Principles from the field of developmental psychopathology are used to provide a conceptual framework for understanding ontogenetic processes in maltreated children. Research evidence for compromised adaptation on a series of critical stage-salient developmental tasks is reviewed. Within the context of ongoing risk and protective processes, the findings cohere to portray the substantial risk for adaptational failures and psychopathologic outcomes experienced by maltreated children. Recommendations for intervention strategies guided by developmental theory are suggested.