Direct Field Research Articles

KONTEN VISUAL PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI PROMOSI ORGANIK PARIWISATA PULAU GILI, LOMBOK, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

This study aims to analyze the potential of user-generated content (UGC) in promoting tourism in Gili Islands. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research identifies and analyzes visual content uploaded on social media by various tourism stakeholders in Gili Islands. Direct field surveys revealed that UGC has successfully cultivated a positive image of Gili Islands as an attractive tourist destination, particularly regarding its natural beauty, activities, and culinary experiences. This content not only serves as personal branding but also as an effective organic promotional tool in attracting potential tourists. Furthermore, the study uncovers a gap between users' technical capabilities in utilizing social media and their understanding of the potential of social media as a tourism promotion tool. Based on these findings, this study recommends further efforts to enhance the digital literacy of tourism stakeholders and encourage the optimal utilization of social media in promoting Gili Islands. Key Words: Visual content, user-generated content, social media, organic promotion, Gili Island

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF SOME ANTI-EROSION INSTALLATIONS IN THE DAIRA OF HONAINE (WILAYA OF TLEMCEN – ALGERIA)

Water erosion is responsible for the degradation of more than half of the world's soils. In northern Algeria, it is widespread, particularly in the western region, which requires mechanical and biological developments to control it. The objective of this work is to evaluate the state and effectiveness of some anti-erosion developments, carried out in a coastal region: that of the Daira de Honaine (wilaya of Tlemcen). The methodology adopted was based on direct field observations, photo taking and data collection at the Forest Conservation in the wilaya of Tlemcen and the district of Remchi. The results obtained showed that most of the anti-erosion installations, carried out in 5 stations in the study region, are in very good condition. This demonstrates the perseverance of foresters, particularly in the creation of gabion thresholds and ridges, as well as the will of farmers in the good management and conservation of agricultural lands.

Penerapan Multidisciplinary Nursing Health Services (MNHS) dalam Meningkatkan Kemandirian Masyarakat Peduli Sehat Rohaniah dan Jasmaniah

Background: The service aims to increase community awareness of spiritual and physical health through the application of Multidisciplinary Nursing Health Services. This activity involves the collaboration of various disciplines in the field of nursing, namely medical-surgical nursing, basic nursing, maternity and pediatric nursing, and community mental nursing. In its implementation, the service team held educational activities, health checks, counselling, and healthy living skills training for the community. Methods: The methods used include direct counseling, interactive discussions, and field practices that involve the community directly. Results: The results of this activity show an increase in community knowledge and awareness of the importance of maintaining physical and mental health, as well as increased community involvement in supporting environmental health and healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: The application of multidisciplinary health services in nursing is effective in building a community that cares more about holistic health, both spiritually and physically.

In-Plane Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in a MoSe2/NbOI2 Heterojunction for Efficient Polarization-Sensitive Self-Powered Photodetection.

Two-dimensional ferroelectric materials can generate a bulk photovoltaic effect, making them highly promising for self-powered photodetectors. However, their practical application is limited by a weak photoresponse due to a weak transition strength and wide band gap. In this study, we construct a van der Waals heterojunction using NbOI2, which has significant in-plane polarization, with a highly absorbing MoSe2 layer. We observe ultrafast hole transfer from MoSe2 to NbOI2 within 0.4 ps and electron transfer in the opposite direction within 3.8 ps, facilitating efficient charge dissociation and extraction. Applying a direct current electric field poling modulates the ferroelectric domains in NbOI2, enhancing the bulk photovoltaic effect. This results in one of the highest responsivities for self-powered photodetectors (101.3 mA/W) at 0 V bias alongside excellent polarization sensitivity (∼7.58). This work advances the understanding of self-powering mechanisms via the bulk photovoltaic effect and proposes new strategies for future self-powered devices.

Evaluation of Micrometeorological Models for Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration Using a Smart Field Weighing Lysimeter

Accurate estimation of crop water use, which is expressed as evapotranspiration (ET) is an important task for effective irrigation and agricultural water management. Although direct field measurement of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is the most reliable method, practical and economic limitations often make it difficult to acquire, especially in developing countries. Consequently, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is calculated using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop-specific coefficients (Kc) to support irrigation water management practices. Several ETo models have been developed to address varying environmental conditions; however, their transferability to new environments often leads to under or over estimation of ETo, which has an impact on ETc estimation. This study evaluated the accuracy of 30 ETo micrometeorological models to estimate ETc under different seasonal and micro-climatic conditions using ETa data directly measured using a smart field weighing lysimeter as a benchmark. Local Kc values were derived from field-based measurements, while statistical metrics were applied for the evaluation process. A cumulative ranking approach was used to assess the accuracy and consistency of the models across four cropping seasons. Results demonstrated the Penman–Monteith model to be the most consistent model in estimating ETc, which outperformed other models across all cropping seasons. The performance of alternative models differed significantly with seasonal conditions, indicating their susceptibility to seasonality. The findings demonstrated the Penman–Monteith model as the most reliable approach for estimating ETc, which justifies its application role as a benchmark for validating other ETo models in data-limited areas. The study emphasizes the importance of site-specific validation and calibration of ETo models to improve their accuracy, applicability, and reliability in diverse environmental conditions.

Extinction of experience among ecologists.

Fieldwork-based research and education in ecology are under multiple threats and are progressively declining. We call for greater attention to this ongoing loss of direct field experience within the ecology community, as it could have widespread consequences for science and education, ultimately hindering efforts to address the ongoing biodiversity crisis.

Use of supervised and unsupervised approaches to make zonal application maps for variable-rate application of crop growth regulators in commercial cotton fields

BackgroundZonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices. For cotton, zonal maps for crop growth regulator (CGR) applications under variable-rate (VR) strategies are commonly based exclusively on vegetation indices (VIs) variability. However, VIs often saturate in dense crop vegetation areas, limiting their effectiveness in distinguishing variability in crop growth. This study aimed to compare unsupervised framework (UF) and supervised framework (SUF) approaches for generating zonal application maps for CGR under VR conditions. During 2022–2023 agricultural seasons, an UF was employed to generate zonal maps based on locally collected field data on plant height of cotton, satellite imagery, soil texture, and phenology data. Subsequently, a SUF (based on historical data between 2020–2021 to 2022–2023 agricultural seasons) was developed to predict plant height using remote sensing and phenology data, aiming to replicate same zonal maps but without relying on direct field measurements of plant height. Both approaches were tested in three fields and on two different dates per field.ResultsThe predictive model for plant height of SUF performed well, as indicated by the model metrics. However, when comparing zonal application maps for specific field-date combinations, the predicted plant height exhibited lower variability compared with field measurements. This led to variable compatibility between SUF maps, which utilized the model predictions, and the UF maps, which were based on the real field data. Fields characterized by much pronounced soil texture variability yielded the highest compatibility between the zonal application maps produced by both SUF and UF approaches. This was predominantly due to the greater consistency in estimating plant development patterns within these heterogeneous field environments. While VR application approach can facilitate product savings during the application operation, other key factors must be considered. These include the availability of specialized machinery required for this type of applications, as well as the inherent operational costs associated with applying a single CGR product which differs from the typical uniform rate applications that often integrate multiple inputs.ConclusionPredictive modeling shows promise for assisting in the creation of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications. However, the degree of agreement with the actual variability in crop growth found in the field should be evaluated on a field-by-field basis. The SUF approach, which is based on plant heigh prediction, demonstrated potential for supporting the development of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications. However, the degree to which this approach aligns itself with the actual variability in crop growth observed in the field may vary, necessitating field-by-field evaluation.

Effect of longitudinal direct current magnetic field and heat treatment composite process on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2319 aluminum alloy WAAM

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) had been proven to be viable for producing large metal components. However, its optimal performance had been limited by defects such as porosity, elemental segregation, and coarse grains. This study had introduced a composite process of applying a direct current magnetic field along with heat treatment to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the specimens, while also comparing changes under four different conditions. The results had indicated that applying a direct current magnetic field had expanded the arc and improved the macroscopic morphology. With a direct current of 2A, the specimen had the fewest macropores, making it the optimal parameter. After applying the magnetic field alone, porosity had significantly decreased, with a reduction of 0.43% compared to the blank specimen, and the average pore volume had decreased by 10.45mm³ compared to the blank specimen. After the composite application of the magnetic field and heat treatment, the proportion of recrystallization had increased, Cu element segregation had been notably improved, maximum texture strength had decreased, the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries had increased, and porosity improved by the magnetic field had increased. In terms of mechanical properties, the average microhardness had reached 206.2 HV, an increase of 104.36% compared to the blank specimen. The longitudinal average tensile strength had reached 387.9MPa, a 63.3% improvement over the blank specimen. Anisotropy had decreased, while elongation had been reduced.

Landscape lexical diversity for readability and safety mitigation on the commuter line bilingual information board

This study examines lexical diversity and readability of bilingual information boards on the Commuter Line Tanah Abang-Rangkasbitung in Indonesia, with a focus on their impact on passenger safety. It is motivated by observed discrepancies in translations, which could compromise clarity and effectiveness of public signage. The primary objective is to analyze lexical diversity and assess the readability of these translations using theoretical frameworks from Nida and Taber (2003), Newmark (1988), and Venuti (2012). The study employs a qualitative descriptive research design with Spradley’s Ethnographical Approach, focusing on the Green Ring Route, which encompasses 19 CL stations. Data were collected through direct observation, photographic documentation, and field notes and analyzed using domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme. The findings reveal significant variation in readability levels, influenced by the translation techniques used. High readability was found in translations employing Literal Translation and Established Equivalent techniques, while medium and low readability were associated with Borrowing, Modulation, and Amplification techniques. These findings underscore the need for consistent, culturally relevant translation practices to ensure effective communication and passenger safety. The study concludes by recommending regular usability testing, feedback integration, and use of technology to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of bilingual signage in public transportation.

Acquisition of Goat and Sheep Farming Knowledge and Artificial Insemination Technology of Nanomaterial-Assisted Semen Sexing for Farmers in Wagir District, Malang Regency

In accordance with the Malang Regency Regional Development Plan, Wagir District is one of the Livestock Centre’s in Malang Regency because of its higher population of goats and sheep. However, the lack of goat and sheep farming knowledge as well as lack numbers of superior quality and quantity of lambs become main problems for realizing that plan. Therefore, a four-helix joint program was conducted through the collaboration of farmer communities, universities, industries, and local government to solve those problems. The community empowerment was aimed to improve the goat and sheep husbandry knowledges and farming skills as well as to train farmers in applying the artificial insemination technology with nanomaterial-assisted semen sexing to improve the availability of superior lambs of goats and sheep and sustaining the quantity and quality of goats and sheep in Wagir District of Malang Regency. The approach of participatory action and learning system was conducted through the community empowerment program, including valuable activities, namely focus group discussion, training, and direct practice, mentoring and field monitoring in 12 villages. The results of this program showed that the farmer awareness, knowledge, and skills on practicing good farming of goat and sheep as well as the application of the artificial insemination technology with nanomaterial-assisted semen sexing increased significantly from 20% to 90%. The social and economic impacts of the application of artificial insemination technology of nanomaterial-assisted sexing semen are the significant increase of goats and sheep farming productivity and the strengthening of livestock business management.

Development of Bifunctional Catalysts for CO2 Capture and Conversion at Low Temperatures Under an Electric Field

AbstractSystems for direct conversion of captured CO2 into CO (i.e., CO2 capture and reduction: CCR) via bifunctional catalysts have attracted attention as technologies for achieving carbon neutrality. However, the reported systems require additional heating above 623 K, which is still an issue from an ecological perspective. The present work realized selective CO production through CCR under isothermal conditions at 423 K by the application of a direct current electric field and a Pt‐Na/TiO2 catalyst. The application of an electric field to the catalyst is needed for CO2 conversion at low temperature, and the loading of both Pt and Na is required for CO2 capture and its selective reduction to CO. The obtained results open the door for greener CCR technologies that effectively utilize waste heat from power plants and industry.

Bioconversion of Poultry Litter into Insect Meal and Organic Frasstilizer Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae as a Circular Economy Model for the Poultry Industry: A Review

Poultry litter waste management poses a significant global challenge, attributed to its characteristics (odorous, organic, pathogenic, attracting flies). Conventional approaches to managing poultry litter involve composting, biogas generation, or direct field application. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in a novel technology that involves the bioconversion of organic waste utilizing insects (known as entomoremediation), particularly focusing on black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), and has demonstrated successful transformation of various organic waste materials into insect meal and frass (referred to as organic frasstilizer). Black soldier flies have the capacity to consume any organic waste material (ranging from livestock litter, food scraps, fruit and vegetable residues, sewage, sludge, municipal solid waste, carcasses, and defatted seed meal) and convert it into valuable BSFL insect meal (suitable for animal feed) and frass (serving as an organic fertilizer). The bioconversion of poultry litter by black soldier flies offers numerous advantages over traditional methods, notably in terms of reduced land and water requirements, lower emissions, cost-effectiveness, swift processing, and the production of both animal feeds and organic fertilizers. This review focuses on the existing knowledge of BSFL, their potential in bioconverting poultry litter into BSFL meal and frass, and the utilization of BSFL in poultry nutrition, emphasizing the necessity for further innovation to enhance this sustainable circular economy approach.

Обряд «толоки» і «новосілля» у традиційній обрядовості українців Наддніпрянщини (друга половина 20 ст.)

The Ukrainian people have always been characterized by a high spiritual culture, respect for customs and traditions, which are associated with a worldview that has developed over many centuries and has preserved signs of pre-Christian beliefs. The topic is researched on the basis of archival, field and ethnographic materials that allow us to comprehensively present the features of the building rituals of this region. The article examines the traditions and rituals of the toloka, as an ancient Ukrainian custom organized in the village for group work. The ways of avoiding demonological danger during housewarming and moving to a new home are traced. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze new and little-known information in the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers about the components of folk construction rituals - "toloka" and "novosillya", which took place in the territories of Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century. The methodological basis of the article is the main methods of ethnological science: comparative-historical, comparative-chronological, retrospective, analysis of historical reconstruction, direct field observation, interviewing, polling, recording and systematization of materials. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the features of the definition of the concepts of "toloka" and "novosillya", such an analysis will help to avoid the limitations of the definition of the concept and allow us to develop a more effective approach to the definition of this concept. Conclusions. In the context of the analysis of rituals, the significance of the relevant folk traditions of our ancestors, their use and distribution in the second half of the 20th century, their significance for the establishment of cultural identity and the preservation of historical memory were clarified. This study is based on ethnographic materials collected by the author in the territory of Dnieper Ukraine. The prospects for further research into the concepts of "toloka" and "novosil'ya" lie in developing more effective approaches to the preservation and use of Ukraine's cultural heritage.

Open Protocols, the new standard for acoustic tracking: results from interoperability and performance tests in European waters

BackgroundThe lack of compatibility between acoustic telemetry equipment from different manufacturers has been a major obstacle to consolidating large collaborative tracking networks. Undisclosed encrypted signal coding protocols limit the use of acoustic telemetry to study animal movements over large spatial scales, reduce competition between manufacturers, and stifle innovation. The European Tracking Network, in collaboration with several acoustic telemetry manufacturers, has worked to develop new transparent protocols for acoustic tracking. The results are energy-efficient transmission protocols accessible to all researchers and manufacturers. Today, the Open Protocols (OP) are already available to manufacturers and developers, and the first transmitters and receivers to implement them are already in the water.ResultsThe main objective of this study was to confirm the compatibility between devices from different manufacturers using OP, characterise the acoustic range of each transmitter–receiver manufacturer combination, compare the detection efficiency to the standard protocols used at present (R64K and encrypted protocols), and assess its robustness against spurious detections. An international collaborative effort was made to conduct acoustic range tests in four main aquatic habitats: a river, a coastal lagoon, a coastal habitat, and the open sea. Receivers and transmitters from different manufacturers were deployed at increasing distances from each other using the same experimental design at each location. The decay of detection probability with distance was modelled for each transmitter–receiver manufacturer combination by applying logistic regression using a Bayesian approach. Furthermore, to thoroughly assess performance differences in an applied research context, we conducted a direct field comparison between groups of smolts tagged with OP and R64K tags, tracking their migration to the sea.ConclusionsOur results confirm full compatibility between the tested devices, with negligible differences in the measured acoustic ranges between OP manufacturers and when compared to encrypted protocols. The OP was also robust against spurious detections, and the field comparison between OP and R64K showed equal performance. We hope these novel insights will encourage international research groups to promote OP-based studies to ensure compatibility and maximise the benefits of acoustic telemetry networks.

Efficient Polarizable QM/MM Using the Direct Reaction Field Hamiltonian with Electrostatic Potential Fitted Multipole Operators.

Electronic polarization and dispersion are decisive actors in determining interaction energies between molecules. These interactions have a particularly profound effect on excitation energies of molecules in complex environments, especially when the excitation involves a significant degree of charge reorganization. The direct reaction field (DRF) approach, which has seen a recent revival of interest, provides a powerful framework for describing these interactions in quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models of systems, where a small subsystem of interest is described using quantum chemical methods and the remainder is treated with a simple MM force field. In this paper we show how the DRF approach can be combined with the electrostatic potential fitted (ESPF) multipole operator description of the QM region charge density, which significantly improves the efficiency of the method, particularly for large MM systems, and for typical calculations effectively eliminates the dependence on MM system size. We also show how the DRF approach can be combined with fluctuating charge descriptions of the polarizable environment, as well as previously used atom-centered dipole-polarizability based models. We further show that the ESPF-DRF method provides an accurate description of molecular interactions in both ground and excited electronic states of the QM system and apply it to predict the gas to aqueous solution solvatochromic shifts in the UV/visible absorption spectrum of acrolein.

Butterfly Diversity and Host Plant Dynamics in a Semi-Urban Ecosystem: Insights from the Nesamony Memorial Christian College Campus, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India

This study investigates butterfly diversity and host plant interactions within a semi-urban ecosystem on the Nesamony Memorial Christian College (NMCC) campus in Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 1204 butterflies, comprising 81 species from 56 genera and five families, were recorded. Butterfly surveys were carried out using transect walks and visual encounter methods. Host plant utilisation was assessed through direct field observations and a review of relevant literature. The family Nymphalidae was the most diverse, with 26 species, followed by Lycaenidae, which accounted for 20 species. Fabaceae was identified as the primary host plant family, supporting 15 butterfly species. The findings highlight the significance of preserving and enhancing plant diversity in urban and peri-urban environments to sustain butterfly populations and promote ecosystem health. These results have important implications for urban planning and green space management, advocating for the incorporation of native and diverse plant species in urban landscapes to support biodiversity.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Enhanced Evaporation Characteristics of Pure Water and Ion Solutions by the Electric Field

ABSTRACT In this study, the evaporation of pure water and NaCl solution films under different electric fields was investigated using molecular dynamics, and the intrinsic mechanism of enhanced evaporation by electric fields was analyzed from the perspectives of forces and thermodynamics. The simulations showed that, apart from a slight inhibitory effect of a direct current electric field on the evaporation efficiency of pure water, square wave electric fields promoted the evaporation of both pure water and NaCl solution, as well as direct current electric fields on NaCl solution, with the effect increasing with the strength and frequency of the field. For example, under a 200 GHz square wave electric field, the evaporation rates of the pure water and NaCl solution films were 8.33 and 2.65 times higher than under the direct current electric field, respectively; under horizontal electric fields of 0.1 V/nm and 0.3 V/nm, the evaporation rates of the NaCl solution film were 1.13 and 1.66 times higher than natural evaporation, respectively. The rate of evaporation efficiency is reflected in the change of molecular kinetic energy. The reasons for these phenomena are closely related to microscopic parameters and properties such as intermolecular forces, the number of hydrogen bonds, and the coordination number.The application of different electric fields affects the microscopic properties between molecules, leading to changes in the evaporation rate.

Investigation of Abdominoplasty Without General Anesthesia: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is a common aesthetic surgical procedure primarily performed under general anesthesia (GA). However, GA is aerosol-generating and involves extended immobilization associated with systemic complications like venous thromboembolisms (VTEs). There is increasing interest in performing abdominoplasties without GA because of potential lower complication rates and shorter postoperative recovery time. This review sought to summarize all available literature on the safety and outcomes of abdominoplasty performed without GA. Methods: A scoping review was conducted with no date limits in October 2023 encompassing Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The type of anesthesia was separated into 3 categories: conscious or intravenous (IV) sedation, regional anesthetic blocks (RAB: spinal and epidural), and local anesthesia (direct local infiltration and field blocks). Results: A total of 28 studies were included. Safety data was reported for abdominoplasty alone ( n = 6), with liposuction ( n = 14), or both ( n = 1). The employed anesthesia methods were IV and local ( n = 13), RAB and local ( n = 3), IV and RAB ( n = 2), IV and RAB and local ( n = 2), and IV only ( n = 1). A total of 48 379 patients were identified, with 30 cases of VTEs reported. Two studies reported GA conversion rates between 4.8% and 6.0%. A total of 11 studies assessed abdominoplasty outcomes, highlighting high patient satisfaction and low postoperative pain. The majority of analyzed studies had a “high” or “critical” risk of bias. Conclusion: Our review provides preliminary evidence that performing abdominoplasty without GA is safe and feasible. Additional high-quality studies are necessary to further validate our findings and to develop a standardized approach.

Optimizing Traffic Light Timing Using Graph Theory: A Case Study at Urban Intersections

Purpose of the study: This study aims to optimize traffic light timing at the Usman Salengke-Poros Malino-K.H. Wahid Hasyim intersection using a graph theory approach. By modeling compatible traffic flows and calculating optimal signal durations, the study seeks to reduce congestion, minimize delays, and improve traffic efficiency. Methodology: This study utilized manual traffic volume data collection methods with direct field observations at the Usman Salengke-Poros Malino-K.H. Wahid Hasyim intersection. It employed Webster's method for optimal cycle calculation and MATLAB software for simulation. Tools included measuring tapes (Stanley), stopwatches (Casio), and data sheets for recording traffic flow. Surveys captured vehicle types and peak hour volumes. Main Findings: The optimal traffic light cycle duration was calculated as 95 seconds, reducing the original cycle time of 128 seconds. Peak traffic volume was observed at 1,383 pcu/hour (Usman Salengke North). The green light duration increased for Usman Salengke North to 39 seconds and for Poros Malino to 28 seconds. Total average vehicle waiting time decreased by 33.3%, with improved throughput by 20%. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a practical application of graph theory for optimizing traffic light timing, using compatible flow modeling to simplify intersection analysis. Unlike adaptive systems requiring expensive technology, this approach relies on manual traffic data, offering cost-effective solutions. It advances existing knowledge by providing a simplified, scalable method for reducing congestion and enhancing traffic efficiency in urban settings.

The Influence of Tepuk Tebak Games as Occupational Health and Safety Education on the Knowledge Level of Hair Salon Workers and Customers

Working in a hair salon involves exposure to various potential hazards, such as harmful chemicals from hair care products, the risk of injury from sharp tools, and non-ergonomic working postures. These issues can be addressed by enhancing workers' knowledge of occupational safety and health practices by providing education using available educational media. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing educational media in the form of games on increasing knowledge among salon workers and clients using salon services. The research method used is a pre-experimental study with a single-group pre-test and post-test design. The data obtained comes from two types of sources: primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews and direct field observations using a questionnaire as the research instrument, while secondary data were obtained through a literature review. The study showed a significant increase in workers' knowledge after being educated through games. The average knowledge score of workers increased from 45 (pre-test) to 97.5 (post-test). Similarly, salon clients' knowledge also significantly increased from an average score of 67.76 (pre-test) to 93.16 (post-test), with a p-value (<0.001).