Field Investigation Data Research Articles

Research Report on the Publicity of Hangzhou’s International Image: The English Translation of Global Communication Language

Through the two main methods of field investigation (data collection) and personal interviews, this research report, combined with studies of translation on global communication language in China, investigates the English translation of global communication service in Hangzhou by using professional OCR recognition software and computer-aided translation (CAT) technology, explores the confusion in the translation of these language collected from the West Lake scenic area, museums, the Asian Games’ main venues and traffic along the route, etc., then carrying out detailed classification and analysis of translation errors and analyzes their occurrence in many aspects. Finally, it puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to improve the translation quality. The report points out that global communication language is an indispensable part of China’s foreign language services, city’s international language environment and global image construction, and the translation is also related to China’s foreign language education planning and city-level policy research. Translation of global communication language should use appropriate translation strategies, and should be leveled up to foreign communication translation and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries as well as be examined from the perspective of external publicity and construction of international city image. The Hangzhou government should also effectively insure the translation quality, service quality and city benefits of global communication language on a macro level.

Discussion on the Value of Hanging Foot Building in Modern Design

Hanging-foot building is a unique charming form of traditional residential architecture, and its architecture itself contains a large number of architectural features that reflect the folk culture formed by local residents to a certain extent. However, with the development of modern design and the spread of Western design ideas, Chinese traditional architectural culture has declined rapidly. Through a large number of literature reading, field investigation and related image data research, it is found that the architectural structure, materials, spatial layout of the podhouse, respecting nature, scientific and reasonable, and harmonious and unified with the environment, have great value enlightenment for modern design. The refining and application of the architectural structure, traditional building materials and traditional elements of the suspended building can effectively inherit and carry forward the traditional Chinese architectural culture, and at the same time, it can also make modern design works more traditional.

Tectonic controls on the salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization of Fej El Adoum ore deposit (Northern Tunisian Atlas): Constrains from detailed gravity and drill hole data

Relationship between salt domes and base metal mineralization is widely recognized across many salt-bearing basins (e.g., US Gulf Coast, Southern Europe and North Africa). In the northern Tunisian Atlas, the Mississippi Valley-type Fej El Adoum lead-zinc deposit represents one of these salt-related ore deposits. It consists of a combination of stratabound, veins, stockworks and cavity filling ore bodies, hosted by dolostone and limestone units, formed along the transition between Triassic evaporites and Cretaceous limestone.In the aim to better understand the concealed complex geological structures across the area, new-acquired detailed gravity data, constrained with field investigation and drill hole data were analyzed. Particularly, edge source detection techniques such as vertical gradient, total horizontal gradient and theta angle map were applied to outline structural contacts related to subsurface density variations. The main detected lineaments are in N–S, E-W and NW-SE directions. The N–S direction represents the deepest and most important lineament in direct contact with the evaporitic Triassic, while the transverse E-W direction is related to dextral strike-slip faults that subdivide the area into blocks. These major deeper lineaments have controlled the growth of the Triassic salt dome mainly during the Albo-Aptian as revealed by pinch outs of these series in direction of the crest of the structure. The detected lineaments seem to play a significant role in: (1) providing favorable pathways for the migration and ascent of mineralized fluids and (2) creating open space filling mainly at the interferences of N–S and E-W trending faults present at the contact between Triassic evaporitic unit and Cretaceous limestone. Our results suggest further reserves mainly in the E-W Ain Said occurrence and West of the Dar N'Hal closed mine.Our study also revealed the importance of structural study in the understanding of complex structures such as highly deformed salt dome cap rocks such as the Fej El Adoum diapiric structure.

Research on GIS-Based Urban Road Network Congestion Recognition Model

Traffic congestion has now become one of the most serious urban problems, but the existing research seldom explores the recognition model level of traffic congestion. Taking the central area of Zhonghe Street in Chengdu High-tech Zone as the research area, and mitigating traffic as the basic goal, from the perspective of road network, collect one-week road traffic data of Gaode and use field investigation and big data spatial sampling and other means with GIS spatial analysis methods. A “point”-“line”-“surface” congestion situation analysis model was established to explore the causes of traffic congestion within the study area. The results show that the main traffic congestion of Zhonghe Street is distributed along Tianfu Avenue in the west, along Zhonghe Avenue in the middle, and the old city area in the northeast. Congestion is unevenly distributed in time and space. It is recommended to carry out targeted optimization planning and transformation of the road network to alleviate traffic congestion and improve the efficiency of road network traffic.

Current Situation, Global Potential Distribution and Evolution of Six Almond Species in China.

Almond resources are widely distributed in Central Asia; its distribution has not been studied in detail. Based on the first-hand data of field investigation, climate variables and chloroplast genome data, climatic characteristics of six almond species in China were analyzed, and the global distribution and evolutionary relationship were predicted. The six almond species are concentrated between 27.99°N and 60.47°N. Different almond species have different climatic characteristics. The climate of the almond species distribution has its characteristics, and the distribution of almond species was consistent with the fatty acid cluster analysis. All the test AUC (area under curve) values of MaxEnt model were larger than 0.92. The seven continents except for Antarctica contain suitable areas for the six almond species, and such areas account for approximately 8.08% of the total area of these six continents. Based on the analysis of chloroplast DNA and the distribution characteristics, the evolutionary relationship of the six almond species was proposed, which indicated that China was not the origin of almond. In this study, the construction of a phylogenetic tree based on the chloroplast genome and the characteristics of geographical distribution were constructed. The six almond species in China may have evolved from “Unknown almond species” through two routes. The MaxEnt model for each almond species provided satisfactory results. The prediction results can provide the important reference for Prunus dulcis cultivation, wild almond species development and protection.

Numerical Investigation on the Kinetic Characteristics of the Yigong Debris Flow in Tibet, China

To analyze the kinetic characteristics of a debris flow that occurred on 9 April 2000 in Tibet, China, a meshfree numerical method named smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is introduced, and two-dimensional and three-dimensional models are established in this work. Based on the numerical simulation, the motion process of this debris flow is reproduced, and the kinetic characteristics are analyzed combining with the field investigation data. In the kinetic analysis, the flow velocity, runout distance, deposition, and energy features are discussed. Simulation results show that the debris flow mass undergoes an acceleration stage after failure, then the kinetic energy gradually dissipates due to the friction and collision during debris flow propagation. Finally, the debris flow mass blocks the Yigong river and forms a huge dam and an extensive barrier lake. The peak velocity is calculated to be about 100 m/s, and the runout distance is approximately 8000 m. The simulation results basically match the data measured in field, thus verifying the good performance of the presented SPH model. This approach can predict hazardous areas and estimate the hazard intensity of catastrophic debris flow.

Rainfall Warning Model for Rainfall-Triggered Channelized Debris Flow Based on Physical Model Test—A Case Study of Laomao Mountain Debris Flow in Dalian City

Debris flows are among the most frequent and hazardous disasters worldwide. Debris flow hazard prediction is an important and effective means of engineering disaster mitigation, and rainfall threshold is the core issue in debris flow prediction. This study selected the Laomao Mountain debris flow in Dalian as the research object and explored the relationship among the percentage of coarse sand content of soil, rainfall conditions and the critical rainfall values that induce debris flows on the basis of field investigation data, combined with the results of a flume test, soil suction measurement and geomechanical analysis. The new multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models were obtained through the mathematical regression analysis method. The critical rainfall values of debris flows in this area were calculated by the previous research on the mechanism of hydraulic debris flow initiation (HIMM). Lastly, the multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models were compared and analyzed with the critical rainfall values obtained using the HIMM method and the rainfall information available in historical rainfall data, and the reliability of the models was verified. The comparison results showed that the new multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models can effectively modify the traditional intensity–duration model and have certain reliability and practical values. They can provide an effectual scientific basis for future work on the monitoring and prediction of debris flow disasters.

Spatial patterns of leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Chinese fir across subtropical China

Understanding patterns and drivers of leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and nutrient resorption at large geographical scales is important to understand the plant adaptation strategy under climate changes. However, most current knowledge was obtained from multi-species based on field investigation and literature data. Whether it is equally applicable to individual speciesneeds further exploration.Here, we determined C, N, and P concentrations of matureleaf and leaf litter, and calculated the nutrient resoprtion efficiency (NuRE)from 19 Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) plantations across subtropical China with relatively widerangesof latitudeand altitude.Results showed that leaf C concentration was high, while leaf N and P concentrations were low, leading to high C:N and C:P ratios in leaf. The CRE was relatively low, and PRE was significantly higher than NRE. Leaf C concentration and CRE increased with latitude, mainly driven by mean annual temperature(MAT). Leaf P concentration and PRE increased, and C:P and N:P ratios decreased with altitude, mainly driven by soil P concentration. In middle-aged group, stand age significantly affected the leaf N and P concentrations, and the C:N and C:P ratios. CRE and PRE were influenced by leaf C and P concentration, respectively. These results indicated that leaf C, N and P stoichiometry and nutrient resorptiondisplayed different spatial patterns in subtropical China, which were mainly induced by the variations of heatsand soil P status.Additionally, our findings suggested that forest development affected the leaf stoichiometry but not the nutrient resorption in the middle-agedgroup. Overall, this study is expected to reveal the nutrient trade-off mechanism of Chinese fir in response to future climate change, and to provide reference for basic stoichiometric parameters of individual species for the establishment schemes in the carbon and nutrient cycling model for large-scale plantation.

Identification of the Main Control Factors and Failure Modes for the Failure of Baiyuzui Landslide Control Project

The failure of landslide control project presents a deformation that continues to develop along the crack system, and the continuous failure of mechanical balance of the sliding body at the microscopic level. This paper takes the control project of the Baiyuzui landslide as an example, the main control factors for different deformation stages of the landslide are analyzed by the response surface method and the finite element method. Based on the numerical simulation results and field investigation data, the mechanical state and the transformation mechanism of failure modes of the landslide are discussed. The results indicate that slope shape and heavy rainfall are the main control factors for the failure of control project. In the initial excavation stage, the landslide is in a local slow regressive sliding failure mode; after the alteration of slope shape, the increment of sliding force promotes the transformation of failure mode to an entire intense progressive sliding; subsequently, excavation at the rear part reduces the rainwater infiltration path. The increment and dissipation of pore water pressure changes the failure mode of landslide to an entire slow progressive sliding mode. In the whole deformation process of landslide, the main control factors and failure mode vary with the control project progress. The findings of this study will provide experience and knowledge for control project of landslides.

Investigation and Evaluation Analysis on the Effect of Landscape Improvement in Zhuang Traditional Villages

Masa Village is located in Maguan County on the Sino-Vietnamese border. It is one of the traditional villages with Zhuang characteristics. This research takes the final construction effect of the “Masa Ten Scenery” in Masa Village as the specific research object, and uses SPSS software to carry out statistical analysis of variance through a combination of field investigation and big data investigation, and then obtains a comprehensive and objective evaluation result. To facilitate the summary and improvement of methods and measures, to better improve the level of renovation and design of ethnic minority villages, and to better guide design practices.

Structural geometry and kinematics of thrust belts between the Dabashan and eastern Sichuan Basin, South China block: Constraints from (U-Th)/He dating and seismic data

Abstract The relationship between the North and South China blocks, particularly their spatial-temporal framework and evolutionary history, has been widely debated. We conducted a comprehensive study of the structural geometry and kinematics of the thrust belts in the intersection zone between the Dabashan and eastern Sichuan Basin based on seismic data, drilling data, field investigation data, and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology data. These data sets provide important insights into the relationship between the North and South China blocks during the post-orogenic process. Due to the detachments, the strata of the eastern Sichuan Basin can be divided into four structural intervals characterized by duplex structures and fault-related fold structures. Balanced restoration indicates the vertical differences are represented by the shortening ratio of the upper structural interval of ∼6%, that of the middle ∼10%, and that of the lower ∼7%. Besides, the shortening ratios indicate an increasing tendency of the deformation intensity from the west to the east. The (U-Th)/He dating results suggest two age ranges, i.e., from 180 Ma to 130 Ma and from 50 Ma to 20 Ma, respectively. These age data sets also imply a younger tendency westward. The intersection zone may have experienced the following stages since the late Mesozoic era: (1) the stable continental sedimentation stage from the Late Triassic to the Late Jurassic epochs; (2) the continuous thrust stage from the Late Jurassic to the early Paleogene epochs, which is associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean; and (3) the uplift and denudation stage as a whole caused by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since the Paleogene period.

Problems and Strategies: Building a Future for Cultural Heritage Protection in Shaanxi, China

In China’s ancient history, 14 dynasties set their capitals in Shaanxi. The most glorious periods included the Zhou, the Qin, the Han and the Tang Dynasties. Owing to Shaanxi’s particular historical position, a large quantity of cultural heritage had been left underground and overground. Protecting well these cultural heritage is of great significance. By literature review, it is indicated that different types of research have been conducted from the perspectives of protection work (investigation report, annual report, material assembly), academic exploration (Shaanxi cultural heritage protection in earlier period, macro-research), monographic study (great site protection, revolutionary cultural heritage protection, field cultural heritage protection, cultural heritage protection and social economy, archaeological site and cultural heritage protection, legal system, cultural heritage crime, fight against cultural heritage crime, cultural heritage digitization) and case studies. However, these studies are inadequate in quantity, quality, depth, analysis and creativity. In particular, besides the natural deterioration, the cultural heritage is suffering from human damages during the economic activities, such as urbanization, commercialism, consumerism, tourism and cultural heritage crime. The existing protection management and utilization approach are no longer effective and influential enough, deserving improvements. This paper aims to investigate the problems in cultural heritage protection in Shaanxi, and then analyze their causes and finally put forward targeted strategies and suggestions. Field investigation, literature review and comparative data analysis methods have been adopted. It is found that the cultural protection problems in Shaanxi lie in natural damage, human destruction, constructive damage, protective damage and commercial damage, which are caused by incomplete and inadequate execution of protective policies and conservative measures, incompetence to carry out an overall and sustainable protection thoroughly, insufficient investment in cultural heritage protection, insufficient professional protection staff, underdeveloped infrastructural facilities, inadequate public supports, severe challenges in capacity building, imperfect legal system and conservative concepts. Correspondingly, the multi-approaches strategies concerning improvements in investment, archaeological excavation, security supervision, fight against tomb robbing and smuggling and public interest litigation system are put forward. And suggestions on enhancing value recognition, digitization, big data platform, talents and team building, revolutionary cultural heritage protection and collaboration are also discussed. It concludes that the new protective conception of “both object and humanity spirit take equal priority” should be implemented.

Vulnerability evaluation method of inland waterway revetment project subjected to wave and current

The flood damage of inland waterway revetment project has become one of the most serious disasters that affect the water transportation, municipal environment, human life and property safety. Scientific and reasonable evaluation of the vulnerability of waterway revetment eProject subjected to wave and current can effectively prevent and reduce disaster losses. According to the characteristics of multi factors and fuzziness in the vulnerability evaluation of waterway revetment project subjected to wave and current, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematical model for vulnerability assessment is established by using fuzzy mathematics method. Based on the field investigation and observation data of the waterway revetment project in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the relevant measurement of laboratory experiments, four main factors affecting the stability of the waterway revetment project, including design and construction, protective measures, wave-current characteristics and river waterway factors, are selected based on the establishment of vulnerability evaluation index system. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of evaluation factors and their sub factors, which improves the objectivity and scientificity of vulnerability assessment of waterway revetment project subjected to wave and current.

Sustainable Livelihood Rehabilitation of the Sea-Lost Fishermen in China: A Case Study of R City in Shandong Province

Xu, Y. and Shi, G., 2020. Sustainable livelihood rehabilitation of the sea-lost fishermen in China: A case study of R City in Shandong Province. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 356–360. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the rise of the blue economy, due to a large number of development projects in coastal areas, more and more fishermen are losing livelihood depended on the sea, and the problem of sea loss is becoming worse and worse. Ensuring the production and living standard of sea-lost fishermen is around the same or even increased is the key to solving this problem, which requires sea-lost fishermen to obtain sustainable rehabilitation livelihoods. This paper, based on field investigation data of typical fishery R City, Shandong Province in China, using LOGISTIC regression analysis, gets the law and realization way of sustainable rehabilitation livelihoods on sea-lost fishermen, which provides decision-making for relevant compensation and resettlement policies of sea-lost fishermen.

Natural vegetation in Hubei Province: history, distribution pattern, and vegetation types

<p indent="0mm">In this paper, we introduce the history of vegetation research and the composition and distribution pattern of vegetation in Hubei Province based on literature research and field investigation data. According to the classification system of <italic>Vegegraphy of China</italic>, we updated a new classification system of natural vegetation in Hubei. The history of vegetation research in Hubei Province can be divided into three stages: specimen collection and forest resource exploration (before 1970s), a comprehensive survey and vegetation regionalization (1970s–2000s), and special investigation of biodiversity in the Nature Reserve in Hubei (2000–2015). The types of natural vegetation in Hubei can be divided into four vegetation formation groups consisting of forest, shrubland, herbaceous vegetation, and swamp and aquatic vegetation. The four vegetation formation groups can be further divided into 15 vegetation formations, 72 vegetation subformations and 232 alliances. The distributions of natural vegetation in Hubei exhibit obvious patterns in latitude, longitude and altitude. We suggest that the study of vegetation in Hubei Province in the future should be based on vegetation survey data, strengthen the investigation of shrublands and herbaceous vegetation, use the method of quantitative classification and sequencing of vegetation and promote the compilation and research of <italic>Hubei Vegegraphy</italic>.

Satellite InSAR as a New Tool for the Verification of Landslide Engineering Remedial Works at the Regional Scale: A Case Study in the Three Gorges Resevoir Area, China

Several countries worldwide are funding large-scale programs to mitigate landslide risk by implementing engineering remedial works. However, the overall effectiveness of such measures is rarely monitored, and they are typically performed at the slope scale without fully exploiting the wide-area capabilities of remote sensing technologies. A multi-scale and multi-source monitoring procedure for evaluating the slope stability and the effectiveness of related remedial works was proposed in this study and applied in the middle section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China. The area is highly exposed to landslide hazards, and a massive program of engineering remedial works was recently implemented. Satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)-based techniques were first exploited at the regional scale with the objective to provide a general overview of the deformative scenario and to highlight localized problems (active landslides or high deformation zones) to be further investigated; then, local-scale field investigation and multi-source ground monitoring data were employed to verify the deforming states of active landslides and to evaluate the effectiveness of the landslide engineering remedial works. The results indicated that, among the 310 mapped landslides in the study area, 52 were identified to be active and in a slow-moving state by satellite InSAR; Among the 58 controlled landslides, 9 of them were suspected to be active in a slow-moving state and require further concern. Particular attention was paid to two controlled landslides that were found in a continuously and progressively deforming state. We observed that the regional-scale program of slope stabilization was highly successful; however, the variation of the surrounding environmental setting could have led to landslide reactivation or partial invalidation of the landslide remedial works. The proposed multi-scale and multi-source monitoring framework is low-cost, easy to perform, and very straightforward to communicate to citizens and authorities. It can be easily implemented with very wide areas to assess the slope stability and to investigate the effectiveness of large-scale governmental risk mitigation programs, identifying precursor signals that could allow for intervention before reaching critical conditions.

Engels’s Thought of the Self-Emancipation of the Working Class and Its Contemporary Value

ABSTRACT Engels, departing from responding to the real problems of the time and adopting the research methods of field investigation, collecting official and non-official data and synthesizing theories from various disciplines, found the scientific path for exploring the important issues such as where the working class is heading for, where the mankind is heading for, and so on; advanced his thought of the self-emancipation of the working class; and established his theories on the objective reality which constituted an important part of Marxism. Engels pointed out that the issue of the emancipation of the working class was originated from the field of material production. The key to the solution of the issue was to understand the real production practice activities of the working class, and the fundamental way out for the working class lay in the realization of its self-emancipation. The condition of the working class in the contemporary era has been improved which is an achievement of its struggle. However, its historical subject status has not been changed and the working class is still the real transformative power for realizing socialism. Comprehensive understanding of Engels’s thought of the self-emancipation of the working class is of contemporary theoretical value and practical significance.

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir

In order to understand the spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, surface sediment samples in six typical tributaries and estuaries were analyzed. The heavy metal content in sediment was detected by ICP-MS (PE Elan DRC Ⅱ, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) after digestion by mixed acid. The data were evaluated and analyzed using multiple methods, including the potential ecological risk index, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and cluster analysis. The results show that the tributary surface sediments were polluted by heavy metals to a certain extent. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr have been enriched in sediments in recent years. The results of Igeo show that the pollution degree is as follows: Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Cd &gt; Ni &gt; As &gt; Hg. According to the potential ecological risk index, the grades of Yunyang, Xiaojiang, and Xinjin are all medium risk, and Cd has the highest contribution rate. Combined with field investigation data, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis, we conclude that Cu, Zn, and Cr are likely to come from agricultural chemical fertilizers and industrial sewage, while Pb mainly comes from the discharge of ship fuel.

Analytical Evaluation of Ballasted Track Substructure Response under Repeated Train Loads

The irrecoverable deformations in the substructure layers are detrimental to the track stability and demand frequent maintenance. With an escalation in axle load and traffic volume, the frequency of maintenance operations has remarkably increased. Consequently, there is an inevitable need to predict the long-term behavior of the track substructure layers. This article presents a methodology to evaluate the recoverable and irrecoverable responses of the substructure layers under the train-induced repetitive loads. The present method utilizes an integrated approach combining track loading, resiliency, and settlement models. The track substructure layers are simulated as lumped masses that are connected by springs and dashpots. The method is successfully validated against the field investigation data reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of substructure layer properties on the track response. The results reveal that the response of each track layer is significantly influenced by the neighboring layer properties and the incorporation of multilayered track structure enables more accurate prediction of track behavior. The present analytical approach is simple, computationally efficient and may assist the practicing engineers in the safer design of the ballasted track.

A Study on the Cause of Layered Seawater Intrusion in the Daqing River Estuary of Liaodong Bay, China

Groundwater over-pumping in estuary cities leads to a series of groundwater environmental problems that seriously restricts economic development. On the basis of field investigation and long-term monitoring data analysis, a three-dimensional numerical model was built in the estuary of the Daqing River in Liaodong Bay, China. The Quaternary overburden can be generalized into five layers according to particle composition and parameters in the vertical direction. There are many scattered irrigation wells pumping in the second layer, and three water source areas mainly pumping groundwater in the fourth layer. Long-term over-pumping in multi-layered aquifers causes onshore layered seawater intrusion. The laws of layered intrusion under the layered pumping were calculated and analyzed with SEAWAT-2000, and the sensitivity was analyzed with the Sobol method. Results showed that the intrusion area had an obvious layered law. Layered pumping directly affected the layered intrusion area, as different permeability, tide and barrage further affected it. The prediction study showed that the cone of depression recovered after the pumping-limit of water source areas, and the intrusion area started to retreat in the fourth layer. At that time, the pumping quantity of irrigation wells became the main reason for the increase of the intrusion area. If the water source areas are used to bear part of the irrigation demand, so as to reduce the pressure of pumping in the second layer, the overall intrusion area can be reduced by about 0.23 km2 under the same pumping quantity.