Field Intensity Factors Research Articles

Strip-saturation model for piezoelectric plane weakened by two collinear cracks with coalesced interior zones

A strip-saturation model is proposed for a transversely isotropic piezoelectric plane weakened by two collinear equal cracks, when developed saturation zones at the interior tips of the cracks get coalesced. The plane is subjected to unidirectional, normal (to the crack length) in-plane tension and electric displacement. The developed saturation zones are arrested by distributing over their rims the normal, cohesive, unidirectional saturation-limit electrical displacement. The solution is obtained using Stroh formulation and complex variable technique. Closed form expressions are derived for crack opening displacement (COD), crack potential drop (COP), field intensity factors, length of saturation zone, energy release rate. Case study carried out for PZT-4 to show the effects of inter-crack distance on the stress intensity factor. The variations of energy release rates are plotted for PZT-4, PZT-5H and BaTiO3 to study the effects of the geometry of the two cracks.

A piezoelectric screw dislocation near an elliptical inhomogeneity containing a confocal rigid line

The interaction between a piezoelectric screw dislocation and an elliptical inhomogeneity in piezoelectric composite material which contains an electrically conductive confocal rigid line is studied, especially analyzing the shielding effect of a piezoelectric screw dislocation near an elliptical inhomogeneity. By applying the complex variable method, the analytical solution to the elastic field and the electric field, the field intensity factors at the tip of the rigid line are derived. The image force acting on the piezoelectric screw dislocation is calculated by using the generalized Peach–Koehler formula. Accordingly, the location and the orientation of the dislocation, the material properties upon the shielding or anti-shielding effect on the stress intensity factors, as well as the effects of the rigid line and the electroelastic properties of the piezoelectric materials on the image force are discussed.

The influences of non-linear electrical, magnetic and mechanical boundary conditions on the dynamic intensity factors of magnetoelectroelastic solids

In this paper advanced transient dynamic crack analysis in two-dimensional (2D), homogeneous and linear magnetoelectroelastic solids by taking non-linear electrical, magnetic and mechanical crack-face boundary conditions into account is presented. Stationary cracks in infinite and finite magnetoelectroelastic solids under different impact loadings are investigated. Thus, a time-domain boundary element method (TDBEM) is developed for this purpose. The TDBEM uses the Galerkin-method for the spatial discretization, while the collocation method is implemented for the temporal discretization. An explicit time-stepping scheme is used to compute the unknown boundary data numerically. Iterative solution algorithms are developed to compute the non-linear semi-permeable electrical and magnetic crack-face boundary conditions. An additional iteration scheme is implemented for crack-face contact analysis at time-steps when a physically unacceptable crack-face intersection occurs. Numerical examples are presented and discussed to investigate the influences of the electrical, magnetic and mechanical crack-face boundary conditions on the dynamic field intensity factors.

Analysis of an arbitrarily oriented crack in a finite piezoelectric plane via the hybrid extended displacement discontinuity-fundamental solution method

In this paper, we analyze an arbitrarily oriented crack in a finite two-dimensional piezoelectric medium with the polarization saturation model near the crack tip. We first derive the extended Green's functions corresponding to the extended point-displacement discontinuities of an arbitrarily oriented crack based on the Green's functions of the extended point forces and the Somigliana identity. Then, the extended field intensity factors and the local J-integral near the crack tip are expressed in terms of the extended displacement discontinuity on crack faces. Finally, the nonlinear hybrid extended displacement discontinuity-fundamental solution method is proposed to analyze an electrically nonlinear crack in a finite piezoelectric medium. Numerical examples are carried out for both linear and nonlinear fracture models of the crack under electrically impermeable boundary conditions. The influence of the crack orientation and geometric size on the fracture behaviors of the crack is investigated.

Antiplane Shear Crack Normal to and Terminating at the Interface of Two Bonded Piezo-Electro-Magneto-Elastic Materials

The magnetoelectroelastic analysis of two bonded dissimilar piezo-electro-magneto-elastic ceramics with a crack perpendicular to and terminating at the interface is made. By using the Fourier integral transform (in perpendicular directions in each materials), the mixed boundary conditions and continuity conditions are transformed to a singular integral equation with generalized Cauchy kernel, the solution of which has been well studied, and classical methods are directly applicable here to obtain the closed form solution. The results are presented for a permeable crack under anti-plane shear loading and in-plane electric and magnetic loadings, as prescribed electric displacement and magnetic inductions or electric and magnetic fields. Obtained results indicate that the magnetoelectroelastic field near the crack tip in the homogeneous PEMO-elastic ceramic is dominated by a traditional inverse square-root singularity, while the coupled field near the crack tip at the interface exhibits the singularity of power law , being distant from the interface crack tip and depending on the material constants of a bimaterial. In particular, electric and magnetic fields have no singularity at the crack tip in a homogeneous solid, whereas they are singular around the interface crack tip. Numerical results are given graphically to show the effects of the material properties on the singularity order, field intensity factors and energy release rates. Results presented in this paper should have potential applications to the design of multilayered magnetoelectroelastic structures.

Interaction between a Screw Dislocation Located in Strained Reinforcement Layer and a Lip-Shaped Crack

The paper is aim to investigate the interaction of a screw dislocation in strained reinforcement with a lip-shaped crack under remote longitudinal shear load using complex variable method of Elasticity. The exact solution of complex function of the matrix and the renforcement layer are obtain in series form; then, the expressions of stress field, image force and stress intensity factor of crack tip can be derived; finally, numerical disccusions are pesented and the results shows that the lip-shaped crack in reinforcement layer has interference effect on the interaction of dislocation and reinforcement layer, and the eigenstrain in x-direction has little effect on image force; however, the eigenstrain in y-direction has great influence on image force.

Dynamic fracture analysis of an annular interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers

Transient response of an annular interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers under impacts is investigated. On the crack surface, magnetoelectrically impermeable boundary condition is adopted. Using Laplace and Hankel transform techniques, the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations. The integral equations are further reduced to a system of algebraic equations with the aid of Jacobi polynomials. The dynamic field intensity factor and dynamic energy release rate are determined. Numerical results reveal the effects of electric or magnetic loadings and material parameters of composite on crack propagation and growth.

Exact Solution for an Anti-Plane Interface Crack between Two Dissimilar Magneto-Electro-Elastic Half-Spaces

This paper investigated the fracture behaviour of a piezo-electro-magneto-elastic medium subjected to electro-magneto-mechanical loads. The bimaterial medium contains a crack which lies at interface and is parallel to their poling direction. Fourier transform technique is used to reduce the problem to three pairs of dual integral equations. These equations are solved exactly. The semipermeable crack-face magneto-electric boundary conditions are utilized. Field intensity factors of stress, electric displacement, magnetic induction, cracks displacement, electric and magnetic potentials, and the energy release rate are determined. The electric displacement and magnetic induction of crack interior are discussed. Obtained results indicate that the stress field and electric and magnetic fields near the crack tips exhibit square-root singularity.

Three-dimensional extended displacement discontinuity method for vertical cracks in transversely isotropic piezoelectric media

Abstract The conventional displacement discontinuity method is extended to study a vertical crack under electrically impermeable condition, running parallel to the poling direction and normal to the plane of isotropy in three-dimensional transversely isotropic piezoelectric media. The extended Green's functions specifically for extended point displacement discontinuities are derived based on the Green's functions of extended point forces and the Somigliana identity. The hyper-singular displacement discontinuity boundary integral equations are also derived. The asymptotical behavior near the crack tips along the crack front is studied and the ordinary 1/2 singularity is obtained at the tips. The extended field intensity factors are expressed in terms of the extended displacement discontinuity on crack faces. Numerical results on the extended field intensity factors for a vertical square crack are presented using the proposed extended displacement discontinuity method.

Transient response of an annular interfacial crack between dissimilar piezoelectric layers under mechanical and electrical impacts

AbstractThe dynamic response of an annular interfacial crack between dissimilar piezoelectric layers subjected to mechanical and electrical impact loadings is investigated. Laplace and Hankel transforms are employed to reduce the mixed boundary value problem to Cauchy singular integral equations. The integral equations are further reduced to a system of algebraic equations with the aid of Jacobi polynomials. The dynamic field intensity factors and dynamic energy release rates are determined. Numerical results reveal the effects of crack configuration, electrical impact loading on crack propagation, and growth.

Thermoelectroelastic Solution for Edge Cracks Originating from an Elliptical Hole in a Piezoelectric Solid

Thermoelectroelastic solution is derived for the generalized two-dimensional problem of edge cracks originating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric solid based on complex variable method. First, the heat complex function is solved, and then the expressions for the complex potentials and field intensity factors are presented under the electrically impermeable boundary condition. Numerical analysis is also made to discuss the influences of crack length and heat flux on the electroelastic fields and fields intensity factors. It is found that the heat flux has great effect on the stress intensity factors for the mode II cracks, but its influence on the stress intensity factors for the mode I cracks and the intensity factors of electric displacements is not significant.

Two‐dimensional analysis of a crack in quasicrystal materials

AbstractThe two‐dimensional problem of a crack in three‐dimensional quasicrystals subject to far field loadings is studied. The analysis is based on the generalized Lekhnitskii's formalism. The analytical expressions for both the entire fields and the asymptotic fields near the crack tip are determined. The fracture quantities of quasicrystals, i.e., field intensity factors, energy release rates and so on, is a prerequisite. Numerical results for a Griffith crack under phason loading Mode I and II conditions are poltted. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Exact solutions of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in piezoelectric strip

Using the complex variable function method and the conformal mapping technique, the fracture problem of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load on the partial crack surface. Analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are derived under the assumption that the surfaces of the crack are electrically impermeable. The results can be reduced to the well-known solutions for a purely elastic material in the absence of an electric load. Moreover, when the distance between the two crack tips tends to infinity, analytic solutions of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip can be obtained. Numerical examples are given to show the influence of the loaded crack length, the height of the strip, the distance between the two crack tips, and the applied mechanical/electric loads on the mechanical strain energy release rate. It is shown that the material is easier to fail when the distance between two crack tips becomes shorter, and the mechanical/electric loads have greater influence on the propagation of the left crack than those of the right one.

Dielectric crack problem for a magnetoelectroelastic strip with functionally graded properties

The paper presents a fracture analysis for an electromagnetically dielectric crack in a functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic strip. It is considered that the material properties are varying exponentially along the width direction. Under the assumption of the in-plane magneto-electro-mechanical loadings, the dielectric crack is simulated by using the semi-permeable crack-face boundary conditions. The Fourier transform technique is applied to solve the boundary-value problem and four coupling singular integral equations are determined. A nonlinear system of algebraic equations is further derived and solved numerically to determine the electromagnetic field inside the crack. Then the field intensity factors of stress, electric displacement, and magnetic induction are given. Through the numerical computations, the effects of the material non-homogeneity and the permeability of crack interior on the electric displacement and the magnetic induction at the crack faces are studied. The variations of the intensity factors of stress, electric displacement, and magnetic induction versus the geometry of the crack, the strip width, and the material non-homogeneity are presented in graphics respectively.

Fracture behavior of two non-symmetrical collinear cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric material

Based on the Stroh-type formalism and the technique of conformal mapping, the problem of two nonsymmetrical collinear cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric solid is investigated under remotely uniform in-plane electric loading and anti-plane mechanical loading, which allowed us to take the electric field inside the hole and cracks into account. The analytical solutions of the field intensity factors and the energy release rate are presented in closed-form, which includes the extreme cases for an impermeable crack and a permeable crack. Numerical results are then presented to reveal the effects of geometrical parameters, crack permeability and combined mechanical and electric loadings on the energy release rate.

An annular interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers

A flat annular interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers subjectedto magnetoelectroelastic loads is investigated under the boundary condition ofmagnetoelectrically impermeability on the crack surface. Using the Hankel transformtechnique, the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a system of singular integralequations. The integral equations are further reduced to a system of algebraic equationswith the aid of Jacobi polynomials. The field intensity factor and energy release rate aredetermined. Numerical results reveal the effects of electric or magnetic loadings andmaterial parameters of composites on crack propagation and growth. The results seemuseful for the design of magnetoelectroelastic composite structures and devices of highperformance.

Dynamic fracture behavior of functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic solids by BIEM

Dynamic anti-plane fracture problem of an exponentially graded linear magnetoelectroelastic plane with a finite impermeable crack subjected to time-harmonic SH-waves is solved. Directions of wave propagation and material inhomogeneity are chosen in an arbitrary way. The fundamental solution for the coupled system of partial differential equations with variable coefficients is derived in a closed form by the hybrid usage of both an appropriate algebraic transformation for the displacement vector and the Radon transform. The formulated boundary-value problem is solved by a nonhypersingular traction boundary integral equation method (BIEM). The collocation method and parabolic approximation for the unknown generalized crack opening displacements are used for the numerical solution of the posed problem. Quarter point elements placed next to the crack-tips ensure properly modeling the singular behavior of the field variables around the crack tip. Fracture parameters as stress intensity factor, electric field intensity factor and magnetic field intensity factor are computed. Intensive simulations reveal the sensitivity of the generalized intensity factors (GIF) at the crack-tips to the material inhomogeneity, characteristics of the incident wave, coupling effects, wave-material and wave-crack interaction phenomena.

Fracture analysis of plane piezoelectric/piezomagnetic multiphase composites under transient loading

The transient response of cracked composite materials made of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases, when subjected to in-plane magneto-electro-mechanical dynamic loads, is addressed in this paper by means of a mixed boundary element method (BEM) approach. Both the displacement and traction boundary integral equations (BIEs) are used to develop a single-domain formulation. The convolution integrals arising in the time-domain BEM are numerically computed by Lubich’s quadrature, which determines the integration weights from the Laplace transformed fundamental solution and a linear multistep method. The required Laplace-domain fundamental solution is derived by means of the Radon transform in the form of line integrals over a unit circumference. The singular and hypersingular BIEs are numerically evaluated in a precise and efficient manner by a regularization procedure based on a simple change of variable, as previously proposed by the authors for statics. Discontinuous quarter-point elements are used to properly capture the behavior of the extended crack opening displacements (ECOD) around the crack-tip and directly evaluate the field intensity factors (stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction intensity factors) from the computed nodal data. Numerical results are obtained to validate the formulation and illustrate its capabilities. The effect of the combined application of electric, magnetic and mechanical loads on the dynamic field intensity factors is analyzed in detail for several crack configurations under impact loading.

A dielectric crack in a functionally graded piezoelectric layer

Abstract Considering the dielectric effects inside a crack, the problem of an electrically dielectric crack in a functionally graded piezoelectric layer is addressed in this paper. The energetically consistent crack-face boundary conditions are utilized to analyze the effects of a dielectric of crack interior. Applying the Fourier transform technique, the boundary-value problem is reduced to solving three coupling singular equations. Then a system of non-linear algebraic equations is obtained and the field intensity factors along with the energy release rate are given. Numerical results show the differences of the electric displacement inside a crack, the stress and electric displacement intensity factors and the energy release rate using the permeable, impermeable, semi-permeable and energetically consistent boundary conditions respectively. The effects of the material non-homogeneity, the applied electric field and the discharge field of crack interior on the electrostatic traction acting on the crack faces and the energy release rate are further studied through the energetically consistent boundary conditions.

Penny-shaped interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers

A penny-shaped interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers subjected to magnetoelectromechanical loads is investigated, where the magnetoelectrically impermeable crack surface condition is adopted. By using Hankel transform technique, the mixed boundary value problem is firstly reduced to a system of singular integral equations, which are further reduced to a system of algebraic equations. The field intensity factors and energy release rate are finally derived. Numerical results elucidate the effects of crack configuration, electric and/or magnetic loads, and material parameters of the magnetoelectroelastic layers on crack propagation and growth. This work should be useful for the design of magnetoelectroelastic composite structures.