Field Of Augmented Reality Research Articles

Device profile of the XVision-spine (XVS) augmented-reality surgical navigation system: overview of its safety and efficacy

ABSTRACT Introduction: The field of augmented reality mediated spine surgery is growing rapidly and holds great promise for improving surgical capabilities and patient outcomes. Augmented reality can assist with complex or atypical cases involving challenging anatomy. As neuronavigation evolves, fundamental technical limitations remain in line-of-sight interruption and operator attention shift, which this novel augmented reality technology helps to address. Areas covered: XVision is a recently FDA-approved head mounted display for intraoperative neuronavigation, compatible with all current conventional pedicle screw technology. The device is a wireless, customizable headset with an integrated surgical tracking system and transparent retinal display. This review discusses the available literature on the safety and efficacy of XVision, as well as the current state of augmented reality technology in spine surgery. Expert opinion: Augmented-reality spine surgery is an emerging technology that may increase precision, efficiency, and safety as well as decrease radiation exposure of manual and robotic computer-navigated pedicle screw insertion techniques. The initial clinical experience with XVision has shown good outcomes and it has received positive operator feedback. Now that initial clinical safety and efficacy has been demonstrated, ongoing experience must be studied to empirically validate this technology and generate further innovation in this rapidly evolving field.

Movement Training in Augmented Reality for Older Adults with Essential Hypertension: A Qualitative Study Determining Training Requirements.

Objective: Physical activity is a key component of maintaining and promoting the health of older people. New technologies from the fields of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) could help to increase the motivation of older people and positively influence their health behavior. To be able to respond specifically to the needs and expectations when developing an exergame for seniors with hypertension, the aim of this study was to determine the requirements for movement training within an intelligent AR system. Materials and Methods: Eleven seniors aged 65 years or older with essential hypertension and five experts from the cardiological field were interviewed using a semistructured interview and were examined with a task-based approach. In the task-based application, both VR and AR demos were used. Results: The results presented in this article refer to requirements for the development of a movement training within an exergame for older adults with hypertension. We found that on the one hand, group effects and, on the other, natural environments have a high motivational character. Furthermore, communication and interaction represent a decisive criterion for participation during exercises. Regarding the training concept the experts, in particular, recommended endurance-related activities. In addition, vital data and performance monitoring should be used to evaluate success, to signal warnings and to provide additional motivation. Conclusions: This requirement analysis enabled 45 requirements to be obtained, which will be taken into account in the training application of an AR system and in the development of an interactive multiuser AR exergame.

Transformation of Cognitive Assistance Systems into Augmented Reality

The field of Augmented Reality (AR) has received increasing attention in recent years, as AR can be applied to a wide range of problems. The use of AR offers great potential, especially in the industrial sector. Among many applications in this area, one promising application is the augmentation of cognitive assistance systems. Much research has already been done on the development of augmented support systems but it is still lacking on how to transform existing assistance systems into an AR application. This paper focuses on this transformation and presents a process model that intends to support the migration or digitalization of existing support systems into an AR application. An experimental study validates the proposed approach and derives recommendations for action.

PEMODELAN KONTEN AUGMENTED REALITY DALAM KONSEP INTERACTIVE REALTIME

Augmented Reality (AR) is a new technology in real world modeling in the form of virtual objects. Aggregated reality has been developed in many mobile platforms. The information raised by augmented reality is a representation of the real world through a reference image that is a reference. Modeling that emerges from a scan of static markers in the form, color and information that appears. This obstacle is a problem that is often faced by developers from augmented reality based applications. These constraints make the existing application of augmented reality less attractive and not interactive. While one of the objectives of making augmented reality based applications is the user interaction on the application. To reduce the weaknesses found in augmented reality, one of them is to use the Live texturing concept in modeling augmented reality. This concept is a new breakthrough in the field of augmented reality. the effect of using the Live-texturing concept will give an interactive impression that is more than static augmented reality. By applying live texturing technology to augmented reality, users can provide color and texture scratches that will have a direct / real time impact on the 3D model that is displayed.

E-government learning media through augmented reality technology


 
 
 
 Augmented reality (AR) is one of the newest learning technologies besides Artificial Intelligent, Virtual Reality, Virtual World, Alternates Reality Games, and Wearable Computing. E-Government is becoming an evolving academic field and transforming to be E-Governance, E-Participation, E-Service, E-Democracy, E-Voting issues. Therefore, some universities have E-Government course in their curriculum. AR can be one of the learning media to learn and teach E-Government effectively and interestingly. This research aims and contributes to develop a novel model of E-Government learning media using AR. Furthermore, this work has three novelties as follows:First, a method to develop e-Government learning media using AR. Second, a novel model of e-government learning media based on augmented reality technology. Third, the material courses are command centre and public service mall materials based in Surabaya, Indonesia. The new model of learning media using AR consists of main components, i.e., user, devices, AR, and course materials. Additionally, this novel model has some sub-components, such as AR object, marker, text, image, audio, video, and 3D animation. The proposed model has some practical and theoretical implications. For the theoretical implication , it adds a model of learning media for e-government course and extends the body of knowledge for e-government and augmented reality fields. For practice, e-Government courses can uilize the augmented reality application.
 
 
 

Multichannel Ultrasound Focusing Delay Control Method Based on Variable-Length Shift Register for Airborne Ultrasound Tactile Feedback

This paper presents a multichannel ultrasound focusing delay control method based on a variable-length shift register to solve the problem of using counters that occupy more resources. The proposed method can realize the delay control of the driving signal of each transducer of an ultrasound array and achieve ultrasound focusing. While collecting and storing the input data, the shift register moves the stored data to the right, and the delay control of driving signals of all the channels can start simultaneously by controlling the enabling time of the input signal of the shift register. Using experiments, it is verified that the error of the proposed method is related to the frequency of the delay control clock; the higher the frequency of the delay control clock is, the smaller the error and the diameter of the focal point are. The proposed method uses only one shift register to achieve ultrasound focusing without using additional hardware circuits and thus occupies fewer system resources. The proposed method can be applied in the human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and augmented reality fields.

Paradise Lost: Explaining Populism as a Response to the Fragmentary Nature of Time, Space, and the Rapid Pace of Technological Advancement

Contemporary societies and technologies are evolving at an ever-swifter pace. Advances in the field of Augmented Reality (AR) and in Computer Science at large have led to games that let us immerse ourselves in worlds stuffed with zombies, robots, or pokemon critters. Globalization is making the world ever more interconnected, and the development of diverse social media platforms is changing the way people engage with politics and culture in their daily lives. Time and space have arguably never been more liquid, fragmentary, and compressed. Against this host of developments, Postmodern ideas on the fragmentation of time and space,the rupture in personal and national identity narratives, as well as the concept of «utopia,» can provide theoretical tools, shedding light on how various agents react to the rapid pace of technological change (such as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and digitalization), and subsequent alterations in Man’s perception of time and space. This paper reconstructs the key tenets of Postmodern thinking on cultural phenomena, showing how the changing experience of time and space (induced by globalization, and technological advances) bear on the recent successes of populist parties in Europe and beyond. Furthermore, the paper places populists’ narrative of and nostalgic mourning for an ideal past in a longer continuum of utopian and dystopian thinking. This is then interpreted as an attempt to build a vision of a homeostatic space that, once conceptualized as a rhetorical tool, serves to forgebonds among ‘(good) people

Augmented reality in medical education: a systematic review.

IntroductionThe field of augmented reality (AR) is rapidly growing with many new potential applications in medical education. This systematic review investigated the current state of augmented reality applications (ARAs) and developed an analytical model to guide future research in assessing ARAs as teaching tools in medical education.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and included publications from January 1, 2000 to June 18, 2018. Inclusion criteria were experimental studies evaluating ARAs implemented in healthcare education published in English. Our review evaluated study quality and determined whether studies assessed ARA validity using criteria established by the GRADE Working Group and Gallagher et al., respectively. These findings were used to formulate an analytical model to assess the readiness of ARAs for implementation in medical education.ResultsWe identified 100,807 articles in the initial literature search; 36 met inclusion criteria for final review and were categorized into three categories: Surgery (23), Anatomy (9), and Other (4). The overall quality of the studies was poor and no ARA was tested for all five stages of validity. Our analytical model evaluates the importance of research quality, application content, outcomes, and feasibility of an ARA to gauge its readiness for implementation.ConclusionWhile AR technology is growing at a rapid rate, the current quality and breadth of AR research in medical training is insufficient to recommend the adoption into educational curricula. We hope our analytical model will help standardize AR assessment methods and define the role of AR technology in medical education.

Hands-Free User Interface for AR/VR Devices Exploiting Wearer's Facial Gestures Using Unsupervised Deep Learning.

Developing a user interface (UI) suitable for headset environments is one of the challenges in the field of augmented reality (AR) technologies. This study proposes a hands-free UI for an AR headset that exploits facial gestures of the wearer to recognize user intentions. The facial gestures of the headset wearer are detected by a custom-designed sensor that detects skin deformation based on infrared diffusion characteristics of human skin. We designed a deep neural network classifier to determine the user’s intended gestures from skin-deformation data, which are exploited as user input commands for the proposed UI system. The proposed classifier is composed of a spatiotemporal autoencoder and deep embedded clustering algorithm, trained in an unsupervised manner. The UI device was embedded in a commercial AR headset, and several experiments were performed on the online sensor data to verify operation of the device. We achieved implementation of a hands-free UI for an AR headset with average accuracy of 95.4% user-command recognition, as determined through tests by participants.

Augmented Reality User Interface Evaluation – Performance Measurement of Hololens, Moverio and Mouse Input

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Recent innovation in the field of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) has brought new devices on the market. Many industries see a big future in AR business and applications. The present research focuses on the user input performance of these AR-devices. This paper proposes an evaluation procedure using a server based input interface with a built-in assessment control. The evaluation is performed by test persons exposed to two AR devices: Microsoft Hololens and Epson Moverio BT-200. A conventional mouse input is used as a benchmark. The assessment reveals a trend of strength and weaknesses of each device and can orient developers to create more optimized AR experiences and improve the user experience.</span></p></div></div></div></div>

Toward The New Mixed Reality Environment for Interior Design

The paper presents a computer-aided design (CAD) system for interior architecture design called Design3R. The main assumption of this project is the implementation of the achievements from the field of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in order to embed the design process in the first person perspective and perceptual scale. It allows to work with furniture and other interior elements in their real size, directly in the realistic view of the designed interior. Design3R is developed by the author of the paper as the cross-platform software, and what is more, as the cooperation in the field of research and development with 3R Studio Mobile company. Design3R project is aimed to take advantage of the possibilities offered by HTC Vive and Google Tango to create a design environment in which the real space of building interior and the emerging interior design are completely integrated. The paper claims that the presented methods support the design process and create a new, more intuitive perspective on the perception of the project.

Camera localization for augmented reality and indoor positioning: a vision-based 3D feature database approach

ABSTRACTThe recent fast development in computer vision and mobile sensor technology such as mobile LiDAR and RGB-D cameras is pushing the boundary of the technology to suit the need of real-life applications in the fields of Augmented Reality (AR), robotics, indoor GIS and self-driving. Camera localization is often a key and enabling technology among these applications. In this paper, we developed a novel camera localization workflow based on a highly accurate 3D prior map optimized by our RGB-D SLAM method in conjunction with a deep learning routine trained using consecutive video frames labeled with high precision camera pose. Furthermore, an AR registration method tightly coupled with a game engine is proposed, which incorporates the proposed localization algorithm and aligns the real Kinetic camera with a virtual camera of the game engine to facilitate AR application development in an integrated manner. The experimental results show that the localization accuracy can achieve an average error of 35 cm based on a fine-tuned prior 3D feature database at 3 cm accuracy compared against the ground-truth 3D LiDAR map. The influence of the localization accuracy on the visual effect of AR overlay is also demonstrated and the alignment of the real and virtual camera streamlines the implementation of AR fire emergency response demo in a Virtual Geographic Environment.

Artificial Intelligence to Design a Mask Insensible to the Distance From the Camera to the Scene Objects

The sharpness of an image depends on the spatial frequency response of the photographic imaging system and the sensor characteristics. In conventional digital cameras, only those objects within a distance range are in focus, while other objects are captured with different amounts of blurring depending on their distance to the focal plane. This can be desired for some applications; however, this can also be undesired because some objects in the scene may be blurred and impossible to recover. In the field of augmented reality, simulating this natural effect of showing sharp objects in combination with blurred objects increases the visual realism of augmented video. In order to simulate this effect, it is very important to capture all objects in the scene with high quality so that it could be possible to dynamically blur different objects in the scene at runtime. In this paper, we present an algorithm to find a set of possible complex-amplitude transmittance masks capable of considerably reducing the impact of focus errors in the scene objects. Computer simulations are used to compare the masks found in this paper with a classic mask in the state of the art. The main contribution of this paper is the use of Chebyshev polynomials to model an optical mask, and then, use artificial intelligence to establish some properties of this mask, such as the depth of field, the resolution, and the amount of gathered light.

Real world usability analysis of two augmented reality headsets in visceral surgery.

Recent developments in the field of augmented reality (AR) have enabled new use cases in surgery. Initial set-up of an appropriate infrastructure for maintaining an AR surgical workflow requires investment in appropriate hardware. We compared the usability of the Microsoft HoloLens and Meta 2 head mounted displays (HMDs). Fifteen medicine students tested each device and were questioned with a variant of the System Usability Scale (SUS). Two surgeons independently tested the devices in an intraoperative setting. In our adapted SUS, ergonomics, ease of use, and visual clarity of the display did not differ significantly between HMD groups. The field of view (FOV) was smaller in the Microsoft HoloLens than the Meta 2 and significantly more study subjects (80% vs. 13.3%; P<0.001) felt limited through the FOV. Intraoperatively, decreased mobility due to the necessity of an AC adapter and additional computing device for the Meta 2 proved to be limiting. Object stability was rated superior in the Microsoft HoloLens than the Meta 2 by our surgeons and lead to increased use. In summary, after examination of the Meta 2 and the Microsoft HoloLens, we found key advantages in the Microsoft HoloLens which provided palpable benefits in a surgical setting.

LOCATION BASED DATA REPRESENTATION THROUGH AUGMENTED REALITY IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Architects conduct site visits prior to a design activity to understand existing conditions. If the architect’s position and orientation are known on site, and augmented reality system has access to a location based content database of the site, then augmented reality system can display the content in 3D directly upon the architect’s view. Generally, architects use augmented reality as a visualization tool for presentation. It is also possible to collect data of a site and represent it in situ for architectural design. This paper is a survey of location based data representation in augmented reality systems to use in early stages of architectural design related to site. Initially, it describes the field of augmented reality including the characteristics and requirements. Then it surveys the state of the art by reviewing featured applications of location based augmented reality technology. Developments to the recent conditions from the first implementations have been revealed with components. At the same time, this paper aims to find common links between these featured applications and architectural site survey. Thus, it discusses opportunities of augmented reality to provide the needs of an architect as a site visit. However, it suggests which augmented reality components are more suitable in recent conditions for use in architectural design related to site. As a survey paper, it focuses on how location based augmented reality can be used in architectural design instead of presenting a model or an application.

LC lens systems to solve accommodation/convergence conflict in three-dimensional and virtual reality displays

Accommodation–convergence mismatch is still an unsolved issue within the field of augmented reality, virtual reality, and three-dimensional systems in general. Solutions suggested to correct the focus cue in recent years require additional bandwidth, or compromise the image resolution. Our simple approach to overcome this issue is by using an eye-tracking system and electronic lenses. We propose an electronic hybrid lens system composed of segmented phase profile liquid crystal and Pancharatnam phase lenses. For practical application, eye tracking is necessary for measuring the toe-in of the user’s pupil to calculate the object depth. This information is used to determine the required diopteric power of the hybrid system. The optical performance and imaging quality of the proposed hybrid system are evaluated.

A morphology phase unwrapping method with one code grating.

This paper presents a fast and robust phase unwrapping method with only one code grating, named the morphology phase unwrapping (MPU) method. Using mathematical morphology operations, more than 36 fringe orders can be obtained accurately from only one code grating rather than at least three code gratings. Comparison experiments demonstrate that MPU has the highest robustness with a high quality factor (Q > 99.9%) under different conditions. Fast-changing facial expressions are reconstructed, indicating potential applications in the fields of augmented reality and virtual reality.

A Review on Augmented Reality Technology

Nowadays, there is new technology such as augmented reality and virtual reality that starting to get attention from many parties especially in mobile gaming industry. This technology brings elements of the virtual world into the real world by enhancing what users see, hear and feel. All these elements are augmented by computer generated sensory input such as, sound, video, graphics or GPS data. Augmented and virtual reality also supported in many fields for example, education, design, reconnaissance, maintenance and etc. This paper review the field of Augmented Reality, including a brief definition, the problems, the inventing technologies and their characteristics. Besides, it will also discuss some recent application of as well as the limitations in the use of thesetechnology

An approach for holographic projection with higher image quality and fast convergence rate

Holographic display is regarded as one of the most promising technologies to realize real three dimensional (3D) display in the near future. However, it is limited to low quality reconstruction and time consuming. In this paper, we present an effective design method of computer generated hologram (CGH), special constraints are introduced to control the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the holographic image with high speed and accuracy, and high resolution of the holographic image to reduce speckles and granularsensation. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method. This work also can provide a feasible algorithm tool for holographic near-eye display in the field of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).

Accurate Initial State Estimation in a Monocular Visual-Inertial SLAM System.

The fusion of monocular visual and inertial cues has become popular in robotics, unmanned vehicles and augmented reality fields. Recent results have shown that optimization-based fusion strategies outperform filtering strategies. Robust state estimation is the core capability for optimization-based visual–inertial Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems. As a result of the nonlinearity of visual–inertial systems, the performance heavily relies on the accuracy of initial values (visual scale, gravity, velocity and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) biases). Therefore, this paper aims to propose a more accurate initial state estimation method. On the basis of the known gravity magnitude, we propose an approach to refine the estimated gravity vector by optimizing the two-dimensional (2D) error state on its tangent space, then estimate the accelerometer bias separately, which is difficult to be distinguished under small rotation. Additionally, we propose an automatic termination criterion to determine when the initialization is successful. Once the initial state estimation converges, the initial estimated values are used to launch the nonlinear tightly coupled visual–inertial SLAM system. We have tested our approaches with the public EuRoC dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can achieve good initial state estimation, the gravity refinement approach is able to efficiently speed up the convergence process of the estimated gravity vector, and the termination criterion performs well.