Experiment Field Research Articles

Effect of STCR Based Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Productivity and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Inceptisol of Prayagraj, India

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at the Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology& Sciences, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh) at research field of department of Soil Science to find out the “Effect of STCR based application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Inceptisol of Prayagraj”. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design, with three replications. The Soil texture class Sandy loam, experimental area falls in order of Inceptisol. The Soil pH (7.6), EC at 250c (0.63dSm-1), organic carbon (0.42%), available nitrogen (94.50 kgha-1),available phosphorus(31.5 kgha-1)and available potassium (302.4 kgha-1) were found in experiment field during 2021.The growth attribute like plant height was observed significant at 30,60,90 and 120 DAS on pooled basis(2020-2021 and 2021-2022).The best treatment combination was (T9) STB+FYM 15 tha-1(150:15:150 NPK kgha-1)+FYM 15 tha-1 that showed the highest in grain weight in 1st year(46.52 g) and 2nd year(47.01g) respectively. From the economical point of view, the treatment (T9) combination gave the maximum net return of ₹ (44922.0 ha-1) with B:C ratio of (1.84).

The Effectiveness of a Teaching-Learning Program Based on Cognitive Load Strategies in the Achievement of the Fifth Literary Students of the Subject of Islamic Education and the Development of Their Open Thinking

The current study aims at detecting the effectiveness of a teaching-learning program based on cognitive load strategies in the achievement of students in the fifth literary subject of Islamic education and the development of their open thinking. The experimental design with partial control was chosen for two equal groups. The researcher intentionally chose Saad Secondary School for Boys, in Salah Al-Deen Governorate, as a field of experiment. The research sample consisted of (60) students, who were distributed randomly, by (30) students for each group. Equivalence was conducted in the variables (the chronological age of the students, the grades of the last year of the subject of Islamic education, the tribal open-mindedness test). The researcher prepared an achievement test and an open-mindedness test. A statistically significant difference was found between the means of the two research groups in achievement, in favor of the experimental group, as well as the presence of a statistically significant difference between the mean of the two research groups in the pre- and post-test of the open-mindedness test and in favor of the post-test.

The Prediction of Supercooled Large Drops by a Microphysics and a Machine Learning Model for the ICICLE Field Campaign

Abstract The prediction of supercooled large drops (SLD) from the Thompson–Eidhammer (TE) microphysics scheme—run as part of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model—is evaluated with observations from the In-Cloud Icing and Large drop Experiment (ICICLE) field campaign. These observations are also used to train a random forest machine learning (ML) model, which is then used to predict SLD from several variables derived from HRRR model output. Results provide insight on the limitations and benefits of each model. Generally, the ML model results in an increase in the probability of detection (POD) and false alarm rate (FAR) of SLD compared to prediction from TE microphysics. Additionally, the POD of SLD increases with increasing forecast lead time for both models, likely since clouds and precipitation have more time to develop as forecast length increases. Since SLD take time to develop in TE microphysics and may be poorly represented in short-term (<3 h) forecasts, the ML model can provide improved short-term guidance on supercooled large-drop icing conditions. Results also show that TE microphysics predicts a frequency of SLD in cold (<−10°C) or high ice water content (IWC) environments that is too low compared to observations, whereas the ML model better captures the relative frequency of SLD in these environments.

Regenerative Streets: Pathways towards the Post-Automobile City

The subject of the paper is the street, seen as a structuring and emblematic element of urban settlement. The topic is addressed from the lens of regenerative design, whose underlying whole-system, multi-scalar, and dynamic approach can find urban connections to be a fruitful field of experimentation from the perspective of the post-automobile city. The first part of the paper traces the stages of the transport mechanization process and related impacts on urban patterns, emphasizing the voices critical of reducing streets to mere traffic channels that have accompanied it, until the sustainability discourse led to a general rethinking of how mobility should be planned in cities. The second part of the paper reviews alternative urban visions to the still prevailing car-oriented model, which re-actualize the idea of the street as a multifunctional space, providing social and environmental ‘returns’ in addition to its role as a transport infrastructure. The notion of the street as a ‘space of potential’ is then developed through an inductive classification of regenerative actions at different scales, both material and immaterial, as well as permanent and temporary, thus providing a unifying conceptual framework for further research and practical applications in the fields of urban design and sustainable mobility.

Рынок углеродных единиц как экономико-правовой инструмент развития биоэкономических систем в России

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the launch in 2022 of the Sakhalin experiment - a pilot project in the field of the carbon units market in Russia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the market of carbon units as an effective economic mechanism for the development of bioeconomy in the world and in Russia. The material for the work was the legislation in the field of the Sakhalin experiment, statistical data, as well as current publications by Russian and foreign authors on the topic of carbon markets. The authors used statistical analysis, as well as general economic and special methods of scientific research. As a result of the study, the mechanisms for the formation of the market for carbon units were studied, and the market for carbon units itself was analyzed as an economic and legal tool for the development of bioeconomic systems on a national and international scale. The analysis of statistical information showed that the carbon market almost doubled from 2018 to 2020, as well as its extremely uneven distribution among the countries of the world: 88% of the carbon market falls on the EU countries and 10% on the USA, the role of other countries is insignificant. In Russia, the carbon market was launched in an experimental form on Sakhalin only in September 2022, but the first results of the experiment can only be assessed in 2024, when the first quotas start working. In 2025, it is planned to achieve carbon neutrality in the Sakhalin Region.

Shrimp in labs: Biosecurity and hydro-social life

Since the 1980s, modern shrimp aquaculture has been seriously affected by shrimp diseases worldwide. Shrimp aquaculture cooperates with scientists in the lab to develop biosecurity strategies and biotechnology products, such as specific-pathogen-free shrimp, vaccines and probiotics, to tackle the risk of shrimp disease. Securing shrimp health needs to manage the breeding environment, particularly water quality and water ecologies. Shrimp and water travel between the lab and the field for monitoring, experimentation and disease prevention. This article proposes the notion of hydro-social life to analyse how biosecurity strategies and biotechnology products are developed in the lab and deployed in the field by visiting private, governmental and university laboratories in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, Hô` Chí Minh City, and Taiwan. I argue that scientists innovate biotechnology products to improve biosecurity strategies by reconfiguring hydro-social lives, like managing shrimp health and water quality. The development and deployment of biosecurity from the lab to the field are influenced by capitalist forms of life and social relations.

Rethinking the Pedagogical Fiction of the Architectural Design Studio

In line with the changing definitions and boundaries of architecture and the changing roles and professional description of the architect, the need to question and explore the contexts, contents, methods, techniques and tools of architectural design education is always on the agenda. The pedagogical fiction of the architectural studio is treated as a noteworthy issue that is effective in educating architects and shaping architecture. It is a matter of discussion about what the training in the studio should cover and how the content should be processed. This study, developed with an experimental approach to design, questions the architectural design studio's fiction of content and method to rethink its pedagogical coverage and processing. To materialize the discussion on the studio pedagogy, "house" as a design content and "designing in becoming" as a design method are proposed. "House" is re-conceptualized as a basic spatial structure for designing space in terms of its openness to derivation and reproduction. "Designing in becoming" is conceptualized as an experimental design method that creates instability and constructs a field of experimentation at the level of both subject and object. Accordingly, "Becomings of House" is proposed as an experimental design studio fiction through which the conceptualized content and method can be applied together. Based on the conceptualizations made in the study, the pedagogical opportunities and limitations of the proposed fiction are examined. A discussion on the pedagogy of architectural design studios towards experimental design approach is set up.

The 4CH project and enabling technologies for safeguarding the Cultural Heritage

The use of digital technologies is an open and very rapidly evolving field of investigation and experimentation. This paper addresses their role in Cultural Heritage (CH) safeguarding activities, drawing on the research results of the H2020 project “4CH-Competence Centre for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage” (CC) [GA 101004468]. 4CH moves from the human-centric vision of digital transformation, advocated by the EU, and envisages an interdisciplinary approach, combining theoretical and practical knowledge, all in support of a reflection on the role of enabling technologies, the new skills associated with them, the CH preservation and enhancement related approaches, and their integration into the established technical culture.

Artificial intelligence in the new forms of environmental governance in the Chilean State: Towards an eco-algorithmic governance

One of the most popular fields of experimentation with technological solutions based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and algorithmic systems is environmental studies, particularly as it relates to climate change. The promise of mitigating the impact of human activity on the environment through the introduction of sensor technologies has given way to a series of narratives around their role and capabilities. Focusing on the case of Environmental Intelligence, an initiative developed by the Chilean government's Superintendency for the Environment that incorporates AI into the monitoring process, we offer arguments regarding the articulation of an eco-algorithmic governmentality in which the environment is desingularized and reduced to a series of metrics associated with regulatory compliance. The operations that serve to prototype and give shape to the initiative created a series of tensions around the possibility of arriving at other forms of involvement in and understanding of the environment. This article shows how this eco-algorithmic governmentality conceptualizes the environment as an entity that can be optimized and rationalized, generating epistemic frictions with other logics of relationality and situated and terrestrial sensibility.

Immunotherapies in non-metastatic gastrointestinal cancers.

Over the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as cornerstone in the treatment of many metastatic tumour types, including gastrointestinal cancers. In many solid tumours, the effective therapies in the metastatic field are progressively brought into the curative setting. Consequently, earlier tumoural settings have become a field of experiment for immunotherapies. In melanoma, lung, and bladder cancers, excellent results were recorded, possibly explained by differences in the tumour microenvironment between metastatic and non-metastatic settings. In gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, nivolumab is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to become a standard-of-care adjuvant treatment after curative surgery for oesophagal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. We herein discuss the results of a selection of the most relevant studies presented/published over the last 18 months testing immunotherapies in non-metastatic GI cancers. Among immunotherapies, ICI have been investigated in pre-, peri- and postoperative setting across tumour types, alone or in combination with chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Vaccines are also a new field of investigation. Promising results from two studies (NCT04165772 and NICHE-2 study) demonstrating never-seen-before responses to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in MMR deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancers raise hope for improving the patients' outcome and developing organ-sparing strategies in this situation.

The Politics of Speculative Collectivities in the Work of Friedrich Schelling

ABSTRACT In Friedrich Schelling’s philosophy of nature, the attempt to think the unconditioned absolute of nature performs unconditioning, thereby transforming the present into a field of experimentation. Schelling’s nature-philosophy produces a series of interventions into cultural fields of consistency, drawing on material operations to reconceptualize forms of collective organization. In Schelling’s First Outline, beings have a specific signature: to be is to resist. In the Deities of Samothrace, philosophy performs a “magic singing” that gathers initiates together by continually exorcising—and preserving—the unruly obstinacy of pre-socialized drives. This conception of philosophy coheres with a gesture from his earlier lectures on the philosophy of art in which music forms the basis of inorganic communities, implicitly cultivating collective forms called upon to navigate the dangers of overly cohesive (harmonic) and overly transgressive (rhythmic) forms of life, while directing an unconditioning power to the conditions of the present.

Overview of recent observations and simulations from the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) field campaign

The American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) is a large-scale field campaign focused on gathering new detailed observations of wind farm–atmosphere interactions for improved understanding of wind farm physics and overall performance. The field campaign, centered around five wind farms in northern Oklahoma, began in September 2022 and will run through at least October 2023. This paper summarizes some of the initial observations and simulations performed as part of the AWAKEN project.

The Influence of Cloud Types on Cloud‐Radiative Forcing During DYNAMO/AMIE

AbstractCloud‐radiative feedback is known to be an important process for the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its accurate representation in general circulation models. The MJO is known to have a stronger cloud‐radiative feedback compared to higher frequency convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEW), for reasons that remain unclear. The objective of this study is to use data from the Dynamics of the MJO/Atmospheric Radiation Measurement MJO Investigation Experiment field campaign to investigate how cloud type evolution and their associated cloud‐radiative forcing (CRF) differ between the MJO and CCEWs and their application to MJO dynamics under moisture mode theory. This study finds that the amplitude of CRF is the largest within the MJO compared to the higher frequency CCEWs, and CRF maximizes after the maximum precipitation (enhanced phase) of the MJO. We suggest this delay in the timing of maximum CRF occurs because most cloud types (congestus, deep, anvil, and cirrus) simultaneously maximize in frequency after the enhanced phase of the MJO, which is not seen for the higher frequency CCEWs. These specific cloud types help maintain the MJO through their radiatively‐driven moistening which acts to prolong the enhanced phase of the MJO. The decomposition of radiatively‐driven moistening by cloud types shows that simultaneous moistening by deep, anvil, and congestus clouds are particularly responsible for the maintenance of the MJO under moisture mode theory. This analysis suggests the importance of capturing the correct evolution of different cloud types and their associated radiative effects to better understand the thermodynamics of the MJO.

Hierarchical data structures for flowchart

Flowcharts have broad applications in the fields of software development, engineering design, and scientific experimentation. Current flowchart data structure is mainly based on the adjacency list, cross-linked list, and adjacency matrix of the graph structure. Such design originated from the fact that any two nodes could have a connection relationship. But flowcharts have clear regularities, and their nodes have a certain inflow or outflow relationship. When graph structures such as an adjacency table or an adjacency matrix are used to store a flowchart, there is a large room for optimization in terms of traversal time and storage complexities, as well as usage convenience. In this paper we propose two hierarchical data structures for flowchart design. In the proposed structures, a flowchart is composed of levels, layers, and numbered nodes. The nodes between layers are connected according to a certain set of systematic design rules. Compared with the traditional graph data structures, the proposed schemes significantly reduce the storage space, improve the traversal efficiency, and resolve the problem of nesting between sub-charts. Experimental data based on flowchart examples used in this paper show that, compared with adjacency list, the hierarchical table data structure reduces the traversal time by 50% while their storage spaces are similar; compared with adjacency matrix, the hierarchical matrix data structure reduces the traversal time by nearly 70% and saves the storage space by about 50%. The proposed structures could have broad applications in flowchart-based software development, such as low-code engineering for smart industrial manufacturing.

Visual arts and institutions in post-revolutionary Portugal: artistic interventions and the creation of a new museum of modern art

ABSTRACT This article explores the field of visual arts and artistic experimentation as important elements of civic agency in the Portuguese revolutionary process. It argues that Portuguese visual artists, who had been exploring new media and forms of expression since the late 1960s, anticipated and championed the Portuguese revolution as a democratic project. In doing so, they also proposed new forms of civic action, which intersected artistic practice with political engagement. I will specifically address the mobilization of the artistic and cultural community in Oporto for the creation of a “living” museum of modern art in this city. This project caused a rupture with the institutional apparatus of the dictatorship and effectively promoted a debate about cultural democratization and decentralization. This article conceives visual arts and action as a force for a more plural and progressive regime. It explores collective interventions in the public and institutional space; the configuration of democratic participation in the transformation of former dictatorial structures; and the envisioning of continuing change in order to consolidate democracy. The article thus advances a critical redefinition of the relationship between artistic practice and political mobilization and contributes to the dynamic dialogue between creativity and democratization in Portugal.

Impact of Planting Date and Physiological Activator (Appetizer) Application on Quality and Quantity of Wheat Grains (Triticum aestivum.L)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2022-2021 in the field experiments field of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University in the south of Babylon province, located at latitude 32.40 north and longitude 44.39 east. In order to study the effect of planting date and stages of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)), the experiment was conducted by arranging the split plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The planting dates included the main plot T1, a suitable first date on 15/11 and T2 a second late date on 15/12, while the subplot included spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer) according to the stages of wheat growth within the Zadoks classification, which was given the symbols (A0 without spraying and A1 stage, The results showed that the date of 11/15 was significantly superior to the studied traits, where the number of spikelets in spike was 20.1 spikelets. spike -1 The number of grains in the spike is 43.6 grain. spike -1 The number of spikes is 364. The weight of 1000 grains is 36.26 g, and the grain yield is 3.84 tons. ha1-. The biological yield is 11.25 tons. ha-1 and the carbohydrate content is 73.29%, while the date of 15/12 is significantly excelled on trait of the protein content, as the average was 9.43% As for the phases of spraying with the physiological activator (Appetizer), they were significantly excelled at the elongation and booting stage in the studied traits, including the number of spikes of 20.6 spikes. Plant-1 The number of grains is 48.9 grains. spikes -1 and the weight of 1000 grains is 40.7 g. The grain yield is 4.17 tons. hectare 1- and a biological yield of 11.01 tons. ha -1 The protein content is 9.56% and the carbohydrate content is 77.03%. As for the number of spikes, the number of spikes was significantly excelled at the tillering stage g and elongation, where their average values reached 368 spikes.m2. As for the interaction between planting dates and the phases of spraying with the physiological activator (Appetizer) it was significant in all the studied traits, the interaction between the date of 15/11 and the stages of spraying with the physiological activator at the elongation and end stage gave the highest average number of spikelets in the spike of 20.8 spikelets. spike -1 The number of grains in the spike is 52.7 grains. spike 1- and the weight of 1000 grains is 42.42 g. The grain yield is 4.66 tons. ha-1 has a biological yield of 11.46 tons. ha-1 and the carbohydrate content is 77.76%. As for the number of spikes, the interaction was significant between the date of 15/11 and the spraying phase when treating the tillering and elongation, as the average was 381 spikes. It reached 9.65%.

Effect of Planting Date and Spraying with the Physiological Stimulant (Appetizer) on the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum.L)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2022-2021 in the field experiments field of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University in the south of Babylon province, located at latitude 32.40 north and longitude 44.39 east. In order to study the effect of planting date and stages of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)), the experiment was conducted by arranging the split plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The planting dates included the main plot T1, a suitable first date on 15/11 and T2 a second late date on 15/12, while the subplot included spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer) according to the stages of wheat growth within the Zadoks classification, which was given the symbols (A0 without spraying and A1 stage, The results showed that the date of 11/15 was significantly excelled in the studied traits for plant height 83.24 cm, spike length of 11.82 cm, area of flag leaf 38.09 cm 2, chlorophyll content of 71.98, and number of grains in spike 43.6. grain. Spike -1 The number of spikes is 364. Spikes. m-2 The grain yield is 3.84 tons. ha-1 and the harvest index is 34.14%, As for the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer, they significantly excelled at the elongation and booting growth stage in the studied traits, including plant height 81.70 cm, spike length 11.80 cm, chlorophyll content 74.65, number of grains 48.9 grains, spike 1- and grain yield 4.17 tons. ha-1 and a harvest index of 37.75%. As for the area of the flag leaf and the number of spikes, they significantly excelled at the stage of tillering and elongation, as their mean values reached 40.08 cm2 and 368 spikes.m2 respectively. As for the interaction between the planting dates and the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer), it was significant in all the studied traits. The interaction between the date of 15/11 and the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant at the elongation and booting stage gave the highest average plant height of 84.14 cm and spike length of 12.57 cm. the content of chlorophyll and the number of grains in the spike is 52.7 grains. spike -1 and the grain yield is 4.66 tons. ha-1 and the harvest index is 40.64%. As for the area of the flag leaf and the number of spikes, the interaction was significant between the date of 11/15 and the spraying phase when treated at tillering and elongation averaged 45.29 cm2 and 381 spikes.m2 sequentially.

Remote field monitoring results feasibility assessment for energy crops yield management

Most vegetation indices for UAV data analysis are developed for low-resolution satellite platforms, which requires the use of other monitoring methods and agrochemical measures to accurately determine the state of plantations, considering different stages of vegetation and spectral characteristics. The research aims to develop a methodology for assessing the suitability of remote sensing spectral data for energy crop nutrition management. The study was conducted using winter crops, including wheat and rapeseed. The results for winter wheat for the period from 2017 to 2020 were analysed. Stresses associated with nutrient deficiencies were studied in the fields of long-term stationary experiments at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The results obtained from the Slantrange sensor and Slantview software were used. The studies confirmed that the pixel distribution in images of plantations (wheat and winter rape) can be described by a Gaussian distribution. The coefficient of determination for wheat was higher than for rape due to the peculiarities of the plant leaf structure. For rapeseed, a higher coefficient of determination was found for the lognormal distribution, which is not convenient for automating fertilisation processes in precision farming technologies. The analysis of the distribution by spectral channels, in particular the presence of several maxima, may indicate the presence of foreign inclusions or transitional stages of vegetation, which makes such data unsuitable for crop management. It has been established that if, after soil filtration, the maximum amplitude of the distribution exceeds the nearest one by more than 3 times, the growing season can be considered stable for a particular area, and the results of spectral monitoring are reliable for further analysis It has been confirmed that the vegetation indices GNDVI and RNDVI are not effective for assessing the reliability of data based on the standard deviation of the distribution. Reference values of the standard deviation of the distribution can be established at research stations with controlled stress factors, which will help in crop management

Dust Settling From Turbulent Layers in the Free Troposphere: Implications for the Saharan Air Layer

AbstractDesert dust accounts for a substantial fraction of the total atmospheric aerosol loading. It produces important impacts on the Earth system due to its nutrient content and interactions with radiation and clouds. However, current climate models greatly underestimate its airborne lifetime and transport. For instance, super coarse Saharan dust particles (with diameters greater than 10 µm) have repeatedly been detected in the Americas, but models fail to reproduce their transatlantic transport. In this study, we investigated the extent to which vertical turbulent mixing in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is capable of delaying particle deposition. We developed a theory based on the solution to a one‐dimensional dust mass balance and validated our results using large‐eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent shear layer. We found that eddy motion can increase the lifetime of suspended particles by up to a factor of 2 when compared with laminar flows. Moreover, we found that the increase in a lifetime can be reliably estimated solely as a function of the particle Peclet number (the ratio of the mixing timescale to the settling timescale). By considering both the effects of turbulent mixing and dust asphericity, we explained to a large extent the presence of super coarse Saharan dust in the Caribbean observed during the Saharan Aerosol Long‐Range Transport and Aerosol‐Cloud‐Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE) field campaign. The theory for the lifetime of coarse particles in turbulent flows developed in this study is also expected to be applicable in other similar geophysical problems, such as phytoplankton sinking in the ocean mixed layer.

The Effect of Using the Cooperative Learning Strategy on Developing Critical thinking Among second-grade students in the Intermediate school in Islamic Education


 
 
 
 The present study aimed at investigating the effect of using the cognitive modeling strategy in developing the rational thinking in the second grade students in Islamic education. The experimental design (partial control) was selected for two equal groups (experimental and control). Day schools, within the district of Baiji / villages AL- Boutama and Al-hijaj deliberately as a field of experiment. The research sample consisted of (60) students, randomly distributed, and consisted of (30) students for each group and for the safety of the research rewarded the researcher among the research groups in some variables that may be influence in the independent variable (such as chronological age of the students, test, and grades the first course of the Islamic Education).
 
 
 
 
 The scientific material of the research was determined by the subjects (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) of the book of Islamic education scheduled for the second intermediate grade 2018-2019, and (25) behavioral objectives were identified, and the researcher prepared the teaching plans for the two groups.