Field Of Industrial Production Research Articles

Effect of Biochar on Apple Yield and Quality in Aged Apple Orchards on the Loess Plateau (China)

Apples are not only a foodstuff, but also a raw material for many industrial production fields, and the market demand is constantly increasing. The Loess Plateau is one of the world’s largest apple-producing areas, with about 85% are aged orchards (more than 20 years old), facing problems such as poor soil water retention, degradation of tree strength, and declining yield and quality, etc., so do aged orchards in other regions of the world, and study on improving quality and increasing yield of aged orchards is of great significance to the sustainable development of the apple industry. Here, 6 treatments (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 kg/plant) were designed in the experiment to study the effects of biochar on yield and quality in aged apple orchards. The study showed that: biochar could improve soil water retention, but caused the soil alkalization; biochar could improve apple quality and increase yield, T3 and T4 were of better quality, and T3 had the highest yield. Comprehensive analysis, T3 is the optimal scheme. The results not only provide a reference for aged orchards worldwide, but also have great significance for the sustainable development of the apple industry.

Modern trends in the application of thermoelectric method in non-destructive testing (review)

The article provides an overview of the main directions of using the thermoelectric testing method in various spheres of the national economy. The thermoelectric method is most widely used in industry. There are publications on the application of the thermoelectric method for quality monitoring of turning and friction stir welding. It is shown that the thermoelectric method makes it possible to increase the reliability of testing and, based on testing data, ensure optimal modes of the technological process of metalworking and welding. A number of articles are devoted to the application of the thermoelectric method to plastic deformation testing, the dependence of thermal EMF on the degree of plastic deformation is revealed. Recently, publications have appeared on the application of the thermoelectric method to testing the thermal resistance of the design “housing of a power semiconductor device-thermal interface-cooling radiator”. This design is very widespread in electronic equipment. In addition, there are articles on the use of the thermoelectric method to testing the transient resistance of contacts in the power supply network. It is shown that with an increase in contact resistance, the value of thermal EMF increases proportionally, which can be used to prevent emergencies in the power supply network. The thermoelectric method has also been successfully applied to diagnose the degree of titanium flooding. The dependence of the thermal EMF value on the degree of hydrogenation has been revealed. The use of the thermoelectric method is not limited to the field of industrial production. The thermoelectric method is successfully used in medicine for the undetectable detection of nucleic acid sequences, for the temperature diagnosis of human teeth, as well as for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the human body.

Skyline force estimation and limitation during cable yarding: A novel technical solution for within the carriage

Forest operations are one of the most dangerous jobs in all fields of industrial production. Studies have shown that cable logging accidents are frequently caused by inadequate safety factors. Due to the limited reliability of theoretical models of cableway installations and the inefficacy of load limiters of existing machines, technical solutions for continuous skyline tensile force monitoring should be developed. This work proposes a novel concept and model to determine the skyline tensile force in real time, based on a non-invasive measurement and evaluation system built into the carriage. This information can be harnessed to improve the logging operational safety automatically and dynamically. The concept was tested with the help of a miniature cableway setup. The mean absolute error between the predicted and measured skyline tension for a total of 55 measurements was 14 %, and the maximum error was 29 %. This confirms the validity of the proposed approach.

Characteristics Analysis and Comparison of a Cylindrical Linear Induction Motor with Composite Secondary Structure

The cylinder linear induction motor (CLIM) is a variation of the rotary induction motor. Its structure is simple, it has a low manufacturing cost, and it can generate linear thrust without the need for a conversion mechanism. It is particularly suitable for electromagnetic catapults, magnetic levitation transport, and industrial production fields, due to its strong environmental adaptability. Designing a high-thrust and high-efficiency CLIM is a great challenge due to its inherent drawbacks, such as the low thrust density and power density of induction motors. In this article, two CLIMs with different topologies are proposed to meet the demand for control-rod drives in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. The article elucidates the topologies of the two CLIMs and proposes an analytical computational approach for the CLIM. Modern optimization algorithms were utilized to optimize the design of the structural parameters of both CLIMs. A 3D-FEA simulation was used to compare and analyze the air-gap magnetism and thrust characteristics of two CLIMs. The results indicate that the copper-ring secondary CLIM has a higher thrust density and is more suitable for use in control-rod drive mechanism (CRDM) systems.

Formation of intellectual property commercialization strategies

The object of research is the process that forms strategies and methods for effective commercialization of intellectual products at industrial enterprises. The problems of introducing intellectual property objects into the economic circulation in the field of industrial production have been analyzed. The most important of them are economic and managerial problems, which consist in the lack of necessary funding and are determined by the difficulty of assessing the market competitiveness of an intellectual product. Special attention was paid to market, technical-technological, and legal problems, the presence of which inhibits the development of the technological market and significantly affects the efficiency of intellectual and innovative activities. The presence of these problems predetermined the main goal of the study – to devise methods and strategies for the commercialization of intellectual property objects. Three basic strategies for the commercialization of intellectual products have been studied: the strategy of promoting an intellectual product, the strategy of diffusion of innovations, and the strategy of accumulating maximum income. Based on them, an integrated strategy for the commercialization of intelligent products for enterprises of the machine-building industry, which is oriented towards achieving the goals of maximizing the economic and social effect of the production of an intelligent product, was formed and substantiated. The main component of an integrated strategy is an organizational mechanism that provides investment support for innovative activities and scientific and consulting support for an intellectual product. The research results could be used to form programs of intellectual and innovative activity of industrial enterprises and would serve as a basis for further scientific research on these issues

Construction and Application of an Interactive Teaching Platform for Aesthetic Education in Ecological Environments

Kruskal algorithm, as a minimum spanning tree optimization analysis algorithm, has been well used in the field of industrial production to find the optimal parameters. In this study, an interactive teaching platform based on Kruskal algorithm is built based on the ecological aesthetic education theory. Secondly, based on multiple internet of things systems, through the analysis of the problems existing in traditional classroom teaching, combined with the characteristics of ecological aesthetic education, the interactive platform can automatically generate more efficient teaching courses and related methods. Finally, this study verifies the reliability and stability of the above platform through experiments and practices. The experimental results show that the application of the theory and method of ecological aesthetic education in the interactive teaching platform based on Kruskal algorithm achieves the combination of traditional classroom teaching and ecological aesthetic education and gives full play to the main role of students in the classroom.

An Accuracy-Aware Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing Algorithm for WSNs.

In the fields of industrial production or safety monitoring, wireless sensor networks are often content with unreliable and time-varying channels that are susceptible to interference. Consequently, ensuring both transmission reliability and data accuracy has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Although multipath routing-based schemes can provide transmission reliability for wireless sensor networks, achieving high data accuracy simultaneously remains challenging. To address this issue, an Energy-efficient Multipath Routing algorithm balancing data Accuracy and transmission Reliability (EMRAR) is proposed to balance the reliability and accuracy of data transmission. The multipath routing problem is formulated into a multi-objective programming problem aimed at optimizing both reliability and power consumption while adhering to data accuracy constraints. To obtain the solution of the multi-objective programming, an adaptive artificial immune algorithm is employed, in which the antibody initialization method, antibody incentive calculation method, and immune operation are improved, especially for the multipath routing scheme. Simulation results show that the EMRAR algorithm effectively balances data accuracy and transmission reliability while also saving energy when compared to existing algorithms.

Использование термохимических технологий для отработки оставленных запасов угля

Introduction. Currently, despite the intensive development of high-performance mining equipment, significant coal reserves remain in the subsurface, which are impractical to extract using existing technologies and methods of mining them. At the same time, underground and especially open-pit mining operations are significantly inferior to the technologies of thermochemical mining of reserves in their place of occurrence due to the combined influence of negative factors (dust and gas emissions, seismic effects, etc.) at all stages of extraction, transportation and processing. The purpose of the research. Assessment of the possibilities of using thermochemical technologies to involve coal reserves left in the subsurface for mining geological and mining engineering factors in the field of industrial production. Methodology. To substantiate the choice of promising areas for the development of technical solutions for the integrated use and energy-efficient development of unprofitable coal reserves using traditional technologies, an analysis of factors that reduce their effectiveness and negatively affect the environmental situation in coal-mining regions was carried out. Within the framework of this analysis, the possibilities of mining reserves using alternative technologies are considered. For these purposes, an assessment of the effectiveness of thermochemical technologies (underground gasification of coal seams (UCG) and underground combustion (UCC)), tested in a wide range of mining and geological conditions and acceptable for processing thermal coal, was carried out. Results and discussions. An analysis of research in the field of UCG technologies has shown that, depending on the quality and composition of the blast, the heat of combustion of gasification products can vary widely, providing the required parameters. At the same time, the quality of coals significantly affects the efficiency of the technology, so during the gasification of hard and brown coals, the heat of combustion of gas differs by an average of 20%. Along with the significant positive factors of the UCG technology, it should be noted the high requirements for the tightness of the underground gas generator and the entire aerodynamic network and the loss of coal in the safety pillars and in the area of the gas generator. The elimination of these shortcomings is ensured by the consistent application of the UCC technology - the proposed combined technology of phased mining of prepared reserves, effective at depths up to 300 m. One of the most promising areas of implementation of such technology is distributed (small) energy. Conclusion. Traditional technologies of open-pit and underground mining of coal deposits require human participation in the implementation of basic technological processes. The development of the field’s reserves is accompanied by a number of concomitant negative environmental factors, one of the most significant is gas and dust emission during drilling and blasting operations. An alternative way of mining coal deposits is the use of thermochemical methods for mining coal reserves at the place of its occurrence, but their implementation in conditions of large-scale energy consumption is limited by the presence of large enterprises of a similar profile in the immediate vicinity. There is a steady positive trend in the development of small (distributed) energy in Russia. The proposed combined technology, which reduces environmental harm, can be used for mining deposits with limited reserves and in difficult mining and geological conditions and used for these purposes. Resume. 1. The article presents the results of research on the possibilities of using thermochemical technologies to increase the efficiency of extracting coal reserves. 2. It has been established that coal mining in modern conditions is accompanied by significant losses of reserves in the subsurface due to the requirements for the manufacturability of reserves when using high-performance equipment. The advantages of shaft-free thermochemical methods of mining coal seams are determined and the relevance of developing technical solutions for their practical implementation is substantiated. It is shown that the use of these technologies leads not only to an increase in the efficiency and completeness of coal reserves extraction, but also to a reduction in the environmental burden on the environment by eliminating blasting operations, as well as technological procedures related to the transportation and preparation of coal for use. A basic technological scheme for mining coal reserves based on the joint use of underground gasification and underground combustion technologies is presented. 3. The results of the research may be useful for assessing the possibilities of creating distributed energy facilities involving, among other things, coal reserves left behind as a result of mining with traditional technologies, especially in remote decentralized areas.

Based on Fluent, the numerical simulation of the flow field on the filter disk surface of the rotary filter device

The rotary screen filter is the most typical basic structural element in rotating mechanical devices. It is being widely applied in various fields of industrial production. Using a spinning disc as the research subject, this study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques to establish a physical model of the filter disc. Various parameters and their corresponding boundary conditions are set, followed by a comprehensive and detailed three-dimensional numerical simulation of the high-speed rotating disc using the Fluent software platform. The objective is to investigate the effects of disc rotation speed and liquid inlet velocity on the surface flow field, as well as the influence of rotational speed on the attachment of particle impurities to the surface. Finally, the computational results will be visualized and thoroughly analyzed.

Experimental and numerical study on the explosion characteristics of syngas under different venting conditions

To explore ways to mitigate the harm and damage caused by syngas explosions and provide a theoretical basis for the safe and widespread use of syngas, the explosion characteristics of syngas under different venting conditions were experimentally and numerically investigated in our work. Five venting configurations were established based on the location and size of the lateral vent. The combined effects of venting conditions and hydrogen concentrations on explosion characteristics were concerned. Results showed the lateral vent significantly impacted the flame front structure, flame propagation velocity, and overpressure. Moreover, the formation and development of tulip flame could be affected by the lateral vent and hydrogen concentration. The presence of a lateral vent reduced both the flame propagation velocity and overpressure. With increasing hydrogen concentration, the drop ratio of the maximum flame propagation velocity did not increase, whereas the drop ratio of the maximum overpressure increased for the same venting condition. Finally, the internal mechanism of syngas venting explosion under different venting conditions was revealed by numerical simulation. In short, the research results provided the theoretical basis for the safe utilization of syngas in the industrial production field.

Defect segmentation with local embedding in industrial 3D point clouds based on transformer

Three-dimensional (3D) defect detection provides an effective method for improving industrial production efficiency. However, the 3D dataset is scarce, which is valuable for the industrial production field. This study proposes a new approach for detecting defect point clouds, which can provide an end-to-end 3D defect detection model. A self-attention mechanism is used to enrich the semantic relationships between local neighborhood features and global features based on the connection between them. Through adding multi-channel features, the rich structural features of the target point cloud are obtained, and the defect areas are accurately segmented to finally complete the 3D point cloud defect detection task. Furthermore, the multi-feature fusion in the model makes the segmented defect regions closer to the ground truth. Our method outperforms four state-of-the-art point cloud segmentation methods in terms of both segmentation region accuracy and defect detection point cloud accuracy. In the field of 3D defect detection, it provides an effective method to detect 3D information of industrial products.

Commercial organizations with foreign investments: problems of foreign economic activity in the field of precious metals mining

The article research the problematic issues of foreign economic activity and, in general, the financial and economic activities of commercial organizations with foreign investments operating in the field of precious metals mining. The author considers the dual nature of foreign direct investment as a factor that simultaneously contributes to the development of the national economy and creates risks and threats in the field of protecting and ensuring the security of the national economy from external interference. In the article, the author draws attention to the specific factors of foreign investment in the field of industrial production and mining, including the prevalence of the re-export nature of foreign investment and its causes, as well as the period of turnover of investments, which are also influenced by exchange rate differences. The article focuses on the consideration of specific sanctions that have been imposed on the sector of mining and production of precious metals, reveals their essence and specifics, and assesses their direct negative impact on mining and manufacturing enterprises in general, as well as their negative impact on commercial organizations with foreign investments, in particular. Sanctions are considered in the context of private and public sanctions measures, as well as from the position of countering them from the economic entities themselves. The article also examines the issues and provides a description of the practical aspects of direct anti-sanction and indirect public financial regulation, adversely affecting the financial and economic results of domestic enterprises operating in the field of production and extraction of precious metals

Simulation Design of Level Cascade Control System for Double-capacity Water Tanks

As a typical representative of process control, double-capacity water tank level control is a common automation control system used to control the level of two tanks to achieve level stabilisation and control, which is widely used in various fields of industrial production. Liquid level control is the key to the performance of the whole control system due to the existence of hysteresis and other problems in the control. Serial control of the sub-loop has a rapid control role, it can effectively overcome the impact of the disturbance into the sub-loop, improve the dynamic characteristics of the object, so in order to achieve better control performance, this design uses serial control to achieve the level of double-capacity water tank fixed value control. Double-capacity water tank level series control system to the tank level as the controlled quantity, first of all, the characteristics of the tank, the establishment of its mathematical modelling, and then the use of MATLAB on the simulation of the tank as well as PID parameter adjustment, and finally through the response curve to analyze the control performance of the system. The simulation results show that the double-capacity water tank level series control performance is good, the system can achieve the level of static-free regulation, and anti-interference ability is strong, with good dynamic and steady state performance.

Design and Realisation of Level Cascade Control System for Double-capacity Water Tanks

As a typical representative of process control, double-capacity water tank level control is a common automation control system used to control the level of two water tanks to achieve level stability and control, which is widely used in various fields of industrial production. In actual production, the accuracy and control effect of liquid level control directly affects the production cost of the factory, economic benefits and even the safety factor of the equipment. Therefore, in order to ensure safety and convenient operation, it is necessary to research and develop advanced level control methods and strategies. The sub-loop of serial stage control has a fast control effect, which can effectively overcome the influence of the perturbation into the sub-loop and improve the dynamic characteristics of the object, therefore, this paper adopts the serial stage control algorithm to achieve the constant value control of the liquid level of the double-capacity water tank and compare it with the conventional PID control algorithm, and the realisation results show that the serial stage control has a good ability to inhibit the secondary perturbation, and it can effectively improve the system's rapidity and accuracy.

Energy-Saving Control Method for Factory Mushroom Room Air Conditioning Based on MPC

The energy consumption of the mushroom room air conditioning system accounts for 40% of the total energy consumption of the mushroom factory. Efficient and energy-efficient mushroom factories and mushroom houses are the development direction of the industry. Compared with maintenance structure transformation and air conditioning equipment upgrading, energy-saving technology based on regulation methods has the advantages of less investment and fast effectiveness, which has attracted attention. The current methods for regulating air conditioning in edible mushroom factories include simple on/off thermostat control or PID. In the field of energy efficiency in commercial building air conditioning, a large number of studies have shown that compared with traditional control algorithms such as classic on/off or PID control, model predictive control can significantly improve energy efficiency. However, there is little literature mentioning the application of MPC in factory mushroom production rooms. This paper proposes a data-driven MPC and PID combined energy-saving control method for mushroom room air conditioning. This method uses the CNN-GRU-Attention combination neural network as the prediction model, combined with prediction error compensation and dynamic update mechanism of the prediction model dataset, to achieve an accurate prediction of indoor temperature in mushroom houses. Establish an objective function for air conditioning control duration and temperature, use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to solve for the optimal control sequence of the air conditioning in the control time domain, and use the entropy weight method to determine the optimal decision quantity. Integrate rolling optimization, feedback mechanism, and PID to achieve precise and energy-saving control of the mushroom room environment. The experimental results show that compared with the on/off thermostat and PID controller, the designed controller reduces power consumption by 12% and 5%, respectively, and has good application and demonstration value in the field of industrial production of edible mushrooms.

Welding reinforcement between silica glass and stainless steel using nanosecond fiber laser with chromium interlayer

Modern manufacturing industries need high strength and stable joint between glass and steel. Laser welding is an efficient technique to meet the requirement, but strength still needs to be improved. In this work, a welding reinforcement method of Cr addition was proposed to improve shear strength. The two materials were added with Cr metal film and Cr3+ solution in the interface, and welded by an nanosecond fiber laser. A maximum shear strength of 41.4 MPa was obtained, 40 % higher than that without Cr addition. The surface morphology and elemental distribution of the welds were observed. With Cr addition, the elemental diffusion in the interface was extended. Fe-O-Si and Cr-Si bonds were greatly increased in the welds. And microcracks were significantly reduced. In addition, the Cr layer also reduced the adverse effects caused by the different thermal expansion, making it more reliable in various industrial production fields.

Ellipse Detection with Applications of Convolutional Neural Network in Industrial Images

Ellipse detection has a very wide range of applications in the field of industrial production, especially in the geometric detection of metallurgical hinge pins. However, the factors in industrial images, such as small object size and incomplete ellipse in the image boundary, bring challenges to ellipse detection, which cannot be solved by existing methods. This paper proposes a method for ellipse detection in industrial images, which utilizes the extended proposal operation to prevent the loss of ellipse rotation angle features during ellipse regression. Moreover, the Gaussian angle distance conforming to the ellipse axioms is adopted and combined with smooth L1 loss as the ellipse regression loss function to enhance the prediction accuracy of the ellipse rotation angle. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on the hinge pins dataset, with experiment results showing an AP* of 80.93% and indicating superior detection performance compared to other methods. It is thus suitable for engineering applications and can provide visual guidance for the precise measurement of ellipse-like mechanical parts.

Laser Ultrasonic Automatic Detection Method for Surface Microcracks on Metallic Cylinders

Metallic cylinders are widely used in various fields of industrial production, and the automatic detection of surface microcracks is of great significance to the subsequent grinding process. In this paper, laser-excited surface acoustic waves (SAW) are used to detect surface microcracks. Due to the dispersion of SAWs on the cylinder surface, the SAWs exhibit different polarities at different positions. In order to improve the consistency of signals and the accuracy of the modeling, the angle at which the polarity is completely reversed is selected as the detection point. A laser ultrasonic automatic detection system is established to obtain signals, and the B-scan image is drawn to determine the location of the microcrack. By comparing the time–frequency diagrams of the reflected SAWs and transmitted SAWs, the transmitted wave is chosen to establish the microcrack depth prediction model. In addition, according to the trajectory of the grinding wheel, a prediction model based on the absolute depth of the microcracks is established, and the influence of the orientation of the microcracks on the signal energy is considered. The method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the rapid grinding of microcracks on the surface of metallic cylinders; it has the characteristics of visualization and high efficiency, and overcomes the shortcomings of the currently used eddy current testing that provides information on the depth of microcracks with difficulty.

MIMEM: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Method Solving the Resource Constrained Scheduling Problem

The Multi-Skill Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem(MS-RCPSP) is an NP-Hard problem that involves scheduling activities whileaccounting for resource and technical constraints. This paper aims to present anovel hybrid algorithm called MIMEM, which combines the Memetic algorithm with the Inverse method to tackle the MS-RCPSP problem. The proposedalgorithm utilizes the inverse method to identify local extremes and then relocates the population to explore new solution spaces for further evolution. TheMIMEM algorithm is evaluated on the iMOPSE benchmark dataset, and the results demonstrate that it outperforms. The solution of the MS-RCPSP problemusing the MIMEM algorithm is a schedule that can be used for intelligent production planning in various industrial production fields instead of manual planning.

LCA Case Study of Ceramic Tableware: Ecodesign Aspects of Ceramics Production from Ancient Technology to Present Factory

Ceramic tableware, as one of the products of daily use, can be produced in multiple ways. However, they all consume primary raw materials for manufacturing and energy for firing and generate emissions and waste. To assess how different types of production cause an environmental impact, five scenarios were compared using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In the first step, the energy and material flows from the following scenarios were analysed: factory (FAC), slip casting (PSC), pottery wheel (PW), high energy rate formation technique (HERF) and experimental reconstruction of the ancient technique (ANC). The results related to 1 kg of ceramics were interpreted using the perspective of ecodesign to discuss key parameters that affect environmental impacts. Considering the results in the Climate Change category, the FAC production of 1 kg of ceramics reached 3.64 kg CO2 eq. but the highest impact in this category was caused by low energy efficiency in the specific case of the PSC scenario (8.93 kg CO2 eq.). On the one hand, this paper contributes to the discussion of environmentally friendly tableware, but also serves as a case study that describes the implementation of ecodesign in the ceramic tableware industry as an important field of industrial production in the specific context of the Czech Republic, as a state, which has significant deposits of kaolin.