corporate landscape. Having staked out the theoretical terrain and the critical agenda, a variety of corporate landscape designs are reviewed.

Between Science and Aesthetics: Aspects of "Air-minded" Landscape Architecture

Abstract Powered aviation and the aerial photographs it makes possible have revolutionized the vision and study of landscape in several professions, among them landscape architecture. Selected developments immediately preceding and following World War II show how landscape architects have profited from the scientific knowledge and the aerial view made possible by powered aviation. Aerial vision furthered the artistic and scientific development in the field of landscape architecture and planning through the 20th and into the 21st century. Although landscape architects in the 1930s were fascinated with the new opportunities aerial vision could provide, they were slower than other professionals before World War II to realize the benefit that aerial photographs had for them. Isolated attempts to beautify airports were based on the idea that these new transportation nodes should be visible and attractive from both land and air. Although landscape architectural aesthetics have been influenced by the aerial view, more important is the impact of aerial photography on the larger-scale design and planning endeavors that landscape architects embarked on after the war.

Roberto Coelho Cardozo: vida, obra, perpetuação e resquícios de uma produção paisagística

The consolidation of the Modern movement took place, in Brazil, after the end of the Second World War (1939-1945) and of the “New State” (Estado Novo), that had originated a spirit of freedom in the artistic patterns, parallel to a process of reorganization and modernization of the economy, that have stimulated the construction. During the 50´s, an increase of the demand of construction was verified in Sao Paulo due to the increase of the urbanization process and due to the increase of the middle and upper class, establishing proper conditions for new constructions and authors, as much in the Architecture as in the Landscape Architecture. It is in this context that appears the figure of the landscape architect Roberto Coelho Cardozo, considered a precursor and figure of prominence in the field of Landscape Architecture in Sao Paulo and influencing following generations of landscape architects in this city. Cardozo is contemporary with Roberto Burle Marx, landscape architect of prominence in the panorama of Brazilian Modern Landscape Architecture, and their work have influenced Brazilian Landscape Architecture in the following decades.Many landscape architects have worked with the Modern´s principles, and the study of these projects and its authors will help to configure the Brazilian Landscape Architecture. Some of these projects appear at the research “A obra do paisagista Roberto Coelho Cardozo compreendida entre 1950 e 1970”, in development sponsored by Fapesp support inside of the Laboratorio da Paisagem – Projeto Quapa – FAUUSP.

Em pavor da paisagem

The text approaches the field of landscape architecture from the perspective of the evolution of urban open spaces role and the consolidation of a professional practice, supported by a singular method that spreads among the practitioners of this area. The academic and professional practice of Miranda Magnoli is placed in the brazilian historical cenario, emphasizing her contribution in dealing with urban fragmentation as a research object, specially in terms of landscape and environment. Miranda's avant-gard is revealed in her perception of landscape as a spatial entity linked to the context of economic production and recognizes her challenge towards the consolidation of a knowledge field within a democratic and plural perspective.

Landscape planning: its contributions to the evolution of the profession of landscape architecture

Landscape planning, a subdiscipline of the field of landscape architecture, has helped define the profession over the past twenty five years. Landscape planning endorses the tenets of the Natural Environmental Policy Act [NEPA, 1969. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Public Law No. 91-190 91st Congress, second session (NEPA) pp. 1–5] and thereby promotes landscape architects and landscape planners as major players in changing landscapes. Changing landscapes is focused on developing valid designs that promote ecological integrity. Aesthetic form resulting from these changes is also a concern but must respect ecological function and structure first. Landscape planning will take on an even greater role in the future by; redefining the profession; by contributing to the knowledge base of good design decisions, and creating new advances in planning and design theory.

Linked landscapes: Creating greenway corridors through conservation subdivision design strategies in the northeastern and central United States

Very broadly conceived, greenways can encompass extensive areas comprising natural and cultural landscapes such as prime farmland and upland habitat, in addition to linear elements such as stream valleys or environmentally sensitive lands which are unfit for development due to wetness, floodability, or steepness. Local land-use regulations can be written and implemented to pre-identify potential open space within each new residential subdivision in such a manner that every development contributes a segment to the community-wide conservation network envisioned in its comprehensive planning documents. These reservations can easily comprise 40–70% of the buildable land within each new neighborhood, a major distinction setting this approach apart from previous “clustering” techniques—which were rarely utilized in any coordinated way to preserve interconnected open space networks. This approach augments the contributions of the planning profession with critical insights from the field of landscape architecture by institutionalizing basic principles of site assessment, planning, and design in new model zoning and subdivision ordinance language. Those recommended regulatory provisions can then be adopted by local governments in developing areas at the edges of expanding metropolitan regions, a process that can be enhanced and accelerated through education programs for local officials. The advantages of this approach lie in its economy, administrative ease, fairness to landowners, and political acceptance, which combine to make it potentially one of the most promising physical planning techniques to emerge in recent decades.

Visual Preferences for Simulated Restorations of Disturbed Coastal Landscapes

This study intends to find out what manmade elements in typical moderately disturbed coastal landscape are most adversely affecting its aesthetic quality. Simulation photos including a combination of five most common manmade structures (houses, roads, power lines, embankments, and aquaculture facilities) found on coastal areas were made, and thirty eight subjects in the field of landscape architecture and forty eight average subjects were asked to evaluate their visual preferences of the 32 simulation photos using seven levels of Likert scale. Overall, average and professional subjects did not show significant differences in their evaluations. Visual preferences were greatly influenced by the presence of the manmade structures. A natural coastal landscape without any manmade structures was most preferable, and a disturbed coastal landscape by all five manmade structures was least preferable. Power lines had the most serious negative impact on the landscape, and followed by the embankment. In coastal landscape restoration works and management, priority needs to be given to these manmade structures which have bigger negative landscape impacts.

Ecological design and planning

RETROSPECT. Landscape Ecological Planning (F. Ndubisi). The Expanded Field of Landscape Architecture (E. Meyer). Ecology and Landscape as Agents of Creativity (J. Corner). Landscape Design and Nature (L. Olin). PROSPECT. Landscape Architecture and the Changing City (M. Laurie). Ecology and the Urban Aesthetic (M. Johnson). Bioregional Planning and Ecosystem Protection (C. Reiniger). Signature-Based Landscape Design (J. Woodward). RESPECT. Beyond Stewardship Toward Partnership (S. Schauman). Fostering Living Landscapes (C. Franklin). Images of an Ideal Landscape and the Consequences for Design and Planning (M. Vroom). Ecology and Design (I. McHarg). Index.

The Dutch classical garden and André Mollet

Although the importance of classicism for the development of architecture in the Dutch republic during the early part of the 17th century is well known, its significance in the closely related field of landscape architecture has been overlooked. An exaggerated and unwarranted emphasis on the French contribution to the Dutch garden has obscured appreciation of an indigenous development based on the interpretation and adaptation of Vitruvian literature and closely allied with the scientific and engineering advances made in Holland during the period. Indeed that misplaced emphasis has also prevented appreciation of a Dutch contribution to the French garden, notably in the person of Andre Mollet. He was, I believe, greatly inspired by one of the earliest Dutch canal gardens laid out according to the classical principles of symmetry and proportion.

Desirable Way to Study a Lawn in Future about the Field of Landscape Architecture

Desirable Way to Study a Lawn in Future about the Field of Landscape Architecture

The Search for Environment. The Garden City: Before and After

This is a new edition of a classic work by one of the eminent scholars in the field of landscape architecture. In contrast to urban planners who see the ever increasing size of our buildings and cities as uncontrollable, Walter L. Creese suggests instead that much can be done with smaller structures in human sized communities.