Field Of Industrial Production Research Articles

Development and testing of a muti-sensor measurement system for roundness and axis straightness errors of deep-hole parts

Precision deep-hole parts are widely used in various fields of industrial production. Their machining quality has a significant impact on fatigue limit, geometric accuracy, and stability of products. Since roundness and axis straightness errors are essential technical indexes to evaluate the machining quality of deep-hole parts, their accurate measurement is essential to ensure the performance of related products. In this study, a multi-sensor integrated system that can measure two kinds of shape errors simultaneously was developed based on laser displacement sensor, circular grating, two-dimensional position-sensitive detector (PSD) and laser interferometer. It is suitable for deep-hole parts with a diameter of 150–165 mm and a length of 600–20000 mm. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis models of roundness and axis straightness errors for this system were constructed. Eventually, the effectiveness of the measurement system was successfully verified through experiments.

An innovative approach to teaching the subject “Technology” in a secondary school

The article describes the approach proposed by the author to teaching the subject “Technology” in a secondary school. A feature of the proposed approach is its focus on the formation of innovative behavior of students in the context of continuous technological education, aimed at the continuous creation of new or changing existing technical and social systems, reducing resource costs, and achieving a high commercial effect. The role and place of the subject “Technology” in the psychological preparation of students for entrepreneurial activity, the formation of “habits of success”, the opportunity to try on the “role model” of an entrepreneur in the field of industrial production, innovation and agriculture at school age are shown. The possibilities of an innovative approach to teaching the subject “Technology” for productive socialization and social adaptation of graduates of secondary schools are shown.

Development of a framework for the holistic generation of ML-based business models in manufacturing

Analyzing data with the help of Machine Learning (ML) promises to raise significant potentials in all relevant target dimensions and different application fields of industrial production. Through the increasing availability of data in the context of digitalization as well as continuously more powerful and cost-effective possibilities for data processing, the amount of economically viable scenarios for implementing ML-based business models (BMs) in production rises. Despite the emerging data-related possibilities, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle with identifying reasonable use cases for ML in their own company. This can be ascribed to a lack of knowledge about the necessary elements for ML applications’ sustainable implementation and operation.Therefore, this paper aims to develop a framework for the holistic generation of ML-based BMs in manufacturing. At first, characteristics as well as general and specific requirements for ML-based BMs in manufacturing are elaborated. Subsequently, a morphology for the systematic development of ML-based BMs is generated using the insights gained. In a concluding step, the application of the developed concept is validated based on a selected use case.

Justice and solidarity in the perceptions of working-class youth in service industries

The modern approaches to the concepts of solidarity and justice that are basic for society have been examined in the article. In the Russian intellectual tradition, solidarity practices were considered within a moral and axiological dimension. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the specifics in the perceptions of new working-class youth involved in service sector of the economy of social justice and solidarity, interconnection of class self-awareness and corporate solidarity practices. The article contains an analysis of the original empirical material obtained by the implementation of qualitative sociological research tools. The object of the study was the working-class youth employed in the service sector of the economy, both in the field of customer service and in the infrastructure field of industrial production. Novelty of the article lies within generalization of this youth’s perceptions of justice, types and forms of solidarity. The research yielded such conclusion that the most significant and recognized issues of justice and solidarity for the working-class youth are in the field of industrial relations. As it was revealed during the research, the youth of the service sector is objectively vulnerable to the highest precarity of industrial relations. However, its actual dangers have not yet gained enough recognition of public consciousness and are not studied by Russian sociologists. Issues of the first employment of the youth, discrepancy between professional qualifications and labor markets, intergenerational crisis in industrial relations remain the most acute problems of justice. The respondents view solidarity as relations in a particular workforce, usually in a passive manner; the awareness of class solidarity is virtually nonexistent. The working-class youth demonstrates indifference towards political forms of solidarity and to political life.

ТРУДОВЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ РАБОЧЕЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ КЛИЕНТСКОГО СЕРВИСА

The object of the research is the shift of the theoretical accents of the main focus of the analysis from the consideration of an integral system of labor relations in the field of industrial production to the analysis of "deformed" labor relations in the field of customer service, which has occurred in the last decade. The thesis on the prospects of turning to a new interdisciplinary approach, synthesizing the provisions of neo-Marxist (conflict) and cultural approaches in the analysis of labor relations in organizations in the field of customer service is considered. This article aims to consider the specifics of the content of labor relations in the field of customer service, based on empirical studies carried out with the participation of the author within the framework of the project “Life strategies of young people – the new working class in modern Russia” in 2018-2021. The author uses general scientific and special research methods, including sociological analysis of quantitative (mass questionnaire-based survey) and qualitative (focus group and biographical interview) data. The data obtained in customer service organizations allow us to draw conclusions about the informal nature of labor relations, the absence of trade unions, collective bargaining and solidarity among service sector workers, practices of irregular working hours due to the presence or absence of customers and strict control of emotions and labor operations of working personnel by the employer. With the beginning of the pandemic period in 2020, the risks associated with their dismissal, unpaid leave, shorter working hours, etc., have significantly increased for young workers employed in customer service organizations. The results of the study may be useful to public authorities for the development of a socio-economic program to support employment and the effective use of labor resources in the field of customer service.

MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCES AS A BASIS OF PROSPECTIVE ENGINEERS TRAINING IN HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological basics of formation of mathematical competences as a key condition of training prospective engineers in higher technical educational institutions. The study considers the problem of prospective engineers’ mathematical training implementation based on the competence approach aiming at future activity in industrial production field on the level of world standards. On the basis of the analysis of modern concepts essence, purpose, and management of prospective engineers’ training in higher technical educational establishments from the perspective of the competence approach realization are reconsidered. Mathematical education is considered as a basis for the training of technical specialists. Despite the fact that the issue of professional development of higher technical educational institutions students was given considerable attention in the research of the scientific community, the problem of forming their mathematical competences remained insufficiently covered and was not the subject of a dedicated special research. The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of prospective engineers’ mathematical competences formation as a basis for their professional training. Theoretical research methods were used during research, namely: study and analysis of psychological-pedagogical, legal and special literature on the researched issue; analysis of state educational standards, programs, textbooks and teaching materials. The specifics of teaching mathematical disciplines in higher technical educational institutions are determined. The basic techniques and principles of realization of the competence approach in education are reviwed. The stages of prospective engineers’ professional competence formation are characterized. The article focuses on personal values of a prospective engineering specialist in the process of professional competence formation. Procedural, technological, logical, research and methodological components of mathematical competence of technical specialists are described. The article proves on the effectiveness of prospective engineers’ mathematical competences formation in order to train highly qualified specialists of technical field in higher technical educational institutions.

Competitive advantages of robotic enterprises in performing foreign economic activity

Relevance of the research topic. Based on the appropriate challenges of scientific and technological progress, there is a need to draw attention not only to the competitive advantages of automated and robotic enterprises over purely automated, but also to the inevitability of rapid replacement of human and robot personnel as specialists capable of solving complex specialized problems and complex practical problems characterized by uncertainty of socio-economic conditions in the field of industrial production at the international level. Formulation of the problem. There is a clear lack of understanding of the inevitability of the gradual replacement of human professions by artificial-intellectual-robotic and catastrophic unpreparedness for these changes in the field of management in general. Analysis of recent research and publications. More than 100 years ago, many scientists devoted their research to robotics. Among the latter are the scientific works of N. Morse, L. Varchenko-Trotsenko, O. Garkavenko, A. Vashkevich, T. Katkova, Y. Zhukov, etc., but there is no research on the management of robot personnel in the field of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. All components of the management of organizations and the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises are completely unexplored in the set of unresolved issues of management of robot-personnel with artificial intelligence, which in the very near future will almost completely replace human-personnel. Problem statement, research goals. Substantiation of the role of the updated management of organizations and management of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the management of robot personnel, as an inevitable subject of economic relations. Methodology of the study. Complex of scientific abstraction, theoretical comparative analysis and synthesis of own innovative ideas. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The competitive advantages of automated-robotic enterprises over purely automated ones in carrying out foreign economic activity are shown. Attention is drawn to the inevitability of replacing several dozen professions with human labor and human intelligence with robotic work with artificial intelligence. In the context of this study, we are talking about the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises to ensure their sustainable competitiveness in the global labor market in the field of management of foreign economic organizations at national and international levels through the generation of new knowledge and innovative ideas. Field of application of results. Training of applicants in the specialty 073 "Management" with medium and long-term strategic vision. Conclusions in accordance with the article. Understanding the inevitable rapid replacement of human resources by robot personnel is the key to ensuring the stability and competitiveness of all industries and services in world markets. It is proposed to draw not only the attention of the scientific community to robotics based on artificial intelligence, but also to invest in further research to develop new strategies for training management (educational process from kindergarten to graduation) and accompanying educational and methodological support - especially in the field of foreign economic activity.

PLANNING AND SCHEDULE OF MAINTENANCE WORKS FOR INJECTION MACHINES

Keeping the equipment and machinery in working order is a very important activity in the field of industrial production, being specific to the maintenance department within an enterprise. Ensuring an optimal in operation of the manufacturing systems is closely related to the prevention of defects, an action that must be found in a planning and scheduling of preventive-planned maintenance works. In the paper, in addition to the introductory part on the main objectives and implementation of the maintenance system and maintenance-specific operations, a case study is conducted for the planning and organization of maintenance in a company equipped with plastic injection machines. The main stages developed consisted in elaborating the maintenance plan, establishing the optimal moment for replacing the machine tools, choosing the optimal type of machine tool and establishing the elements of random wear of the machine tools. It is concluded that the optimal type of injection molding machine that will be chosen to replace the T10 injection molding machine is T14, because it has a minimum average cost of acquisition, maintenance and repair, respectively 42.286 UV.

Analysis on Optimal Design Scheme of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Given Heat Transfer Temperature Difference

In industrial production and processing, the use of heat exchange equipment can realize the heat transfer between materials and achieve the goal of energy saving. At present, heat exchange equipment is used in many industrial production fields. In recent years, in China’s social production and life, the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection has been continuously strengthened, which has also promoted the development and application of relevant energy-saving technologies. Relevant heat exchange equipment can effectively recycle high-temperature and low-temperature heat energy, with remarkable economic benefits. Shell and tube heat exchanger is the most widely used of all kinds of heat exchangers at present. This kind of heat exchanger has simple structure, good stability, wide practicability, low cost, convenient cleaning of heat exchange surface, and can meet the working environment of high strength and temperature. However, in the design of shell and tube heat exchanger, given the heat transfer temperature difference, some problems are easy to appear in the design of heat exchanger. Therefore, it is necessary to try to solve the problems through the idea of optimal design and improve the utilization efficiency of heat exchanger.

Research on Nonlinear Systems Modeling Methods Based on Neural Networks

Nonlinear systems widely exist in all fields of industrial production and are difficult to model because of complex non-linearity. Neural network is widely used in process prediction, fault detection and fault diagnosis of modern industry because of the nonlinear fitting ability. Due to various structures, there exists diversity in the performance of neural networks. However, only the appropriate network can improve the efficiency and safety in modelling nonlinear industrial process, which requires full consideration of the structure of neural network. In this study, several typical structures of neural networks are compared and analysed, and the performance differences caused by these structures are presented in detail. Finally, performance differences of neural networks with inconsistent structures are verified on several experiments. The results showed that neural networks with inconsistent structures were good at dealing with different types of nonlinear systems. Our work will provide a theoretical basis in accurately modeling the industrial production process, which is beneficial to nonlinear system control.

Analysis and Optimization of Cooling Water System Operating Cost under Changes in Ambient Temperature and Working Medium Flow

The circulating cooling water system is widely used in various industrial production fields, and its operating cost largely depends on external factors, such as ambient temperature and working medium flow. Considering the relative elevation of the heat exchanger, this study establishes a total system operation cost analysis and optimization model based on the superstructure method. The model uses ambient dry bulb temperature, ambient wet bulb temperature, and working medium flow as random variables. Water supply temperature is adopted as the decision variable, and the minimum operating cost of the system is used as the objective function. An analysis of the effect of the three random variables on the operation cost shows that the effect of ambient dry bulb temperature on the operation cost is negligible, and the effect of ambient wet bulb temperature and working medium flow on the operation cost is significant. In addition, a control equation of water supply temperature is established to determine the “near optimal” operation, which is based on the correlation among ambient wet bulb temperature, working medium flow, and optimal water supply temperature. Then, the method is applied to a case system. The operating cost of the system is reduced by 22–31% at different times during the sampling day.

Fluorescent whitening agents in Baiyangdian Lake in North China: Analysis, occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment

Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are very important chemical additives that are widely applied in the industrial production field. The history of global FWA production and use spans more than 60 years, but the environmental fate of FWAs has been less reported in the public literature and most studies predate 2000; in addition, the studied FWAs were still limited to FWA71 and FWA351. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 9 commonly used FWAs in a lake in North China were reported for the first time. We found that 6 target FWAs were prevalent in the lake, and the concentration levels were usually at the ng L−1 level. Decreasing FWA levels with increasing distance from the estuary area were observed in summer. FWA135, FWA185, and FWA367, the most detected 3 FWAs, with the ecological risk at high levels, and ΣRQ >10 were obtained from all the investigated samples, suggesting that all the sampling sites could be considered with certain ecological risk for aquatic life. As a category of heavily and widely used dyes, FWAs in environmental media have been ignored for a long time. Substantial additional research needs to be conducted to determine the environmental behavior and ecological toxicology of FWAs.

A Novel Multi-objective Lion Swarm Intelligent Optimization Based on Cloud Model for Manufacturing Scheduling Problem

With the continuous upgrading of industrial manufacturing, various artificial intelligence technologies have gradually been applied to the field of industrial production, including swarm intelligence optimization algorithms. Aiming at the flow shop scheduling problem (FSP) and job shop scheduling problem (JSP) in industrial production, which are NP-hard problems, we use a multi-objective optimization method to solve them. We proposed a novel multi-objective optimization named multi-objective lion swarm optimization based on cloud model mutation (CMOLSO). This new optimization algorithm, which is based on the Lion Swarm Optimization (LSO), introduces the concept of cloud model and cloud generator algorithm. The introduction of the cloud model mechanism can expand the search range of CMOLSO in high-dimensional multi-objective problems, make it avoid falling into local extremes, and improve its optimization accuracy. Compared with the traditional multi-objective optimization, the new algorithm CMOLSO achieves better performance, and it can effectively solve the scheduling problems in practice.

Dimensionality reduction and classification for hyperspectral image based on robust supervised ISOMAP

ABSTRACT This study contributes to classification and recognition of hyperspectral image in industrial sorting, mineral identification, geological exploration, environmental survey, and other industrial production fields. The finding eliminates the redundancy of hyperspectral data and improves the classification accuracy of hyperspectral image. Hyperspectral remote sensing data are inherently nonlinear, and traditional linear dimensionality reduction methods cannot effectively reveal the nonlinear structure contained in the data. Manifold learning is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method which has been developed rapidly in recent years. The intrinsic structure of the data is preserved by Isometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP), but it is sensitive to noise and is not conducive to final classification. Prior studies neglected a higher dimensional manifold real structure in hyperspectral data dimensionality reduction due to lack of consideration credibility information and class information of samples in calculating manifold distance. This study proposes a Robust Supervised ISOMAP method. Data sample credibility mode is constructed, and a data similarity measure named triple geodesic distance is defined by introducing samples’ credibility information, class information, and neighborhood information. Triple geodesic distance fitting is proven. Multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) and generalized regression neural network are used to construct the embedded coordinates of training samples and test samples. The results show that the proposed method has higher anti-noise performance than the traditional one. Also, the runtime is feasible, and can effectively improve the classification precision of the hyperspectral images, in comparison to traditional ISOMAP methods. The conclusion is that Robust Supervised ISOMAP is an effective nonlinear dimensionality reduction method for hyperspectral remote sensing image.

REGARDING THE SUBJECT OF THE CONTRACT FOR THE SUPPLY OF MATERIAL RESOURCES TO MILITARY UNITS (LEGAL ENTITIES UNDER PUBLIC LAW)

In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, military units, first of all, are the bearers of power and act in public relations as subjects of realization of the goal set by the state in the form of repulse of possible aggression from outside, and therefore the main tasks, internal structure, subordination, reporting and control in this area is governed by constitutional and administrative law. However, in some cases, the military unit for the implementation of its tasks may act as an independent entity in civil law, and therefore, certain relations are governed not only by constitutional, administrative, economic, but also civil law. This paper will deal with contractual obligations. The supply contract is extremely important in providing Ukraine, its subjects and state entities with the necessary goods, performance of works, provision of services. In essence, the institute of contract law is a legal means of implementing state policy in the field of industrial production, construction, national defense, social assistance, science, culture, the implementation of basic social and production tasks. Currently, there is a trend aimed at increasing the budget funds used through public procurement. In this regard, an urgent problem is the effective legal regulation of public relations related to the supply of goods for public use. The regulatory framework governing these legal relations must be transparent, understandable to all participants in trade and procurement operations, operational on changes in socio-economic conditions in the country, have an anti-corruption orientation. The quality of goods purchased for the state also remains a long-standing problem. One of the topical issues for the science of civil law is the question of the subject of the contract, with which the Central Committee of Ukraine connects the conclusion of the contract, its validity and some other significant circumstances. According to case law, disputes arising from the contract are usually complicated by non-compliance by the parties with the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine on the subject of the contract. The article analyzes the subject of the contract for the supply of material resources to military units. Military units are considered by the author as legal entities of a subject of public law.

Research on the Application of Automatic Production Line Based on Computer Control Technology

Information technology and computer technology in every field of society are playing a huge role, in the field of automatic production, computer technology with its strong operation and calculation ability and data processing ability, further promote the centralized control of automatic assembly line. In the future, it is an inevitable trend for computer system to replace human control. The application of computer technology can not only greatly improve the control efficiency, but also save manpower and material resources to a greater extent, and promote the progress of production level as a whole. Computer control technology is a computer-based technology. It is of great significance to analyze the application of computer control technology in automatic production line. Just as technology has changed our lives, it has also changed the way we produce and work. Nowadays, with the development of computer technology, network technology, information technology and other high and new technologies, all fields of the society have undergone earth-shaking changes, including the field of industrial production. Now the industrial production has realized the automatic assembly line production, and in order to better control the automatic assembly line production, in order to ensure its production efficiency, safety and stability, it must be applied to the computer control technology. At the same time, the application of computer control technology also helps to save human and material resources, thus saving the overall production cost and improving the economic efficiency of enterprises.

NEW NANO-TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE EXTRACTION AND USE OF HYDROCARBONS, BASED ON THE USE OF UNIVERSAL MODULES OF INDUSTRIAL DISINTEGRATORS/ACTIVATORS

UMoID/A, developed by the authors of this work, have unique technical characteristics (extremely high magnetic induction density, close to one hundred percent efficiency, low material consumption. reliability), which allows them to provide grinding of various materials up to nano-sizes for various fields of industrial production, chemistry and medicine. These unique characteristics of UMoID/A allowed to effectively use these disintegrators into proprietary technologies to produce cheap alkaline nano-cement /concrete, cheap and ecologically-safe wood concrete, diesel/fuel oil, local ash, clean processing of toxic heavy fuel oil, increasing the final yield of light fractions of oil, further the standard process of cracking as mixers for high-quality suspensions in the oil, coal and construction industries and all this for the first time in the world to obtain fundamentally new and previously unknown materials and products, existing superior in quality and economy.

Надзор фабричной инспекции за промышленными заведениями Российской империи XIX — начала XX веков

The value of supervision over industrial institutions at the stage of active formation of industrial production in Russia in the 19th — early 20th centuries is shown. The role of the factory inspectorate and other state bodies aimed at controlling the production process, as well as the spheres of interaction of the enterprises with the state is defined in the article. Based on the example of the activities of the factory inspectorate, the criteria are formed to determine the desired balance of rights and obligations in the structure of legal relations, which is required to comply with the interests of the state and business entities. Delineation of the powers of the factory inspectorate helps to identify the areas where state control is needed. At the same time, further study of the implementation of control and supervisory functions of the state in the field of industrial production is substantiated. The need to regulate this kind of relationship is indicated considering the modern realities where the merger of technological and organizational processes is objectively taking place, and the algorithms are built into the structure of legal relations. The issues of legal regulation of the industrial sector of the economy raised in the study indicate the unsolved fundamental problems of the theory of law, namely, the scope and significance of technical and legal regulation in the mechanism of management of the society, its scope in the structure of social regulation. The studied historical material allows to assert that the supervision in industry creates the basis for safety and real labor protection at the industrial objects. Introduction of the institute of factory inspectors became an important factor in building the labor protection system at the factories and plants. With the help of this institute, the norms were implemented aimed at ensuring trouble-free functioning, including at explosive and fire-hazardous industries of the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th centuries.

ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF FUTURE TRANSPORT PROFESSIONALS

Abstract. The aim of the article is to study the economic prerequisites for the development of ecological culture of future transport professionals and analyze foreign experience of ecological education of students to adapt their best practices to Ukrainian realities and productive use of achievements in training future transport professionals. The theoretical significance of the article is to determine the economic prerequisites for the development of ecological culture of future transport professionals; to summarize the results of theoretical and comparative analysis of ecological education in foreign countries, establish opportunities to adapt best European practices in the educational context of Ukrainian realities; to determine the preconditions for the development of ecological culture of students of vocational and pre-higher professional educational institutions; to reveal the challenges facing the field of vocational education and training in foreign countries, which address the greening of education. The practical significance of the article is that based on the study of foreign experience, the authors offer recommendations for the introduction of foreign experience during the process of development of ecological culture of future transport professionals in Ukraine. It was found that the state of ecological consciousness of society directly depends on the economic prerequisites for the development of ecological culture of future professionals in various fields of industrial production, the state’s attitude to the development of ecological culture of every citizen. The level of ecological culture of society is positioned as one of the determining factors of economic development of the state, health of the nation, unity of positions on preservation of the natural environment, prevention of its pollution by harmful wastes of production and human life. The study proved that encological education is designed to provide future professionals with scientific knowledge about the relationship between nature and society, to help understand the multifaceted importance of nature for society in general and each person in particular, to form an understanding that nature is the basis of human existence and sugnificant part of nature, to cultivate a conscious and caring attitude to it, a sense of responsibility for the environment, to develop creative activity for the effective use, restoration and protection of the environment. Keywords: ecological culture, economic culture, vocational education, pre-higher professional education, foreign experience, transport professionals, green economy. JEL Classification I25, Q50 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 13.

Object Detection for Safe Working Environments using YOLOv4 Deep Learning Model

The health and safety of employees in workplaces maintains its importance since the concept of production emerged. Recent developments in computer vision and deep learning have made it widespread to be used in work environments as a secondary tool in ensuring occupational safety from surveillance videos. Thus, an important performance is achieved by minimizing human-induced errors in working environments. In this study, a method based on the YOLOv4 deep learning model is proposed to control the use of personal protective equipment from videos and to detect unsafe movements in the working environments of facilities operating in the field of industrial production. In the study, a dataset is created with videos collected from different working environments. In the study, later, on the prepared video dataset, the detection of personal protective equipment such as helmets, vests, masks, gloves, eyeglasses used by workers in factories operating in industrial areas and whether they use the appropriate equipment correctly is determined using the YOLOv4 framework. In the experimental studies conducted within the scope of the study, the mean average precision (mAP) value is achieved as 91.18% as a result of the training performed in the YOLOv4 network. In addition, results of 0.89, 0.91, 0.90, 70.35 and 1.1147 are obtained for other measurement metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, intersection over union (IoU), and average loss, respectively. As a result, in the proposed study, instant inspection of the videos collected from the cameras installed in the factories, the meaning of the scene and the control of safe working environments are successfully achieved.