Field Of Computer Technology Research Articles

КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ЕЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The problematic issues of ensuring cybersecurity in the Russian Federation are investigated in the article. Based on the analysis of legal literature and normative legal acts on crimes in the field of computer information in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and countering them, several judgments are made. The state of crime in the field of computer information is largely determined by the level of economic development of any state, including the Russian Federation as a subject of international law. Computer information, as social interaction, is protected by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Counteraction in the field of computer information involves the formation of special units in a number of law enforcement agencies (first of all, in the state security bodies and in the internal affairs bodies) staffed with employees with additional competencies in the field of computer technology.

Preface

We are glad to introduce you that the 2020 5th International Seminar on Computer Technology, Mechanicaland Electrical Engineering (ISCME 2020), hosted by AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre wassuccessfully held during October 30-November 1, 2020. In light of worldwide travel restriction and theimpact of COVID-19, ISCME 2020 was carried out in the form of virtual conference to avoid personnelgatherings. Because most participants were still highly enthusiastic about participating in this conference,we chose to carry out ISCME 2020 via online platform according to the original schedule instead ofpostponing it.ISCME2020 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of ComputerTechnology, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering to a common forum. The primary goal of theconference is to promote research and developmental activities in Computer Technology, Mechanical andElectrical Engineering and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange betweenresearchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. Theconference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences inmaterials, mechanical engineering and automation technology and related areas.We are greatly honored to have invited PROF. IR. DR. MOHD SYUHAIMI BIN AB. RAHMAN fromDepartment of Electrical, Electronic & System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to serve as our Conference Chair. The rest of the participants werecomposed of nearly 130 privileged scholars from different renowned universities and institutes around theglobe.List of Committee member, Conference chairman, Program Committees and International Technical Program Committees are available in this pdf.

Formative Assessment Activities to Advance Education: A Case Study

Aim/Purpose: During the education of future engineers and experts in the field of computer science and information communication technology, the achievement of learning outcomes related to different levels of cognitive ability and knowledge dimensions can be a challenge. Background: Teachers need to design an appropriate set of activities for students and combine theory-based knowledge acquisition with practical training in technical skills. Including various activities for formative assessment during the course can positively affect students’ motivation for learning and ensure appropriate and timely feedback that will guide students in further learning. Methodology: The aim of the research presented in this paper is to propose an approach for course delivery in the field of software engineering and to determine whether the use of the approach increases student’s academic achievement. Using the proposed approach, the course Process Modeling for undergraduate students was redesigned and experimental study was conducted. Course results of the students (N=82) who took the new version of the course (experimental group) were compared to the results of the students from the control group (N=66). Contribution: An approach for a blended learning course in the field of software engineering was developed. This approach is based on the formative assessment activities that promote collaboration and the use of digital tools. Newly designed activities are used to encourage a greater level of acquired theoretical content and enhance the acquisition of subject-specific skills needed for practical tasks. Findings: The results showed that students who participated in the formative assessment activities achieved significantly better results. They had significantly higher scores in the main components of assessment compared to the students from the control group. In addition, students from the experimental group expressed positive views about the effectiveness of the used approach. Recommendations for Practitioners: The proposed approach has potential to increase students’ motivation and academic achievements so practitioners should consider to apply it in their own context. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers are encouraged to conduct additional studies to explore the effectiveness of the approach with different courses and participants as well as to provide further insights regarding its applicability and acceptance by students. Impact on Society: The paper provides an approach and an example of good practice that may be beneficial for the university teachers in the field of computer science, information-communication technology, and engineering. Future Research: In the future, face-to-face activities will be adapted for performance in an online environment. Future work will also include a research on the possibilities of personalization of activities in accordance with the students’ characteristics.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РОБОТОТЕХНІЧНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ З ЕЛЕКТРОНІКИ, АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ТА КОМП’ЮТЕРНОЇ ІНЖЕНЕРІЇ

Purpose. The use of robotic systems in the training of specialists in electronics, automation and computer engineering. Involvement of which will improve the quality of training of students in the direction of robot design, programming and research. Methodology. Physical and logical principles of operation of components for building robots, computer simulation, programming on languages Scratch and Python, processes description in the form of block diagrams. Results. An example of program has been developed the main functions of which are: communication of Robomaster S1 with sensors via UART interface, recognition and tracking of a given trajectory, data collection from sensors with a certain time interval, return to the starting point of the trajectory, subtraction of average values measurement on the liquid crystal display. The general algorithm of interaction with a robotic complex, an example of interaction with the accompanying software, the basic technical characteristics, the detailed description of the main constituent elements of a complex and the main list of its functions and possibilities of application were presented. Originality. A method of training future specialists in electronics, automation and computer engineering using the robotic complex Robomaster S1 to improve the quality of learning. Practical Value. The use of robotic devices in learning through the involvement of the complex Robomaster S1, promotes the activation of cognitive activity, creates a basis for the development of creative potential and is the basis for individualization of learning. Thus, one of the promising areas of further research in the fields of electronics, automation and computer engineering is the improvement of the system of training of future professionals through the use of such systems. Figures 12, tables 1, references 16.

Preface

We hereby are delighted to announce that Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey, Isparta Applied Sciences University and College of Engineering, Roorkee India in association with ICCRLAB supported by Universal Innovators has hosted the First International Conference on Computational Research and Data Analytics (ICCRDA-2020). ICCRDA-2020 moved from Physical mode to Digital (Virtual) mode due to Pandemic COVID-19. The conference was able to attract a diverse range of engineering practitioners, academicians, scholars, and industry delegates, with the reception of abstracts including more than 1200 authors from different parts of the world. The committee of professionals dedicated towards the conference is striving to achieve a high quality technical program with nine different tracks on Inventive Computing, Big data, Data Analytics and Research, Recent trends in IT, Machine learning and Internet of Things. All the tracks chosen in the conference are interrelated and are very famous among present day research community. Therefore, a lot of research is happening in the above-mentioned tracks and their related sub-areas. More than 300 full-length papers have been received, among which the contributions are focused on theoretical, computer simulationbased research, and laboratory-scale experiments. Amongst these manuscripts, 129 papers have been included in the IOP [Material Science and Engineering] proceedings after a thorough two-stage review and editing process. All the manuscripts submitted to the ICCRDA-2020 were peer-reviewed by at least two independent reviewers, who were provided with a detailed review proforma. The comments from the reviewers were communicated to the authors, who incorporated the suggestions in their revised manuscripts. The recommendations from two reviewers were taken into consideration while selecting a manuscript for inclusion in the proceedings. It is an exalting experience to finally see these elite contributions materialize into book volume as ICCRDA-2020 proceedings by IOP entitled “International Conference on Computational Research and Data Analytics”.ICCRDA-2020 invited two key-note speakers, who are eminent researchers in the field of computer science and engineering, from different parts of the world. In addition to the plenary sessions on each day of the conference, nine concurrent technical sessions are held to assure the oral presentation of around 129 accepted papers. The research part of the conference was organized in a total of 33 special sessions. These special sessions provided the opportunity for researchers conducting research in specific areas to present their results in a more focused environment.An international conference of such magnitude and release of the ICCRDA-2020 proceedings by IOP has been the remarkable outcome of the untiring efforts of the entire organizing team. We thank them all General Chairs, Advisory board members, Technical members, Program Chairs who have wished the best for ICCRDA-2020 and contributed by any means towards its success.We would also like to thank the authors of the papers for adhering to the time schedule and for incorporating the review comments. We especially want to thank our dedicated team of peer-reviewers who volunteered for the arduous and tedious step of quality checking and critique on the submitted manuscripts.Lastly, we would like to thank IOP Science for accepting our proposal for publishing the ICCRDA-2020 conference proceedings. Organizers, ICCRDA-2020 Editor(s) of the Proceedings of ICCRDA-2020 • Dr. Aditya KhampariaLovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaEmail: aditya.khamparia88@gmail.com• Dr. Deepak GuptaMaharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, IndiaEmail: deepakgupta@mait.ac.in• Dr. Amit Kumar ManochaMaharaja Ranjit singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, IndiaEmail: akmanocha@mrsptu.ac.in• Dr. Ashish KhannaMaharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, IndiaEmail: ashishkhanna@mait.ac.in

Intellectual computer mathematics system inparsolver

The paper considers the intellectual computer mathematics system InparSolver, which is designed to automatically explore and solve basic classes of computational mathematics problems on multi-core computers with graphics accelerators. The problems of results reliability of solving problems with approximate input data are outlined. The features of the use of existing computer mathematics systems are analyzed, their weaknesses are found. The functionality of InparSolver, some innovative approaches to the implementation of effective solutions to problems in a hybrid architecture are described. Examples of applied usage of InparSolver for processes mathematical modeling in various subject areas are given. Nowadays, new more complex objects and phenomena in many subject areas (nuclear energy, mechanics, chemistry, molecular biology, medicine, etc.) are constantly emerging, which are subject to mathematical research on a computer. This encourages the development of new numerical methods and technologies of mathematical modeling, as well as the creation of more powerful computers for their implementation. With the advent and constant development of supercomputers of various architectures, the problems of their effective use, expansion of tasks range should be solved, ensuring the reliability of computer results and increasing the level of intellectual information support for users ‒ specialists in various fields. Today, the issues of solving these problems are given special attention by many specialists in the fields of information technology and parallel programming. The world's leadingscientists in the field of computer technology see the solution to the problems of efficient usage of modern supercomputers in algorithmic software creation that easily adapts to different computer architectures with different types of memory and coprocessors, supports efficient parallelism on millions of cores etc. In addition, improving the efficiency of high-performance computing on modern supercomputers is provided by their intellectualization, transferring to the computer to perform a significant part of the functions (symbolic languages for computer problem statement, research of mathematical models properties, visualization and analysis of tasks results, etc.). The industry of development and usage of intelligent computer technologies is one of the main directions of science and technology development in modern society

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DISTANCE LEARNING FOR DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF THE DIRECTION "COMPUTER ENGINEERING

This work is based on the use of distance learning technologies in education, which will make it possible to individualize training, and in turn contributes to the formation of professionally important qualities for students of the direction of "Computer Engineering". The experimental work was aimed at developing a technology for the formation of students' professional competence. The article shows that the mastery by students of knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of computer engineering was aimed at their conscious application in solving problems of the educational and cognitive process, and subsequently in professional activity. The article presents the results of research, and an objective assessment of the effectiveness of this type of training for students on the basis of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after. Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, which allows us to identify promising methodological directions in the preparation of a highly qualified technical specialist.

PEMANFAATAN ZIPGRADE SEBAGAI MEDIA PENILAIAN UNTUK MEMETAKAN PENGUASAAN SISWA TERHADAP TOPIK PENGUKURAN DI SMK

Topik pengukuran merupakan topik penting yang harus dikuasai siswa SMK bidang teknik komputer dan jaringan. Guru sebagai fasilitator pembelajaran perlu memetakan penguasaan siswa dalam hal teori maupun praktik sebagai bahan evaluasi pemberian umpan balik baik berupa pengayaan maupun remedial. Salah satu media yang secara cepat dan tepat dalam memetakan penguasaan siswa adalah zipgrade. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui penguasaan siswa terhadap topik pengukuran menggunakan zipgrade. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa Teknik computer dan jaringan di SMK Al Munawwariyyah tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dengan jumlah 85 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata penguasaan 47.5 %. Beberapa konsep yang dianggap sulit oleh sebagian besar siswa adalah pembacaan nilai hasil pengukuran dan aturan penggunaan AVO meter, dan penggunaan aturan angka penting dalam operasi perkalian dan pembagian, serta memprediksi resistor yang sesuai dengan nilai yang diberikan.

Why Are Hardware Description Languages Important for Hardware Design Courses?

Curricula in computer engineering, computer science, and other related fields include several courses about hardware design. Examples of these courses are digital logic design, computer architecture, microprocessors, computer interfacing, hardware design, embedded systems, switching theorem, and others. In order for the students to realize the concepts taught in such courses, practical track should be reinforced along with the theoretical track. Many universities offer to their students labs in which they can practice hardware design. However, students need more than that: they need tools that enable them to design, model, simulate, synthesize, and implement hardware designs. Although high-level programming languages like Java and C++ could be an option, it might be a tedious task to use them for this mission. Fortunately, hardware-description languages (HDLs) have been specifically devised for this purpose. This paper shows some of the great features of HDLs and compare using them with using C++ for illustrating digital concepts through salient examples.

Heterogeneous electronic information and educational environment of the university – a problem or an opportunity?

E-learning technologies in the context of full-time and distance education have long passed the stage of innovation and have become an integral part of modern professional education. However, a number of issues related to the implementation and maintenance of the educational process based on e-learning are still relevant. This paper analyzes the problem of unification of software products, cloud technologies and services that form the electronic information and educational environment (EIEE) of a university. The authors interpret homogeneity and heterogeneity concepts in the context of the EIEE and illustrate the industry specifics of requirements and expectations for homogeneity. It is clearly proved that the heterogeneous EIEE of the university acts as a useful object/model of study when training specialists for work in cultural institutions in the fields of computer science and computer engineering, applied computer science. In these cases the EIEE structure of the university through the provision of experience develops students readiness for subsequent formal and non-formal life-long training. The paper also presents tools for assessing the existing level of heterogeneity of the EIEE and a method of expert evaluation that allows to predict the optimal level of heterogeneity-homogeneity for the EIEE of a particular university.

Studying the Concept of Quantum Computing and Analysis of Its Components, Benefits and Challenges

This paper will discuss about the use of quantum computing in the computer engineering field to make computers reliable and fast to perform various typical computations. It is the process of using concept of quantum theory in computing algorithms and other computations and calculations along with the use of computer systems. The computer system always understands the binary language of bits and bytes or in other words we can say that everything which is computed using computers should be first converted into stream of 0’s and 1’s so that computer can understand and then perform the calculations. This will restrict the scope of certain calculations for the computers. Scientists and engineers have come together to implement the quantum computing along with computers and due to this they are able to make calculations which were not possible before its introduction. The quantum theory uses bits and qubits of quantum theory and allows them to be available in more than one state and make possible various typical calculations easy and fast. The paper will explain various types of quantum computing techniques and how they are useful for the organisations. The benefits and challenges of the quantum computing in the field of computer systems will also be discussed.

Международный научно-практический журнал «Программные продукты и системы» — более 30-ти лет в цифровом пространстве научных знаний

The international scientific and practical journal “Software products and systems” was organized in 1988 on the initiative of the General Director of the NGO “Centerprogramsystem” prof. V. P. Tikhomirov (Tver) and V. M. Silina (Moscow), head of the Main editorial office of the international journal “Problems of management theory and practice”. In the period from 1988 to 2018, the editor-in-chief of the journal was academician S. V. Yemelyanov. Since 2020, the international editorial Board, which includes well-known scientists in the field of information technologies of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Germany, Finland, Mexico, Vietnam and other countries, is headed by academician G. I. Savin. Associate members of the editorial Board are the national research University “MEI” (Moscow), the technological Institute of the southern Federal University (Taganrog), TvSTU and the research Institute “Centerprogramsystem”. The journal is reviewed in the bibliographic databases of RSCI, CrossRef, and is included in the List of leading peerreviewed journals and publications recommended by the higher attestation Commission of the Russian Federation for publication of research results in the defense of candidate and doctoral theses in the fields of computer Science, computer engineering and management (05.13.XX). The journal publishes the results of original research in the field of information technologies, applied artificial intelligence systems, including the development of databases and knowledge bases, expert and training systems, decision support systems and image recognition, multiagent systems, data mining systems, neural networks, robots, and telecommunications systems. However, the subject area of research is not limited. The magazine “Software products and systems” regularly acts as an information sponsor for international and national scientific and technical events in the field of information technology and artificial intelligence.

Multi-party quantum fingerprinting with weak coherent pulses: circuit design and protocol analysis

Quantum communication has been leading the way of many remarkable theoretical results and experimental tests in physics. In this context, quantum communication complexity (QCC) has recently drawn earnest research attention as a tool to optimize the amounts of transmitted qubits and energy that are required to implement distributed computational tasks. On this matter, we introduce a novel multi-user quantum fingerprinting (QF) protocol that is ready to be implemented with existing technology. Particularly, we extend to the multi-user framework a well-known two-user coherent-state fingerprinting scheme. This generalization is highly non-trivial for a twofold reason, as it requires not only to extend the set of protocol rules but also to specify a procedure for designing the optical devices intended for the generalized protocol. Much of the importance of our work arises from the fact that the obtained QCC figures of merit allow direct comparison with the best-known classical multi-user fingerprinting protocol, of significance in the field of computer technologies and networking. Furthermore, as one of the main contributions of the manuscript, we deduce innovative analytical upper bounds on the amount of transmitted quantum information that are even valid in the two-user protocol as a particular case. These original analytical bounds are of interest for estimating the realistic protocol performance prior to experimental realizations. Ultimately, comparative results are provided to contrast different protocol implementation strategies and, importantly, to show that, under realistic circumstances, the multi-user protocol can achieve tasks that are impossible by using classical communication alone. Our work provides relevant contributions towards understanding the nature and the limitations of QF and, on a broader scope, also the limitations and possibilities of quantum-communication networks embracing a node that is accessed by multiple users at the same time.

Antibiotics in Food Chain: The Consequences for Antibiotic Resistance.

Antibiotics have been used as essential therapeutics for nearly 100 years and, increasingly, as a preventive agent in the agricultural and animal industry. Continuous use and misuse of antibiotics have provoked the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria that progressively increased mortality from multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, thereby posing a tremendous threat to public health. The goal of our review is to advance the understanding of mechanisms of dissemination and the development of antibiotic resistance genes in the context of nutrition and related clinical, agricultural, veterinary, and environmental settings. We conclude with an overview of alternative strategies, including probiotics, essential oils, vaccines, and antibodies, as primary or adjunct preventive antimicrobial measures or therapies against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The solution for antibiotic resistance will require comprehensive and incessant efforts of policymakers in agriculture along with the development of alternative therapeutics by experts in diverse fields of microbiology, biochemistry, clinical research, genetic, and computational engineering.

A Review on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Stem Cell Therapy: An Initiative for Modern Medicines.

Stem Cells (SCs) show a wide range of applications in the treatment of numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. SC related research has gained popularity owing to the unique characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation. Artificial Intelligence (AI), an emerging field of computer science and engineering, has shown potential applications in different fields like robotics, agriculture, home automation, healthcare, banking, and transportation since its invention. This review aims to describe the various applications of AI in SC biology, including understanding the behavior of SCs, recognizing individual cell type before undergoing differentiation, characterization of SCs using mathematical models and prediction of mortality risk associated with SC transplantation. This review emphasizes the role of neural networks in SC biology and further elucidates the concepts of machine learning and deep learning and their applications in SC research.

Preface

We are glad to introduce you that the 2020 2nd Global Conference on Ecological Environment and Civil Engineering (GCEECE 2020) was carried out in the form of virtual conference on August 8, 2020. Due to the impact of COVID-19 and travel restrictions, GCEECE 2020 was held via online collaboration tool, Zoom, which is different from the traditional way. GCEECE 2020 aimed to provide a flexible platform for experts and scholars in the field of computer engineering and intelligent communications to disseminate the latest research achievements and advanced technologies, as well as to promote the cooperation between each other.Firstly, we were honored to invite Prof. Xueying Liu, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power as conference chair and keynote speaker. Prof.Liu is the state Council government special allowance expert, President (concurrently) of Shuanglin Provincial Research Institute of Environmental Engineering. His research direction is green construction and safety protection, environmental ecological restoration. During the conference, the conference model was divided into four sessions, including keynote speeches, invited speeches, oral presentations and online Q&A discussion.In the keynote speeches session, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-40 minutes to hold their speeches. We were honored to invite four distinguished experts as keynote speakers to present their insightful speeches. Prof. Xueying Liu from Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, China, made a speech about Analysis of Water Engineering Heritage and Its Value System. Prof. Zheng Chen from Guangxi University, China and his speech title is: The effect of microenvironmental conditions on the formation of passive film of steel bar in concrete. Prof. Hongguang Liu from Shihezi University, China, shared his study on Research and Prospect of subsurface drainage technology in arid area. Prof. Tao Zhang from China Agricultural University, China, held a speech on the topic of Biomass Stabilization: Phosphorus Fixation and Utilization.In the invited speeches session, invited speakers were each allocated 20-30 minutes to hold their speeches. We were pleased to invite Prof. Tianpeng Gao, Xi’an University as invited speaker to made a speech about Removal of Heavy Metals and Petroleum Pollution by Plant, Microorganisms and Ecological Remediation Technology in Mining Areas. In the oral presentation’s session, some scholars were given about 10-15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. There were five scholars to present their speech on the topic of environmental protection, agricultural ecology, etc. In the Q&A session, all participants were invited to join in academic groups to discuss and explore the academic issues after the presentations. The discussion session will last 40 minutes.The proceedings collected the latest research and results in the field of ecological environment and civil engineering. The topic of this collection is related to ecological environment protection, pollution prevention, soil protection, hydraulic engineering, civil engineering and so on. All manuscripts published in the proceeding have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.Finally, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. Because of your enthusiastic participation, the conference was successfully held as planned. Thanks to the information technology, the online conference made it easier for more people join in our conference. We had around 50 attendees this time, and we are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. We are grateful to all those who have contributed to the success of GCEECE 2020. We hope that all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings.The Organizing Committee of GCEECE 2020Organizing Committees, Conference Chair, Local Committee, International Technical Committee are available in the pdf.

Knowledge Leakage and Institutional Legitimacy in Competitive Dynamics

Interorganizational ties are ubiquitous and connect businesses to other organizations within their field as well as up- or downstream organizations such as patent prosecutors. In interacting with such parties, companies often must provide knowledge that lies at the core of their competitive advantage to receive the best service possible. Organizations might, thus, be inclined to avoid working with service providers via which indirect links to competitors are created, out of fear of knowledge leakage. However, we argue that forces of legitimation by association with reputable service providers, or even competitors, can counteract fear of knowledge leakage. At higher levels of connectedness to competitors, the selecting organization's fear of knowledge leakage starts taking over and attenuates the probability of choice again. We test our theory studying patent prosecution in the field of computer technologies and find initial support for our proposition

Computational Social Science and Sociology.

The integration of social science with computer science and engineering fields has produced a new area of study: computational social science. This field applies computational methods to novel sources of digital data such as social media, administrative records, and historical archives to develop theories of human behavior. We review the evolution of this field within sociology via bibliometric analysis and in-depth analysis of the following subfields where this new work is appearing most rapidly: (a) social network analysis and group formation; (b) collective behavior and political sociology; (c) the sociology of knowledge; (d) cultural sociology, social psychology, and emotions; (e) the production of culture; (f) economic sociology and organizations; and (g) demography and population studies. Our review reveals that sociologists are not only at the center of cutting-edge research that addresses longstanding questions about human behavior but also developing new lines of inquiry about digital spaces as well. We conclude by discussing challenging new obstacles in the field, calling for increased attention to sociological theory, and identifying new areas where computational social science might be further integrated into mainstream sociology.

A Review on the Relationship between Computer Engineering, Discrete-Math and Graph Theory

This review is based on understanding the main concept between computer engineering and mathematics based on two of their most important fields, the discrete-math and graph theory. and answering the question that was asked by many students over the years of working in the university, about the necessity of studying mathematics while majoring computer engineering. Most of the students face the same problem over years for not having the vision to connect between studying materials of their specialization and general ones, in particular between studying discrete-math engineering as in Engineering analysis, and discrete-math as in the Digital signal Processing (DSP), and between algebraic mathematics. Moreover, they do not understand the main idea of the transition between different time or frequency domains, by converting the work in real-time domain systems to work in discrete–time or frequency domain systems. And they do ignore the importance of studying graph theory, in which recent researches have proved the powerful of using graphs in learning tasks, developing an important field of computer engineering, the machine learning, where the standard neural networks (SNNs) have been developed to graph neural networks (GNNs). A figure was concluded at the end of the review to brief the importance of discrete-math developing the relationship between computer engineering in general and graph theory’s role in developing machine learning in particular.

Теоретическое исследование силового поля дифтораминотринитрометана в координатах Xδ0

Actual problem of modern chemists-researchers is studying the properties of molecules of compounds. The latest achievements in the field of computer engineering and quantum chemistry make it possible to research various physicochemical parameters of studying compounds using theoretical calculations. Calculation methods can greatly simplify the task, as they are safer and more economical than experiment. It is noted that methane derivatives are also currently of interest for research in connection with their widespread use. This paper is devoted to the study of the force fields of molecule of (difluoro-amino)trinitromethane using quantum chemical calculations. The Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr method of density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP with a hybrid potential of 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) was chosen as the main approximation for the work performed, since when using it, the best quality of the result is noted. Also, in the present work, as an alternative to chemical (natural) coordinates, new coordinates Xδ0 were chosen, which allows one to take into account torsional vibrations. The calculations presented in this work were performed using the Gaussian and GaussView programs, designed to calculate a large number of properties and characteristics of chemical reactions. In this paper, using the proposed approach, the geometry of the molecule of (difluoroamino)tri-notromethane has been optimized, the geometric parameters of these compound were considered, in particular, the valence angles, dihedral angles, and long bonds were calculated, corresponding to the minimum energy of this molecule. For the first time, generalized force coefficients for F2NC(NO2)3 were calculated, and the "stiffness" of the chemical compounds of the molecule under study was evaluated. The frequencies of normal vibrations (wave numbers) for the studied compound in the harmonic approximation were calculated and analyzed. A comparison of the obtained wave numbers with experimental data is given. The results obtained indicate a satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment. A general view of the vibrational spectrum of (difluoroamino)trinotromethane obtained as a result of quantum chemical calculations is presented. The conclusion is drawn about the possibilities of applying the B3LYP 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) approach for calculating the frequencies of normal vibrations and force coefficients.