Field Of Bioscience Research Articles

AI, big data, and robots for the evolution of biotechnology

Artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and ubiquitous robotic companions —the three most notable technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution—are receiving renewed attention each day. Technologies that can be experienced in daily life, such as autonomous navigation, real-time translators, and voice recognition services, are already being commercialized in the field of information technology. In the biosciences field in Korea, such technologies have become known to the local public with the introduction of the AI doctor Watson in large number of hospitals. Additionally, AlphaFold, a technology resembling the AI AlphaGo for the game Go, has surpassed the limit on protein folding predictions—the most challenging problems in the field of protein biology. This report discusses the significance of AI technology and big data on the bioscience field. The introduction of automated robots in this field is not just only for the purpose of convenience but a prerequisite for the real sense of AI and the consequent accumulation of basic scientific knowledge.

Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction using Machine Learning Models

The field of biosciences have advanced to a larger extent and have generated large amounts of information from Electronic Health Records. This have given rise to the acute need of knowledge generation from this enormous amount of data. Data mining methods and machine learning play a major role in this aspect of biosciences. Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as they always do. A family history of kidney diseases or failure, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes may lead to CKD. This is a lasting damage to the kidney and chances of getting worser by time is high. The very common complications that results due to a kidney failure are heart diseases, anemia, bone diseases, high potasium and calcium. The worst case situation leads to complete kidney failure and necessitates kidney transplant to live. An early detection of CKD can improve the quality of life to a greater extent. This calls for good prediction algorithm to predict CKD at an earlier stage . Literature shows a wide range of machine learning algorithms employed for the prediction of CKD. This paper uses data preprocessing, data transformation and various classifiers to predict CKD and also proposes best Prediction framework for CKD. The results of the framework show promising results of better prediction at an early stage of CKD.

Topology-based classification of tetrads and quadruplex structures

MotivationQuadruplexes attract the attention of researchers from many fields of bio-science. Due to a specific structure, these tertiary motifs are involved in various biological processes. They are also promising therapeutic targets in many strategies of drug development, including anticancer and neurological disease treatment. The uniqueness and diversity of their forms cause that quadruplexes show great potential in novel biological applications. The existing approaches for quadruplex analysis are based on sequence or 3D structure features and address canonical motifs only.ResultsIn our study, we analyzed tetrads and quadruplexes contained in nucleic acid molecules deposited in Protein Data Bank. Focusing on their secondary structure topology, we adjusted its graphical diagram and proposed new dot-bracket and arc representations. We defined the novel classification of these motifs. It can handle both canonical and non-canonical cases. Based on this new taxonomy, we implemented a method that automatically recognizes the types of tetrads and quadruplexes occurring as unimolecular structures. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis of these motifs found in experimentally determined nucleic acid structures in relation to the new classification.Availability and implementation https://github.com/tzok/eltetrado/ Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Mussel-Inspired Fabrication of SERS Swabs for Highly Sensitive and Conformal Rapid Detection of Thiram Bactericides.

As an important sort of dithiocarbamate bactericide, thiram has been widely used for fruits, vegetables and mature crops to control various fungal diseases; however, the thiram residues in the environment pose a serious threat to human health. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were grown in-situ on cotton swab (CS) surfaces, based on the mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) molecule and designed as highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) swabs for the conformal rapid detection of bactericide residues. With this strategy, the obtained CS@PDA@AgNPs swabs demonstrated highly sensitive and reproducible Raman signals toward Nile blue A (NBA) probe molecules, and the detection limit was as low as 1.0 × 10−10 M. More critically, these CS@PDA@AgNPs swabs could be served as flexible SERS substrates for the conformal rapid detection of thiram bactericides from various fruit surfaces through a simple swabbing approach. The results showed that the detection limit of thiram residues from pear, grape and peach surfaces was approximately down to the level of 0.12 ng/cm2, 0.24 ng/cm2 and 0.15 ng/cm2 respectively, demonstrating a high sensitivity and excellent reliability toward dithiocarbamate bactericides. Not only could these SERS swabs significantly promote the collection efficiency of thiram residues from irregular shaped matrices, but they could also greatly enhance the analytical sensitivity and reliability, and would have great potential for the on-site detection of residual bactericides in the environment and in bioscience fields.

A Closed Chemobrionic System as a Biochemical Delivery Platform.

Inorganic cells bearing calcium silicate membranes were prepared and resembled closed chemical gardens. It was demonstrated that these inorganic cells can successfully be loaded with natural products, proteins and plasmid DNA, and their cargo can be released in a controlled manner. These cells demonstrated the ability of chemical gardens to act as platforms for the sustained delivery of biomolecules and are expected to introduce chemical gardens in the field of biosciences.

The tremendous contribution of biosciences and biotechnology for better life: research dissemination is one of the most important role to make it happen

Biosciences and biotechnology have become the interesting topics since long to be investigated in order to understand science and technology, develop many tools and instrumentation, discovery of new drugs including natural base drugs and biopharmaceutical, contribute in energy sources, interact with the environment as well as to improve the quality of human being. The researches of the field have dramatically contributed for many other field and for better life. Uncounted numbers publications in these field will be continuously rising. To contribute in dissemination of research output which have been done by researcher around the world, the Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology so called CRBB is published in this year. In the beginning this journal will publish 2 issue in the year and will be increased in the future. All researchers in the field of bioscience and biotechnology are invited to submit the manuscripts to CRBB. The manuscript will be peer reviewed prior to publish.

Using Smart Nanochannels as a Power Switch in Salinity Gradient Batteries

AbstractAlthough biomimetic smart gating nanochannels have been explored extensively, research on practical applications of these systems is scarce. Here, we demonstrated an engineered track‐etched asymmetric porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane modified with redox‐active Cytochrome C (Cyt C), which served as a gatekeeper due to its redox‐responsive character and excellent anion selectivity. Due to the anion‐selectivity of the membrane, we further applied it in an energy conversion device to capture the electric power from a salinity gradient. In addition, its redox‐responsive property was utilized to realize the function of power switch in concentration cell, which is capable of out‐power density conversion from 0.24 W/m2 to 0.86 W/m2 reversibly. In addition, a theoretical model based on the Poisson and Nernst‐Planck equations has been employed to simulate and explain the experimental data and illustrate the mechanism of the ionic transport process. This work presents an important paradigm for the application of stimuli‐responsive nanochannels in salinity gradient energy conversion areas and opens new and promising routes in the fields of drug delivery and bioscience.

A Note on the Application of Analysis of Variance in Medical Research

In medical and in any field of bioscience the social characteristics vary with respect to any of the health hazards of the investigating units. Some of the variations may be significant or insignificant. The significance of the variation is studied by observing the association of any of the health hazards with any or all of the socioeconomic variables.

The International Seminar on Bioscience and Biogical Education

PREFACEThe rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years has shifted us to digital era. The biggest challenge in our world of education is how to reform education system and integrate modern technology in teaching and learning. The development of science and technology has also supported the acceleration of research in this field, as well as giving influence to researchers to continuously improve themselves.In a highly open global information era, sharing creative ideas and cooperations in the field of biosciences and biological education need to be improved through various fora. International Seminar on Bioscience and Biological Education (ISBBE) facilitates to evoke creative and innovative ideas among educators and researchers in the field of bioscience and biological education. In accordance with the focus of the problem, this international seminar has a theme: “Research and Education Innovation on Bioscience for the 21st Century Challenges.”This seminar brought us to discuss recent development and innovation in biological and bioscience research. Several expert in the field of Bioscience and biological education were invited, including Prof. Dr. Mamoru Yamada (Yamaguchi University, Japan), Prof. David F. Treagust (Curtin University, Australia), Dr. Mahani Mokhtar (University of Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia) and Dr. Kriengkrai Satapornvanit (Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand). We are also invited special keynote speaker Dr. Ir. Paristiyanti Nurwardani, MP, Director of Learning Affair, General Directorate of Learning and Student Affairs, The Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.On behalf of the committee and the institution, I would like to thanks to the participants who had been participated in this seminar. I realy hope that we are going to meet again at the next ISBBE event. Thank you.Yogyakarta, Indonesia, October 2018ISBBE ChairmanDr. Suyitno Aloysius

Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation for Stereoselective Syntheses of Allylic Alcohols bearing a Quaternary Carbon Center

AbstractOlefins play a vital role in the fields of bioscience, medicine, and chemistry. Stereo‐defined olefins are important resource in both chemical laboratory and industry. Using a palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative transformation of vinyl cyclic carbonates, we have developed an efficient and reliable method for the direct construction of highly substituted olefins with the concomitant formation of a new Csp3‐Csp3 bond. The desired olefins could be generated in reasonable yields with good stereoselectivities, in contrast to the existing methods, which are usually non‐stereoselective. The palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative transformation will undoubtedly provide new synthetic routes for the formation of multi‐substituted allylic scaffolds.

Gateway binary vectors with organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins for highly sensitive reporter assay in gene expression analysis of plants

Fluorescent proteins are valuable tools in the bioscience field especially in subcellular localization analysis of proteins and expression analysis of genes. Fusion with organelle-targeting signal accumulates fluorescent proteins in specific organelles, increases local brightness, and highlights the signal of fluorescent proteins even in tissues emitting a high background of autofluorescence. For these advantages, organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins are preferably used for promoter:reporter assay to define organ-, tissue-, or cell-specific expression pattern of genes in detail. In this study, we have developed a new series of Gateway cloning technology-compatible binary vectors, pGWBs (attR1-attR2 acceptor sites) and R4L1pGWB (attR4-attL1 acceptor sites), carrying organelle-targeted synthetic green fluorescent protein with S65T mutation (sGFP) (ER-, nucleus-, peroxisome-, and mitochondria-targeted sGFP) and organelle-targeted tag red fluorescent protein (TagRFP) (nucleus-, peroxisome-, and mitochondria-targeted TagRFP). These are available for preparation of promoter:reporter constructs by an LR reaction with a promoter entry clone attL1-promoter-attL2 (for pGWBs) or attL4-promoter-attR1 (for R4L1pGWBs), respectively. A transient expression experiment with particle bombardment using cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-driven constructs has confirmed the correct localization of newly developed organelle-targeted TagRFPs by a co-localization analysis with the previously established organelle-targeted sGFPs. More intense and apparent fluorescence signals were detected by the nucleus- and peroxisome-targeted sGFPs than by the normal sGFPs in the promoter assay using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The new pGWBs and R4L1pGWBs developed here are highly efficient and may serve as useful platforms for more accurate observation of GFP and RFP signals in gene expression analyses of plants.

In-Situ Grown Silver Nanoparticles on Nonwoven Fabrics Based on Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine for Highly Sensitive SERS Carbaryl Pesticides Detection.

The rapid sampling and efficient collection of target molecules from a real-world surface is fairly crucial for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect trace pesticide residues in the environment and in agriculture fields. In this work, a versatile approach was exploited to fabricate a flexible SERS substrate for highly sensitive detection of carbaryl pesticides, using in-situ grown silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)on non-woven (NW) fabric surfaces based on mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) molecules. The obtained NW@PDA@AgNPs fabrics showed extremely sensitive and reproducible SERS signals toward crystal violet (CV) molecules, and the detection limit was as low as 1.0 × 10−12 M. More importantly, these NW@PDA@AgNPs fabrics could be directly utilized as flexible SERS substrates for the rapid extraction and detection of trace carbaryl pesticides from various fruit surfaces through a simple swabbing approach. It was identified that the detection limits of carbaryl residues from apple, orange, and banana surfaces were approximately decreased to 4.02 × 10−12, 6.04 × 10−12, and 5.03 × 10−12 g, respectively, demonstrating high sensitivity and superior reliability. These flexible substrates could not only drastically increase the collection efficiency from multifarious irregular-shaped matrices, but also greatly enhance analytical sensitivity and reliability for carbaryl pesticides. The fabricated flexible and multifunctional SERS substrates would have great potential to trace pesticide residue detection in the environment and bioscience fields.

The prophylactic effect of Ranunculus laetus (Wall)-mediated silver nanoparticles against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

BackgroundThe possession of immense activities of the silver nanoparticles, due to which they have played an anomalous role in the various fields of bioscience, is of big concern of study in the recent era. So, the main aim of our study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Ranunculus laetus using 0.1 M silver nitrate solution, and the synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity.ResultsThe dark brown color of reaction mixture preliminary confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. Further, characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles showed UV-vis absorption peak at 442 nm, infrared spectroscopy revealed nitro compounds and aromatic amines as reducing and capping agents while X-ray diffraction revealed face-centered cubic crystallites of AgNPs with an average size of 24.125 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed spherical shape of silver nanoparticles with diameter 7.21–17.62 nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed significant antibacterial activity P < 0.05, against Escherichia coli (MTCC No. 739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC No. 1688), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC No. 96), and Bacillus subtilis (MTCC No. 441). The order of antibacterial potential was P. aeruginosa > S. aureus > E. coli > B. subtilis.ConclusionThe ionic silver was reduced to silver nanoparticles by the action of reducing agents present in the aqueous leaf extract of Ranunculus laetus, and these nanoparticles bare credible antibacterial activity against diverse bacterial strains.

An efficient thin-walled Pd/polypyrrole hybrid nanotube biocatalyst for sensitive detection of ascorbic acid

Controllable fabrication of novel and uniform noble metal nanoparticles on a specific support with a superior catalytic or electrocatalytic performance is of significantly importance for practical applications. In this report, we demonstrated an effective way to fabricate uniform thin-walled Pd/polypyrrole (PPy) hollow nanotubes. The prepared Pd/PPy hybrid nanotubes exhibited an excellent peroxidase-like activity to oxidize a typical peroxidase substrate such as 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine in comparison with traditional Pd/C and Pd black catalysts. The outstanding catalytic activity of the Pd/PPy hybrid nanotubes for peroxidase mimicking could be resulting from their unique hollow characteristic and an interfacial effect between PPy and Pd components. Based on the favorable catalytic property of the Pd/PPy hybrid nanotubes, a convenient and rapid colorimetric way to sensitively determine ascorbic acid has been presented. The detection limit was around 0.062 μM and an excellent selectivity was also achieved. The developed detection system in this study could be extended to the fields of bioscience and biotechnology with promising prospects.

Epigenetics: ethics, politics, biosociality.

Epigenetics is a burgeoning field of contemporary biosciences, which has attracted a lot of interest both in biomedical and in social sciences. Unsystematic literature analysis and retrospective mapping of highly cited work (source: Web of Science core collection) in the social sciences and humanities engaging with epigenetics. Epigenetics poses no new ethical issue over and above those discussed in relation to genetics. However, it encourages a different framing and reflexivity on some of the commonly held categories in the moral uptake of scientific discoveries. Epigenetics presents us with normative questions that touch upon privacy, responsibility for individual health and for the well-being of future generations, as well as matters of health justice and equality of opportunities. Epigenetic thinking could help us adjust and refine the problem frames and categories that inform our ethical and political questions with a complex biosocial description of situations, of persons or actions.

SERS study of riboflavin on green-synthesized silver nanoparticles prepared by reduction using different flavonoids: What is the role of flavonoid used?

Spectroscopy of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is nowadays widely used in the field of bio-science and medicine. These applications require new enhancing substrates with special properties. They should be non-toxic, environmentally friendly and (bio-) compatible with examined samples.Flavonoids are natural antioxidants with many positive effects on human health. Simultaneously, they can be used as reducing agent in preparation procedure of plasmonic enhancing substrate for SERS spectroscopy. The best amplifiers of Raman vibrational spectroscopic signal are generally silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this study, several flavonoids (forming a logical set) were used as reducing agent in AgNPs preparation procedures. Reactivity of 10 structurally arranged flavonoids (namely flavone, chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, tricetin, 3-hydroxyflavone, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) was compared and SERS-activity of prepared AgNPs was tested using model analyte riboflavin. Riboflavin was detected down to concentration 10−9mol/l.

Documenting and predicting topic changes in Computers in Biology and Medicine: A bibliometric keyword analysis from 1990 to 2017

The Computers in Biology and Medicine (CBM) journal promotes the use of com-puting machinery in the fields of bioscience and medicine. Since the first volume in 1970, the importance of computers in these fields has grown dramatically, this is evident in the diversification of topics and an increase in the publication rate. In this study, we quantify both change and diversification of topics covered in CBM. This is done by analysing the author supplied keywords, since they were electronically captured in 1990. The analysis starts by selecting 40 keywords, related to Medical (M) (7), Data (D)(10), Feature (F) (17) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) (6) methods. Automated keyword clustering shows the statistical connection between the selected keywords. We found that the three most popular topics in CBM are: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Elec-troencephalography (EEG) and IMAGE PROCESSING. In a separate analysis step, we bagged the selected keywords into sequential one year time slices and calculated the normalized appearance. The results were visualised with graphs that indicate the CBM topic changes. These graphs show that there was a transition from Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to SVM. In 2006 SVM replaced ANN as the most important AI algo-rithm. Our investigation helps the editorial board to manage and embrace topic change. Furthermore, our analysis is interesting for the general reader, as the results can help them to adjust their research directions.

Utility of Nanomedicine for Cancer Treatment

The conventionally available cancer therapies present intrinsic limits which have prompted the development and application of nanotechnology which offer a promising effective and safer treatment. This has resulted in the development of cancer nanomedicine which has allowed researchers to improve techniques for delivering chemotherapeutic agents precisely at the molecular level in tumor tissues. This entails the use of nano-scale objects themselves or part of larger devices containing multiple nano-scale objects. Recently, most Bioscience fields use nanotechnology which has the impact on biomedicine and has potential to change the conventional cancer diagnosis and treatment. Commercial trials have begun on nano-based cancer therapies and diagnosis, however, others are still under development. Today, cytotoxic drugs can be efficiently delivered to tumor tissues using nanocarriers like nanoparticles which depend on difficult concepts of pharmacology. Multiple drugs can also be developed at the cancer site using nanomedicine which presents better cytotoxic effects. Nanomedicine also presents a targeted chemotherapeutic method under cytlmmune science which is still a developing field. This field enables the selective delivery of drugs at the cancer site, due to increased permeability of the blood vessels at the tumor sites. In our review, we focused on the anticancer nanomedicine scope.

Expectations of robotics and mechatronics in medical and bioscience fields

Expectations of robotics and mechatronics in medical and bioscience fields

A Review on Mycosynthesis, Mechanism, and Characterization of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

The study on green synthesis methods and on its potential applications for the mankind are in trend over 10 or more decades in the field of bioscience. A significant number of works have been done on the synthesis of nanoparticles by a microorganism which clearly shows the reliability of this method. Microbes can be used for synthesis process at much lower cost and in an environment-friendly approach. Among microbes, fungi can be mass grown in vitro, and they demonstrate an easy downstream processing for nanoparticles. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are the by-product of their resistance mechanism of the metal concerned, in different sizes and shapes. Also, presently, there are various methods of characterizing the metal nanoparticles. In this review, we will analyze aspects of mycosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their different characterization techniques. We are intended to give a clear picture of the importance and downside of this method.