Field In Romania Research Articles

Treasure hunters in Romania at the end of nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth

Treasures hunters, antiques or ancient monuments, during the studied period are the subject of many files from the archives of the Ministry of Cults and Public Instruction, the prefect’s offices, city halls, The National Museum of Antiquities, etc. The analysis of the content of those documents has not been the subject of much research in Romanian historiography, an interpretive void which the present study seeks to fill. Firstly, I will analyse the types of discoveries invoked in the petitions addressed to the legally competent authorities to issue research authorisations, and secondly, I will analyse the discourse used in the discoverers’ applications including all the sensational elements that made a discovery spark the interest of the authorities. These initiatives underlie the development of the archaeological field in Romania, one of the author’s main research topic in the last years trying to decipher the conceptions, methods of archaeological research in Romania, and the development of the museum network, as well as the capitalisation of these discoveries.

Feasibility of borehole ambient noise interferometry for permanent reservoir monitoring

ABSTRACTThe analysis of seismic ambient noise acquired during temporary or permanent microseismic monitoring campaigns (e.g., improved/enhanced oil recovery monitoring, surveillance of induced seismicity) is potentially well suited for time‐lapse studies based on seismic interferometry. No additional data acquisition required, ambient noise processing can be automatized to a high degree, and seismic interferometry is very sensitive to small medium changes. Thus there is an opportunity for detection and monitoring of velocity variations in a reservoir at negligible additional cost and effort.Data and results are presented from an ambient noise interferometry study applied to two wells in a producing oil field in Romania. Borehole microseismic monitoring on three component geophones was performed for four weeks, concurrent with a water‐flooding phase for improved oil recovery from a reservoir in ca. 1 km depth. Both low‐frequency (2 Hz–50 Hz) P‐ and S‐waves propagating through the vertical borehole arrays were reconstructed from ambient noise by the virtual source method. The obtained interferograms clearly indicate an origin of the ambient seismic energy from above the arrays, thus suggesting surface activities as sources. It is shown that ambient noise from time periods as short as 30 seconds is sufficient to obtain robust interferograms. Sonic log data confirm that the vertical and horizontal components comprise first arrivals of P‐wave and S‐waves, respectively. The consistency and high quality of the interferograms throughout the entire observation period further indicate that the high‐frequency part (up to 100 Hz) represents the scattered wave field. The temporal variation of apparent velocities based on first‐arrival times partly correlates with the water injection rate and occurrence of microseismic events. It is concluded that borehole ambient noise interferometry in production settings is a potentially useful method for permanent reservoir monitoring due to its high sensitivity and robustness.

The Current Experience and Training of Romanian Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Professionals

The study is about history of health and safety legislation in Romania, about European tools, empowerment procedures, organisations and association in the field. It`s an overview about European tools to allow people free movements all around European Union (EU). The study presents tools which identifies the fundamental skills, the most important abilities and knowledge that people would need to be recognised, in order to allow free movements all around European employment market. The study is about possibilities to be voluntary recognised as a health and safety professionals across EU and why not, around the world. It`s a brief list of ways of transfer and recognition of learning experiences in Europe, including vocational education and training, for a better understanding of qualifications from different EU countries. The research presents ENSHPO (The European Network of Safety & Health Professional Organisations) and EUSAFE (European project) voluntary certification procedures for occupational health and safety professionals (OHS) and where the Romanian practitioners are placed, if their qualifications could be recognised through Europe. The research presents the necessary characteristics for a well developed profession, as mentioned by Ferguson & Ramsay [1] and also presents IOSH, the most valuable health and safety professional association and the necessary steps for Romanian OHS practitioners to build a strong association. IOSH is the model of a profession and Romanian practitioners could learn to become Charted Members. The European Union single market - as well as the increasing number of companies operating across Europe that are applying a consistent set of safety and health standards to their work sites - has created a great need for safety and health managers with credentials that are recognised at a Pan-European level. The absence of a harmonised, agreed system for the mutual recognition of safety & health qualifications at a European level creates uncertainty about professional competence across countries within Europe and may create problems for multinational companies in the effective use of their safety and health expertise. It also forms a barrier for safety and health professionals wishing to offer their services across the EU. Knowing their training level is necessary to determine the training needs of OHS practitioners, now that Romania has joined the EU in order to allow free movement of the work force. Knowing where to start and what needs to be improved, will allow the Romanian practitioners to be just as good and compete with their European colleagues. The study will show which of the Romanian empowerment procedures was better, with or without examinations and if this examination procedures make them better ones. The research is part of a study that aims to thoroughly analyze the transformation in the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) field in Romania following the major political, economic, social and cultural transformations that are necessary in the context of Romania`s accession to the European Union. The research evaluates the current experience and training needs of Romanian OHS professionals. A review of the changes in the legislation and qualification requirements in Romania will be presented and placed into the context of European legislation and standards.

Biology and field host range of Ceutorhynchus cardariae, a potential biological control agent for Lepidium draba

AbstractLepidium draba (Brassicaceae) is a clonal herb, originating from Eurasia, which is invasive in North America. A classical biological control project was initiated in 2001, and the gall‐forming weevil Ceutorhynchus cardariae was prioritized as a candidate agent. We studied its biology and field host range between 2003 and 2014 in the laboratory and a common garden in Switzerland and in the field in Romania. Ceutorhynchus cardariae is a univoltine to bivoltine species. In Switzerland, oviposition usually started at the beginning of March and can occur at temperatures as low as 2.5°C. Galls are formed on stems, leaf stalks and midribs of L. draba rosettes and bolting plants. Gall size increased with an increasing number of larvae per gall. The three larval instars feed inside the galls and leave the plant to pupate in the soil once mature. In Switzerland, development from egg to adult took about 12 weeks in spring. Adults emerged from May to July. After a brief feeding period, adults aestivate. From late summer, feeding recommenced and females may oviposit, forming a partial second generation. Eggs and all larval instars can be found in galls throughout winter. The rate of larval ectoparasitism reached 78%, while endoparasitism was low with a maximum of 2.3%. Lepidium draba populations differed in their suitability for development (number of C. cardariae produced), indicating that effectiveness of C. cardariae – in case released – may be variable. In the field, we observed that gall formation by C. cardariae can severely stunt or even kill shoots. Investigations on the field host range of C. cardariae indicated that only the closely related Lepidium campestre may act as an alternative host for the weevil in Europe. Host‐specificity tests are underway to determine its environmental safety before field release in North America is being considered.

Professional Career Planning - Practice and Results

There are a number of factors that can put an emphasis on individual career plan, functioning as elements of insight and understanding of development needs, and understanding of others. A successful career management must take into account a number of clearly defined objectives focused on a policy based on an evaluation plan of employees, identifying their needs, identifying and retaining the best employees or those with the most effective prospects, providing training and development for employees, etc. However, the highest percentage in identifying the best potential in an employee is up to the employee himself, who often expects the organization to take all steps necessary to achieve his needs, but without making any effort on his own. The individual must be aware of his skills, professional knowledge, strengths and weaknesses, the needs and values of present and future, but also the long-term professional goals. The study in an enterprise from the energy field in Romania with regard to career planning was an attempt to find a way to shape a career plan according to the organization. For this a questionnaire was applied structured in four dimensions: employment situation in which the employee is, preparedness for change and personality traits. Participants in the study believe that self-management of interpersonal relationships, professional achievement and commitment are very important features in the development of their career, even if more than 50% ask about their current situation in the company, regardless of hierarchical position occupied. Moreover, an important share of employees are able to manage change, if the circumstances are appropriate, in addition to personality traits suitable for making changes because over 60% of them are extroverted, realistic, pragmatic and dominant.

The Current Context and Future Trends of the Photovoltaic Business Models in Central and Eastern Europe: Case Study—Romania

The evolution of the PV industry has represented one of the main focus points of economic and political debates and research of the last ten years in Europe. However, these discussions have only presented general aspects of the industry development and accomplishments with little information about the companies’ actual practices. The present study aims to inquire the PV field in Romania further, by researching the currently implemented and the future business models of firms producing solar energy. Using the Delphi method based on questionnaires and interviews with experts of this field, this paper shows the key elements of business models in the PV field that reflect the companies’ practices and future trends and expectations regarding the internal activity of the firm and the environmental changes from the external environment of the company, which influence the directions of the PV domain. The relevance of this study is based on the importance of the applied PV business model elements in order to ensure the survival and expansion of the company in a dynamic field that faces continuous legal, economic and technological changes and challenges. The results of this study have some directions that could be applied in most of the European countries where the PV industry is developing.

Constraints and Shortcomings in the Development of Marketing Professionals in Romania

Marketing is an emerging field in Romania, confronted with numerous challenges regarding professionals’ development, despite the increasing interest of students for marketing profile faculties.This paper regards 3 different perspectives – of employers, students, and professors – acquired through qualitative methods, on the topmost attributes and competencies required for a productive marketing professional and the main hindrances in career progress, which report several issues concerning major gaps between the 3 views, but also inside the employers’ perspective. This research is a step forward for the macro system career management, but it also highlights some aspects of how human resources requirements shift in high emerging domains.

Developing Business Ethics as an Academic Field in Romania

This article introduces a number of important issues regarding ethical behavior and practices in small and medium enterprises in Romania in relation to the development of business ethics as an academic field. As a starting point, a research project was formed from the results of an online survey conducted within 850 companies, illustrating managerś general perceptions related to the most important factors that influence ethical practices in Romanian companies. Since two of the most common answer options were: (a) managers’ conduct and their personal values and (b) employees’ features: level of education and professional expertise; the second section of this paper will analyze the response of the academic field regarding this need. Based on the premise that today's students will be tomorrow's managers and employees, this study is intended to produce a deeper understanding of the role of moral character in Economic activity, as well as to identify ways in which moral character development can be promoted. Thereby, this paper analyzes if Romanian universities have settled, as an educational target, the development of moral reasoning and behavior of their students.

Building Bridges between the Romanian National Curriculum for Elementary Students and the Global Context

Today's schools need to educate for the future more than ever before, as the world's challenges and opportunities become more compelling. With this regard, we should provide the students with opportunities for learning about issues that have local, national and global significance, leading to an understanding of human commonalities and empowering them to take thoughtful action. In this respect, the aim of this article is to show to what extent the Romanian national curricula for primary students, through its objectives and themes, foster the development of global citizenship. Unfortunately, a curriculum for global citizenship has not been developed yet in Romania, but we can identify some aspects in the curricula of various subject areas or disciplines. Education for global citizenship needs to be based on resources, material and learning engagements that encourage the students to ask questions, argue effectively, use critical thinking and reflection in an attempt to ultimately link learning to their own lives. The Romanian curricula for primary students offer some support in this sense through themes such as empathy for other human beings, respect and appreciation for human dignity. Moreover, humanitarian values and attitudes, the development of a sense of identity and the acquisition of knowledge about local, national and international institutions, good governance, rule of law, democratic processes, civil society and participation are supported. Our research also shows that the Romanian curricula support the development of life skills, including intra-personal skills such as emotional awareness, and inter-personal skills such as communication, cooperation, problem-solving, conflict resolution and advocacy. The conclusion of our research shows that the educational field in Romania needs to be more concerned with creating the right ethos and climate within the school as well as with empowering the students to take responsible action.

Summary of the 6th Conference of the Romanian Association of Medical Laboratories with International Participation

The Romanian Association of Medical Laboratories (RAML) conferences have acquired a reputation for standing out as the most prominent and efficient meetings in the national community of laboratory medicine, being a landmark of the development in this field in Romania and an active affiliation to international forums. This year, the conference setting was Piatra Neamt, in the northeast part of Romania, which produced a friendly and stimulating professional environment. As in previous years, leading experts in the fields of laboratory medicine attended the event. This year, we enjoyed the opportunity to have such distinguished guests as the members of the executive board of International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC); Graham Beastall, IFCC President; Päivi Hannele Laitinen, IFCC secretary; and Grazyna Sypniewska, IFCC Communication and Publication Division, and editor of the electronic journal of the IFCC. As usual, the conference program included all aspects of clinical laboratory activity, with a special focus on technology development, instrumentation and laboratory management. Fully aware of the fact that the complexity and depth of laboratory practice have undergone an impressive and rapid evolution, the specific goals of the event were to increase knowledge in the fundamentals of new molecular investigation, areas which show the tendency to become routine in our daily activity. In addition, laboratory management and the place of medical laboratories in the process of translational medicine were subjects of focus. The 6th Conference of the Romanian Association of Medical Laboratories was held from Wednesday 1st to Saturday 4th of June 2011. A total of 273 participants from all local branches of the Association attended. The scientific program included seven plenary sessions where 22 lectures and 18 short communications were delivered, and three poster sessions with 44 poster presentations. Session topics covered issues of laboratory diagnostics in hematology, biochemistry, immunology, oncology, microbiology and metabolic diseases. A prominent consideration was given to value added to laboratory medicine in the frame of managed care and quality management. The Conference was accompanied by a laboratory equipment and reagents exhibition with the participation of nine companies, also sponsors of the conference. Three workshops pointed out the presence of the most well known of them: Abbott, Roche and Nobis.

A Strategic Marketing Management Approach Of The Relationship Between Companies On B2B Field In Romania And Their Suppliers

The main objective of this paper is to identify a conceptual model to integrate the strategic marketing management instruments in the relationship between the organization on the B2B market in Romania and its suppliers. In order to be able to see the way in which the conceptual model of integration of strategic marketing in the relationship with suppliers can be applied by Romanian companies on B2B field, a quantitative research has been undertaken, having as main objectives to identify which are the main criteria used by organizations in segmenting, targeting and positioning their suppliers and also to identify what type of relationship exists between companies in the B2B field in Romania and their main suppliers. The whole marketing theory resides on the idea of customer and market orientation, and starting from this the concept organizations are as successful as much as they adapt their reactions to the evolutions and changes in the marketing environment. As a consequence to this the marketing theory developed by placing in the centre of its scientific methodology and instruments the market and the relationship of the company with its customers. Our research, has led us to the conclusion that, especially on B2B markets, organizations focus their marketing activities not only on the relationship with their customers, but on the relationship with their suppliers as well. In the supply chain, companies appear as buyers and also as clients for the suppliers of goods, financial resources and of work force. The classical model that describes the relationship of a company with its suppliers presents the acquiring company as a “passive” one, the “active” role being the one of the supplier for which the buying organization appears like customer. Although in numerous occasions the buying company has an “active” role, thus being able to discuss about a different strategic approach (an active one).

Multinational Companies - Between Restructuring and Transfer Pricing

Under the current circumstances of globalised economic activities, the fiscal optimization techniques and methods are inevitably correlated with the fiscal regime of the transfer pricing that are a hot topic but also susceptible to raise contradictory opinions. Starting from these assumptions, this paper makes a selective analysis of the fiscal regulations in this field in Romania by focusing on decrypting controversial legislative aspects that are consequently interpretable. In compliance with the global trend, the Romanian legislation regarding the transfer pricing was modified in February 2008 with specific requirements regarding the contents of the file of the transfer pricing that the Romanian tax- payers that pay their tax on profit and do transactions with affiliated persons must prepare and have available in case of fiscal inspections. The purpose of the file including relevant documentation for the transfer pricing is to reflect how the prices have been established by the taxpayer during the transactions carried out with affiliated persons and to prove that they have been established in compliance with the fairness principle. The legislation regarding the transfer pricing in Romania is one of the most intricate in this region and it clearly mentions the express obligation of the taxpayers doing intra-group transactions to make and submit a file of the transfer pricing upon demand of the fiscal authorities.

Nanoscale Science and Engineering in Romania

In spite of difficult working conditions and with very low financial support, many groups from Romania are involved in emerging fields, such as the nanoscale science and technology. Until the last years, this activity was developed without a central coordination and without many interactions between these research groups. In the year 2000, some of the institutes and universities active in the nanotechnology field in Romania founded the MICRONANOTECH network. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the main activities and results of the Romanian groups working in this novel domain. Most of the groups are deal with the nanomaterial technology and only few of them have activities in nanostructure science and engineering, in new concepts and device modeling and technology. This paper describes the nanotechnology research development in two of the most significant institutes from Romania: Centre for Nanotechnologies from National Institute for Research and Development in Microtehnologies (IMT-Bucharest) and from National Institute for Research and Development in Materials Physics (INCD-FM), Magurele. The Romanian research results in nanotechnology field were presented in numerous papers presented in international conferences or published in national and international journals. They are also presented in patents, international awards and fellowships. The research effort and financial support are outlined. Some future trends of the Romanian nanoscale science and technology research are also described.

New Data on Geology and Oil and Gas Prospects of the Ukrainian Carpathians

The western region of the Ukraine occupies the Carpathian and the Volyn-Podolia hydrocarbon provinces in which 81 oil and gas fields have been discovered. Seventy-four of these are concentrated in the pre-Carpathian foredeep. Drilling of deep and superdeep wells, yielding a lot of geological information, resulted in the discovery of only five accumulations in the depth range of 4-7 km. Evaluation of zones lacking discoveries demands a new exploration approach. This concerns mainly the Carpathians, where allochthonous and underthrusted units and the Paleozoic sedimentary cover of the autochthonous foreland platform are recognized. Tectonic transport of the Carpathian nappes onto the European platform is about 30 km in Poland and 35 km in the southeastern Ukraine. The prospectivity of the autochthonous series is highlighted by the Lopushnya oil field in the Bukovinian part of the Carpathians, the Frasyn field in Romania, 19 fields in Czechoslovakia, and 11 fields in Poland. In these accumulations, flysch nappes play the role of a regional seal. In the allochthonous Carpathian flysch, plays are related to the Lower Cretaceous and Paleogene Scybian and the Paleogene Krosnian zones. In the Scybian zone, commercial flow rates of gas were obtained in the Grinyava well from Oligocene sediments belowmore » the Black Mountain nappe. In the Shevchenkovo well, Lower Cretaceous sands yielded gas shows and water influx at depths of 6930-6990 m, thus giving evidence for reservoir development at great depths. Because allochthonous, multikilometer thrusts act as cap rocks, plays are aimed mainly at parautochthonous units. The Borislav-Pokutian zone of the pre-Carpathian foredeep holds, despite considerable past exploration activity, the potential for significant future discoveries in lower elements of the Carpathian parautochthonous units, as indicated by oil recoveries from depths of 5740-5796 m.« less

Expert Intermediaries and Legal Compliance: The Case of Tax Preparers

EPERTS are regularly called on for advice on legal matters. Yet little is known either about when such advice is sought or about the expert's influence on compliance with the law. As lawyers are the primary source of expert legal advice, legal scholars have been particularly attentive to the effects of legal advice on behavior but have had difficulty moving beyond speculation. Heinz observed: "To provide any reasonable definite answers to questions posed concerning the influence of lawyers ... one would need to have some measures of the nature of the relationships and interaction between lawyers and clients, including indices of lawyer influence."' Shavell recently analyzed the decision to consult a lawyer and the effect of the lawyer on legal compliance, but his focus was entirely theoretical.2 In this article, we assemble the empirical evidence urged by Heinz for one prominent area of legal compliance in which expert advice is commonly sought-tax-return preparation. We use the evidence to analyze both theoretically and empirically the types of tax-

The effect of solar activity on the secular variation of the geomagnetic field in Romania

The 11-year solar cycle effect in the geomagnetic components H and Z is made clear for Surlari Observatory and 19 repeat stations for the interval 1952–1974. The correlation with Wolf number and its time derivative is discussed in terms of the effects of the external and induced current systems. The H ̇ data available for solar cycle 20 (1964–1976) were processed to give the geographical distribution of the secular variation impulse for epoch 1969.5 in Romania. It is suggested that this distribution might reflect the deep internal structure of the area considered. A qualitative correlation is noted between long-period solar activity and variation of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field at some repeat stations.