Field Of Forestry Research Articles

СПЕЦИФИКА ПЕРЕВОДА ТЕРМИНОВ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА С АНГЛИЙСКОГО НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК

The article deals with the ways of translating terms and free phrases in the field of forestry from English into Russian. The purpose of the study is to identify the most frequent translation models in the selected texts. The novelty of the research is in determining the prevailing translation transformations in texts on forestry. The obtained data show that for the maximum accuracy of the translation, the techniques, which are aimed at capacity and conciseness, are used. Parallel texts from the magazine “Greenpeace” were taken as research material.

Понятійно-категоріальний апарат в сфері лісового господарства

Понятійно-категоріальний апарат в сфері лісового господарства

REGIONAL MEASUREMENT OF DISTRIBUTION OF RENT PAYMENTS IN FORESTRY

The problem of charging and collecting rent payments in a regional dimension is investigated. The features of formation of real and potential rent payments are revealed. The indicators of rent efficiency and financial balance are analyzed. Ways of improvement of rent policy in the field of forestry are formed.

Aligning Education for the Life Sciences Domain to Support Digitalization and Industry 4.0

Emerging technologies like Internet of Things, Data Science, Deep Learning, Augmented Reality, Edge Computing, and Digital Twins are bringing new opportunities, challenges, and solutions for many domains including agriculture, plant sciences, animal sciences, food sciences, and social sciences. These disruptive technologies are at the center of the fourth industrial revolution, but are we ready yet to educate and prepare new generations to help society, science, and humanity adapt them? How can we change the current curriculum to reflect these technological innovations? How can we help the new generation to develop not only left-brain skills but also right-brain skills? The Netherlands is the second largest food exporter in the world after the United States and the agricultural related exports generated €45 Billion in 2018 for the economy. R&D in Dutch companies and innovation in universities in the Netherlands play an important and active role in this context. In this paper, we provide a general framework for supporting education in the context of Industry 4.0. We adopt the case study of Wageningen University at which we were actively involved in designing and customizing academic courses related to Industry 4.0. Wageningen University, which has the highest rank in the field of Agriculture & Forestry according to influential university rankings and has a rank 59 according to Times Higher Education, is traditionally a life science university but has taken also an active strategy for aligning with the developments in IT and Artificial Intelligence. Apart from the content-wise shift, skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving are addressed by applying project-based evaluations. We discuss the lessons learned and address the issues related to Industry 4.0 and education.

Forests in the Czech Public Discourse

Abstract Forests are being increasingly studied within the framework of social sciences, especially in relation to environmental problems and global climate change. This article deals with the perception of Czech forests and their management at two basic levels: at the level of sociological analysis of in-depth interviews with experts in the field of forestry and at the level of public opinion research. The main aim of this study was to describe the attitudes of professionals and the general public towards forests and forestry, especially with regard to climate change. Qualitative analysis of interviews with professionals discerned two main categories of opinion: ecological realism and social constructionism. The results of the study show that the Czech public, in agreement with ecological realists, considers it highly important to preserve and support the non-productive environmental functions of forests. The public also prefers close-to-nature forest management practices. Czech Republic is witnessing a fundamental shift in the mindset about forests. Although the public still expects forests to retain their production function, it perceives their environmental functions as increasingly important.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN URBAN AREAS BY INNOVATIVE PERMACULTURAL DESIGN

<p>First two paramount problems of the world are food security and energy. Permaculture is a new interdisciplinary branch of the science, which has positive synergistic effects and solves both problems, including environmental care. The paper analyzed the holistic principles of permaculture design and possible application in the flats, gardens in the suburbs and/or in the countryside, the urban land, fields and plots, on rural estates and cottages, in commercial and industrial applications, as well as in educational institutions and in the abandoned land. Permaculture as a set of knowledge about designing sustainable human communities, is a connection of the old traditional techniques, enriched with new knowledge and technologies in the field of architecture, construction, agriculture and forestry, chemistry, biology, sociology, urban planning, ecology, economy, energy, water and waste management. Permaculture research answers on how to simultaneously grow food, build energy efficient dwellings and improve the functionality of urban communities while preserving the environment. Model of positive examples from international smart practice are presented.</p>

Compensation of Oxygen Transmittance Effects for Proximal Sensing Retrieval of Canopy-Leaving Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence.

Estimates of Sun–Induced vegetation chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) using remote sensing techniques are commonly determined by exploiting solar and/or telluric absorption features. When SIF is retrieved in the strong oxygen (O2) absorption features, atmospheric effects must always be compensated. Whereas correction of atmospheric effects is a standard airborne or satellite data processing step, there is no consensus regarding whether it is required for SIF proximal–sensing measurements nor what is the best strategy to be followed. Thus, by using simulated data, this work provides a comprehensive analysis about how atmospheric effects impact SIF estimations on proximal sensing, regarding: (1) the sensor height above the vegetated canopy; (2) the SIF retrieval technique used, e.g., Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (FLD) family or Spectral Fitting Methods (SFM); and (3) the instrument’s spectral resolution. We demonstrate that for proximal–sensing scenarios compensating for atmospheric effects by simply introducing the O2 transmittance function into the FLD or SFM formulations improves SIF estimations. However, these simplistic corrections still lead to inaccurate SIF estimations due to the multiplication of spectrally convolved atmospheric transfer functions with absorption features. Consequently, a more rigorous oxygen compensation strategy is proposed and assessed by following a classic airborne atmospheric correction scheme adapted to proximal sensing. This approach allows compensating for the O2 absorption effects and, at the same time, convolving the high spectral resolution data according to the corresponding Instrumental Spectral Response Function (ISRF) through the use of an atmospheric radiative transfer model. Finally, due to the key role of O2 absorption on the evaluated proximal–sensing SIF retrieval strategies, its dependency on surface pressure (p) and air temperature (T) was also assessed. As an example, we combined simulated spectral data with p and T measurements obtained for a one–year period in the Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station in Finland. Of importance hereby is that seasonal dynamics in terms of T and p, if not appropriately considered as part of the retrieval strategy, can result in erroneous SIF seasonal trends that mimic those of known dynamics for temperature–dependent physiological responses of vegetation.

Editorial of the First Edition Journal of Sylva Indonesiana

This editorial is an opening remark of the first edition Journal of Sylva Indonesiana (JSI) containing the growth and development of the journal managed by Faculty of Forestry Universitas Sumatera Utara (“Fahutan USU”). In the first stage, “Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Kultura” published by Faculty of Agriculture USU has been targeted by faculty member of “Fahutan USU” for dissemination of their research results. This journal has been accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education in 2003 consequently its scope become specific, forestry science did not include therein. Hence, at that time, Program Study of Forestry Science under management of Faculty of Agriculture USU initiated the issuing of Peronema Forestry Science Journal in 2005 in order to accommodate scope of forestry science. Unfortunately the service and production of this journal become stagnant because most of the editorial staff pursued higher education in outside Medan city and the funding for publishing and printing vanished. In 2012, with the new spirit, Program of Forestry Science re-issued the new journal called “Foresta” Indonesian Journal of Forestry. It was a pity, the production process of this journal discontinued regarding to no submission of the manuscripts. All of the research results of undergraduate students of Program Study of Forestry Science have been uploaded into Peronema Forestry Science Journal in online version since 2014. In connection with establishment of organization structure of Faculty of Forestry completely, the publishing of JSI has been started in 2018 even though the editorial works of this journal has been begin since 2017, comprise call of paper, blind-review process, correspondence with the authors, layout and editing, including upload in the journal website. Supply of the manuscripts is provided not only from undergraduate research results of Faculty of Forestry’s students but also from the outside. With the commitment of the funding from the Faculty of Forestry USU, hopefully JSI can reach the target as the national accredited journal and it can achieve the status to be a reputation journal in the field of forestry in the future.

Die Entwicklung der Brutvögel in der Waldbrandfläche bei Leuk

Temporal changes of the breeding bird community in the burnt forest of Leuk Wildfires and windstorms are dynamic processes that can heavily impact habitats and alter their species compositions. Especially species of open and semi-open habitats can benefit from such disturbances, among them several bird species. In this study, we investigated the species-specific changes of the breeding bird community in the burnt forest of Leuk between 2006 and 2016, starting three years after the wildfire of 2003. Several species increased or decreased significantly in abundance after the fire event. A few species showed a complex reaction, where territory numbers increased after the fire, reaching a maximum after a few years and subsequently decreased. Interestingly, many of these bird species (e.g., Eurasian Wryneck, Common Redstart) are threatened and are priority species for conservation action. They may have benefitted from the first, open successional stages with a high proportion of bare ground, but are expected to decrease in abundance with the ongoing densification of the vegetation layers. Our study demonstrates that a large-scale forest fire can promote threatened bird species of open and semi-open habitats also in temperate regions. To what extent forestry measures, grazing or controlled fires can imitate the positive effects of wildfires is an open question and should be part of future research in the combined fields of forestry and conservation biology.

International Legal Preconditions for Development of Student Forestries as a Form of Education for Sustainable Development of Forest Resources

The conscious need for sustainable development of forest resources and the reflection of this idea in international law give increased attention to forestry education and training. Student forestry is one of the legal forms of extracurricular education in the environmental and naturalistic direction in Ukraine. Its primary task is a provision of knowledge, skills and competences in the field of forestry and enhancing environmental culture among children and young people. The availability of sound international legal preconditions for strengthening all forms of forestry education, analyzed by the author, should motivate legal scholars to focus their attention on the legal problems of development of school forestry in Ukraine.

3rd China-Romania Science and Technology Seminar (CRSTS 2018)

FOREWORDAfter the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Romania was among the first countries in the world to have developed diplomatic relations with China (October 5th, 1949) and, in the following decades, the political, economic and cultural relations between the two countries have continuously evolved, being based on friendship, confidence and reciprocal support. Thousands of cooperation projects in almost all sectors of industry, agriculture, education, science, culture etc. were implemented for the benefit of China and Romania. Whilst the post-1989 changes in the Romanian society partially affected the intensity of this fruitful cooperation, more and more Romanian decision-makers and representatives of the business sector, the academia, as well as of the scientific and cultural life have recently understood that reviving the cooperation with China should be a priority. And not only because of the tremendous economic and technological development of China nowadays, but also because of the long-lasting friendship and trust between the two countries.In recent years, Transilvania University of Brasov has been at the forefront of the academic and scientific cooperation between Romania and China. The establishment of the Confucius Institute in 2012, in partnership with Shenyang Jianzhu University, represented the impulse for a new stage of intensive cooperation between the two universities and also between the two countries. Hundreds of staff and student mobility exchanges, the participation in scientific events in China and Romania, the establishment of new cooperation partnerships in Beijing, Tianjin, Hunan province etc., the establishment of a Chinese language Bachelor’s study programme, the implementation of an international joint laboratory project and a “111” project, and the active involvement in the “16+1 cooperation” in the field of forestry and education are only a few examples of this excellent cooperation in recent years. Our university is fully committed to the further development of the academic and scientific cooperation between Romania and China, and we are convinced that the approaching of the 70th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China and 100 years of modern Romania, will represent the beginning of a new stage of intensive cooperation between the two countries for the benefit of our peoples.List of committees are available in this pdf.

Використання схеми аутсорсингу в сфері лісового господарства України

Використання схеми аутсорсингу в сфері лісового господарства України

Mapping Forest Characteristics at Fine Resolution across Large Landscapes of the Southeastern United States Using NAIP Imagery and FIA Field Plot Data

Accurate information is important for effective management of natural resources. In the field of forestry, field measurements of forest characteristics such as species composition, basal area, and stand density are used to inform and evaluate management activities. Quantifying these metrics accurately across large landscapes in a meaningful way is extremely important to facilitate informed decision-making. In this study, we present a remote sensing based methodology to estimate species composition, basal area and stand tree density for pine and hardwood tree species at the spatial resolution of a Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) program plot (78 m by 70 m). Our methodology uses textural metrics derived at this spatial scale to relate plot summaries of forest characteristics to remotely sensed National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery across broad extents. Our findings quantify strong relationships between NAIP imagery and FIA field data. On average, models of basal area and trees per acre accounted for 43% of the variation in the FIA data, while models identifying species composition had less than 15.2% error in predicted class probabilities. Moreover, these relationships can be used to spatially characterize the condition of forests at fine spatial resolutions across broad extents.

Trends and gaps in the global scientific literature about Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), a tropical plant of economic importance

Jatropha curcas L., popularly known as the physic nut, is a monoecious, perennial lactiferous species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Recently, interest in this species has been growing, due to its ability to flourish on degraded land and in soils with low natural fertility, the high oil content of its seeds, its rapid growth and easy propagation, and the identification of several secondary metabolites with medicinal importance. This study aims to report the main trends and gaps in the global scientific literature about J. curcas L, using a scientometric analysis. We have carried out this scientometric analysis on the global literature to identify: 1) temporal publication trends; 2) the quality of scientific production, estimated using citation numbers and journal impact factors; 3) the main journals and countries interested in this topic and the language of scientific divulgation; 4) the main research fields; 5) the use of wild or commercial cultivars; and 6) average authorship levels and international collaboration networks. Our findings have revealed a continuous increase in both quantitative and qualitative parameters in studies about J. curcas. The main trends in physic nut studies involve biofuel production and the plant’s agronomic characteristics. The main knowledge gaps relating to J. curcas are in the fields of forestry, sustainability, animal nutrition, and genetic improvement. Another problem identified in this study is a lack of commercial seeds; none of the studies analyzed have used commercial seeds. India, Brazil, and China together are responsible for 55% of the knowledge about this species, obtained through scientific production. Only moderate international collaboration has been observed between countries, perhaps as consequence of conflicts of interest. Despite an increasing number of articles, some countries have stopped producing J. curcas L, and the worldwide crop production has decreased.

A criteria and indicators monitoring framework for food forestry embedded in the principles of ecological restoration.

Food forestry is a burgeoning practice in North America, representing a strong multifunctional approach that combines agriculture, forestry, and ecological restoration. The Galiano Conservancy Association (GCA), a community conservation, restoration, and educational organization on Galiano Island, British Columbia in Canada, recently has created two food forests on their protected forested lands: one with primarily non-native species and the other comprising native species. These projects, aimed at food production, education, and promotion of local food security and sustainability, are also intended to contribute to the overall ecological integrity of the landscape. Monitoring is essential for assessing how effectively a project is meeting its goal and thus informing its adaptive management. Yet, presently, there are no comprehensive monitoring frameworks for food forestry available. To fill this need, this study developed a generic Criteria and Indicators (C&I) monitoring framework for food forestry, embedded in ecological restoration principles, by employing qualitative content analysis of 61 literature resources and semi-structured interviews with 16 experts in the fields of food forestry and ecological restoration. The generic C&I framework comprises 14 criteria, 39 indicators, and 109 measures and is intended to guide a comprehensive and systematic assessment for food forest projects. The GCA adapted the generic C&I framework to develop a customized monitoring framework. The Galiano C&I monitoring framework has comprehensive suite of monitoring parameters, which are collectively address multiple values and goals.

Comparison of Electric and Petrol Chainsaws in Terms of Efficiency and Safety When Used in Young Spruce Stands in Small-Scale Private Forests

Since the electric tools are increasingly entering the field of forestry, the aim of this study was to establish the consequences of using electric powered chainsaws on work and its energy efficiency, as well as health of workers. For this purpose, 40 trees were felled in two young spruce stands, half with a cordless electric chainsaw and one half with a petrol chainsaw. Results showed that electric chainsaws are a good alternative to petrol chainsaws for use in small-scale forestry, since in terms of work efficiency their use is comparable to petrol chainsaws and they provide a lower level of energy consumption, and lower exposure of fellers to noise and hand-arm vibrations. Similar to other fields, the results confirmed a positive impact of hand toll electrification on man and environment. The development of electric tools for forestry is expected to intensify with the development of more powerful batteries which are currently still regarded as the major bottleneck.

Використання схеми аутсорсингу в сфері лісового господарства України

Використання схеми аутсорсингу в сфері лісового господарства України

The comparative analyses of selected aspects of conservation and management of Vietnam’s national parks

The national parks in Vietnam are protected areas in the national system of special-use forests created to protect natural resources and biodiversity. In order to improve the effectiveness of management of national parks, the study assesses some current aspects of conservation and management of natural resources with respect to management plans, financial sources, staff, cooperative activities, causes of limited management capacity and threats to natural resources. Out of the total of 30 national parks, six are under the responsibility of the Vietnam Administration of Forestry (VNFOREST) and 24 national parks are managed by provincial authorities. It was found that most of the national parks have updated their management plans. Financial sources of funding for national parks mainly originated from the central and provincial budgets, with an average of 51% and 76% respectively. Fifty percent of national parks spent 40–60% of their total funding on conservation activities. About 85% of national parks’ staff had academic degrees, typically in the fields of forestry, agriculture and fisheries. Biodiversity conservation was considered a priority cooperative action in national parks with scientific institutes. Major causes of a limited management capacity of national parks included human population growth and pressure associated with resources use, lack of funding, limited human and institutional capacity and land use conflict/land grab. Illegal hunting, trapping, poaching and fishing, the illegal wildlife trade, illegal logging and firewood collecting appeared to be the most serious threats to the conservation and management of natural resources. In addition to these results, significant differences were found between the VNFOREST and provincial parks in terms of financial sources, staff and the threat of illegal logging and firewood collecting. The authors’ findings offer useful information for national park planners and managers, as well as policy makers and researchers in seeking solutions for the sustainable management of natural resources in national parks.

The interdisciplinary decision problem: Popperian optimism and Kuhnian pessimism in forestry

Interdisciplinary research in the fields of forestry and sustainability studies often encounters seemingly incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The perceived incompatibilities might emerge from the epistemological and ontological claims of the theories or models directly employed in the interdisciplinary collaboration, or they might be created by other epistemological and ontological assumptions that these interdisciplinary researchers find no reason to question. In this paper we discuss the benefits and risks of two possible approaches, Popperian optimism and Kuhnian pessimism, to interdisciplinary knowledge integration where epistemological and ontological differences between the sciences involved can be expected.

Expectation for a Full-scale Storm Simulator in the Field of Forest and Forestry

Expectation for a Full-scale Storm Simulator in the Field of Forest and Forestry