Field Of Medicine Research Articles

Hydrogel Encapsulation Techniques and Its Clinical Applications in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic Review.

Hydrogel encapsulation is a promising carrier for cell and drug delivery due to its ability to protect the encapsulated entities from harsh physiological conditions and enhance their therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. However, there is not yet consensus on the optimal hydrogel type, encapsulation method, and clinical application. Therefore, a systematic review of hydrogel encapsulation techniques and their potential for clinical application is needed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview. In this systematic review, we searched electronic databases for articles published between 2008 and 2023 that described the encapsulation of cells or drug molecules within hydrogels. Herein, we identified 9 relevant studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study. Our analysis revealed that the physicochemical properties of the hydrogel, such as its porosity, swelling behavior, and degradation rate, play a critical role in the encapsulation of cells or drug molecules. Furthermore, the encapsulation method, including physical, chemical, or biological methods, can affect the encapsulated entities' stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. Challenges of hydrogel encapsulation include poor control over the release of encapsulated entities, limited shelf life, and potential immune responses. Future directions of hydrogel encapsulation include the development of novel hydrogel and encapsulation methods and the integration of hydrogel encapsulation with other technologies, such as 3D printing and gene editing. In conclusion, this review is useful for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers who are interested in this field of drug delivery and regenerative medicine that can serve as a guide for the future development of novel technologies that can be applied into clinical practice.

Nanoplasmonic Single-Tumoroid Microarray for Real-Time Secretion Analysis.

Organoid tumor models have emerged as a powerful tool in the fields of biology and medicine as such 3D structures grown from tumor cells recapitulate better tumor characteristics, making these tumoroids unique for personalized cancer research. Assessment of their functional behavior, particularly protein secretion, is of significant importance to provide comprehensive insights. Here, a label-free spectroscopic imaging platform is presented with advanced integrated optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor that enables real-time secretion analysis from single tumoroids. A novel two-layer microwell design isolates tumoroids, preventing signal interference, and the microarray configuration allows concurrent analysis of multiple tumoroids. The dual imaging capability combining time-lapse plasmonic spectroscopy and bright-field microscopy facilitates simultaneous observation of secretion dynamics, motility, and morphology. The integrated biosensor is demonstrated with colorectal tumoroids derived from both cell lines and patient samples to investigate their vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) secretion, growth, and movement under various conditions, including normoxia, hypoxia, and drug treatment. This platform, by offering a label-free approach with nanophotonics to monitor tumoroids, can pave the way for new applications in fundamental biological studies, drug screening, and the development of therapies.

Host-Guest Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Long-Afterglow Luminescence Materials.

Long-afterglow materials have a broad of applications in optoelectronic devices, sensors, medicine and other fields due to their excellent luminescent properties. The host-guest long-afterglow MOFs material combines the advantages of multi-component characteristics and the stability of MOFs, which improves its luminous performance and expands its other properties. This review introduces the classification, synthesis and application of host-guest MOFs materials with long afterglow. Due to their rigid frames and multi-channel characteristics, MOFs can load common guest materials including rare earth metals, organic dyes, carbon dots, etc. The synthesis methods of loading guest materials into MOFs include solvothermal synthesis, post-encapsulation, post-modification, etc. Those long-afterglow host-guest MOFs have a wide range of applications in the fields of sensors, information security and biological imaging.

Causal histories of psychological factors and cancer: from psychosomatic medicine to neuroimmunomodulation.

Establishing causal relationships is essential in biology and medicine. However, various notions of causality have been operationalized at different times in various fields of the life and health sciences. While this is expected from a history or sociology of science point of view, as different accounts may correspond to what is valued in terms of establishing causal relationship at different times as well as in different fields of biology and medicine, this may come as a surprise for a present-day actor in those fields. If, over time, causal accounts have not been fully dismissed, then they are likely to invite to some form of, potentially salutary, explanatory pluralism. In the decades following WWII, psychosomatic medicine could propose that psychological factors cause somatic diseases. But today, most of medicine has to meet the standard of a randomized clinical trial before any causal relationship can be proposed. Instead, in biology, mechanisms seem to be the most-valued causal discourse to explain how phenomena of interest are brought about. Here, the focus will be on how psychoneuroimmunology, an interdisciplinary research field addressing interactions between the nervous system and immune system, and between behavior and health, has considered causal relationships between psychological factors and cancer. When it comes to causal explanations of links between psychological factors and cancer, psychoneuroimmunology is invited to consider the question of the directionality of these links as well as what and how factors causally contribute to cancer.

Computational Investigation about the Effects of Solvent Polarity and Chalcogen Element Electronegativity on ESIPT Behaviors for the Et2N-Substituted Flavonoid.

Inspired by the outstanding nature of flavonoid derivatives in the fields of chemistry and medicine, in this work we mainly focus on exploring the photo-induced properties of the novel Et2N-substituted flavonoid (ENF) fluorophore theoretically. Considering the potential photo-induced properties in different solvents and the chalcogen atomic electronegativity-associated photoexcitation, by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods we primarily explore the intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions and photo-induced charge redistribution behaviors. Via comparing geometrical data and the infrared (IR) spectral shifts-associated hydroxy moiety of ENF, we confirm that the intramolecular hydrogen bond O-H···O should be enhanced with facilitating an excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) reaction. Particularly, the charge reorganization around hydrogen bonding moieties further reveals the tendency of ESIPT behavior. Combined with the construction of the potential energy surface and the search for reaction transition states, we finally confirmed the solvent-polarity-regulated behaviors as well as the chalcogen elements' electronegativity-dependent ESIPT mechanisms for the ENF fluorophore. We sincerely wish our work could accelerate the further development and applications of flavonoid derivatives.

WITHDRAWN: Molecular dynamics calculations on the Glass temperature and crystallization process of AgAu alloy

In this paper, the molecular dynamics (MD) model is used to study the glass temperature and crystallization process of AgAu alloy under the influence of several factors such as heating rate, atomic number, temperature, annealing time on structural shape, number of structural units, phase transition, and crystallization process. The results show that using the Sutton-Chen (SC) embedded interaction force field and periodic boundary conditions achieved results that are completely consistent with previous results. When increasing the number of atoms and annealing time, the crystallization process increases, and when increasing the heating rate and temperature, the crystallization process decreases. The result of the phase transition is shown when a decrease in temperature leads to increased crystallization and the material changes from a liquid state to a crystalline or amorphous state. The crystallization process is expressed through the number of structural units face-centered cubic (FCC), hexagonal close-packed (HCP), body-centered cubic (BCC), amorphous (Amor), surface shape, radial distribution function (RDF), size (l) and total energy of the system (Etot). When changing the factors that lead to the height of the radial distribution function of the Ag-Au link changing greatly, the length of the Ag-Au link has a very small change in value and is almost constant with rAg-Au = 2.78 Å, when increasing the annealing time, the link length increases to 2.88 Å, and when increasing the heating rate, the link length decreases to 2.68 Å. In addition, successfully determined the glass temperature with AgAu alloy with a 50% Au doping concentration of 535 K. The results obtained with AgAu alloy can be used as a basis for future experimental studies to research and manufacture biosensors for applications in the fields of science, engineering, biology, and medicine.

Non-enzymatic methods for isolation of stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cells: A systematic review.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions. Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs, lengthy processing time, and regu-latory complexities. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of non-enzymatic, mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs, comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue. The risk of bias was assessed, and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation, vortexing, and ultrasonic cavitation. The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability, and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures. Despite some advantages of mechanical methods, including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents, the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation. Non-enzymatic, mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs, potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles. However, further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent, high-quality cell yields for clinical applications. The development of efficient, safe, and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.

Evaluation of the Attitude of Medical Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University toward Professionalism in the Year 2021 During the Covid-19 Crisis

Introduction: Professionalism is a crucial aspect of the medical profession, encompassing the commitment to perform professional responsibilities and a correct understanding of the ethical and legal aspects of the profession. The attitude towards professionalism is the basis of the formation of behaviors in the field of medicine. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude of medical students toward professionalism during the COVID-19 crisis. Method: This study is a descriptive and analytical study conducted on 100 medical interns of Jundishapur University of Ahvaz during the Corona crisis. The data collection tool was the Penn State questionnaire on professionalism. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, Binomial non-parametric multiple regression, and Chi-square test. A significance level of less than 0.05 is considered. Results: The results showed that 70% of the students had a positive and high attitude towards professionalism. The most crucial aspect of professionalism is the dimension of respect, which has the highest frequency at 89%. Multiple regression analysis by step-by-step method showed that gender and marriage variables are not significant and only age is significant. So professionalism decreases by .03 units with an increase in age. Conclusion: The high level of professionalism in medical interns is a positive finding of this study. However, the direct relationship between age and professionalism is a concerning issue. Therefore, it is recommended that studies should be conducted to reduce the factors affecting professionalism during education.

Genetic knowledge and attitudes towards genetic testing among final-year medical students at a public university in Ecuador.

Genetics plays a crucial role in the field of medicine, offering numerous applications. However, health professionals often have insufficient knowledge in this area. Therefore, it is essential to provide appropriate genetics education during university studies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards genetic testing among final-year medical students at a public university in Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving final-year medical students from a public university in Ecuador. The third version of the Genetic Literacy and Attitudes Survey was administered between April and May 2022. The study examined sociodemographic characteristics, genetic knowledge, and attitudes towards genetic testing. The study included 153 medical students, of which 58.2% identified as female. Most participants fell within the age range of 22 to 25 years old (85.0%). Regarding genetic knowledge, three-quarters of the participants (75.2%) demonstrated intermediate proficiency, while only 9.80% possessed a high level of knowledge. Attitudes towards the clinical and therapeutic applications of genetics, scientific advancements, access to conventional medicine, and other related topics were found to be appropriate. The findings suggest that most final-year medical students at a public university in Ecuador have intermediate genetic knowledge and hold appropriate attitudes towards genetic testing. However, higher education institutions should conduct a comprehensive analysis and restructure their curricula to better prepare students for the medical and technological challenges of the 21st century.

Identifying and Prioritizing Economic Opportunities for Medical Tourism Management: An Analytic Hierarchy process

Background: As a growing industry, medical tourism includes many economic opportunities. This industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world, with a foreign currency income which is equal to the automotive and military weapons industries. The aim of the current research is to identify and prioritize economic opportunities related to medical tourism management, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a multi-criteria decision-making tool. Methods: This was a descriptive-survey research with an applied and cross-sectional approach. A survey method was used to collect data, so this study can be classified as field research. The statistical population of the research included 25 people with experience and expertise selected through purposive sampling in the fields of management, tourism, and medicine. The method of collecting data was in the form of library and field studies. The tool for collecting data was a questionnaire of paired comparisons and a check sheet. Data analysis was done with AHP method and Expert Choice 11 software. After collecting the paired comparison questionnaire and calculating the geometric mean, the inconsistency rate of the questionnaires was less than 0.1, which showed that the data had the required validity. Results: First, using library studies, economic opportunities related to medical tourism were identified. These opportunities included cash generation, technological advancements, job creation, diversification of tourism industry, development of health care infrastructure, knowledge transfer and cooperation, services and ancillary industries, and regional development and diversification of economic activity. Opportunities were prioritized using the AHP method. Cash generation with relative importance of 0.191 was ranked first, job creation with relative importance of 0.162 was second, and technological advances was ranked third with relative importance of 0.131. Diversification to economic activities with a relative importance of 0.45 was ranked ninth which was the lowest. Conclusion: Strategic marketing, delivering quality healthcare services, competitive pricing, specialized medical care, patient-centered experience, collaboration and partnership, continuous improvement, and strengthening medical tourism infrastructure are the pillars through which medical tourism management can not only generate sustainable revenue but also provide invaluable healthcare services to patients from across the globe.

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MAKING FOREIGN POLICY DECISIONS IN THE UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN WAR

The article considers the application of the artificial intelligence systems as a new tool in making foreign policy decision. The content of the concept of artificial intelligence is studied, the scope of the use of artificial intelligence systems in everyday life and in international relations is studied. It can be noted that AI, as a progressive and rapidly developing technology, has a large set of tools that help people make decisions and increase the efficiency of their work, for example, save time and spent resources to achieve a particular result. With the development of technology, more and more machines with artificial intelligence are used in various areas of life. For example, the field of medicine, mechanical engineering, data analysis, public administration and politics - all these fields are actively developing with using of artificial intelligence technologies. Special attention is paid to how artificial intelligence affects in making decision, event forecasting, and automation of data analysis. The use of artificial intelligence systems in international diplomacy was analyzed. Attention is focused on the weak and strong sides and what risks this technology can carry for foreign policy decisions. The given statistical data show how artificial intelligence is treated in Ukraine. Based on the research, it can be concluded that for the widespread use of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to develop convenient and transparent rules and algorithms, norms for the using of technology and its interaction with people. Summarizing the discussed topic, we will come to the conclusion that artificial intelligence will soon become a powerful tool in international relations, diplomacy, and in other areas of our life, which will bring benefit and a real threat. But in order for the benefit to be greater, it is necessary that the people who will use artificial intelligence be trained and knowledgeable in the technology.

Detection of Covid‐19 disease by using privacy‐aware artificial intelligence system

AbstractCovid‐19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease that spreads quickly between individuals and has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chest x‐ray images, lung computed tomography images, and polymerase chain reaction tests are generally used to diagnose this disease by the doctors. Nevertheless, manual diagnosis of Covid‐19 disease is laborious and requires highly experienced professionals. Therefore, automated systems are always needed to assist doctors in their diagnostic decisions. In the field of medicine and healthcare, artificial intelligence and deep learning currently offer incredibly effective and rapid automatic decision‐support systems. Since sensitive data is used to diagnose Covid‐19, privacy has become a major concern in research that uses artificial intelligence and deep learning. In order to eliminate these issues, this paper proposes a novel deep learning model that privately detects Covid‐19 disease. The proposed model utilizes differential privacy technique to provide data privacy and convolutional neural network to diagnose Covid‐19 disease. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated through experiments conducted on five different datasets, resulting a maximum accuracy rate of 97%.

Dynamic modeling and analysis of viscoelastic hard-magnetic soft actuators with thermal effects

Hard-magnetic soft materials (HMSMs) are a class of magnetoactive smart polymers capable of sustaining a high residual magnetic flux density and can undergo large actuation strains under an external magnetic excitation. Due to these exceptional characteristics, soft actuators based on HMSMs hold enormous potential for remote-controlled applications. The temperature and viscoelasticity considerably influence the performance of these materials during the operation. This work aims to develop an analytical framework for modeling the dynamic behavior of a planar hard-magnetic soft actuators (HMSA) considering temperature and viscoelastic effects. The constitutive behavior of the viscoelastic HMSA is described by employing an incompressible neo-Hookean model in conjunction with a Zener rheological model and the Rayleigh dissipation function. The dynamic governing differential equations of motion are derived by utilizing the non-conservative form of the Euler–Lagrange equation. This study delves into the collective influence of temperature and viscoelastic properties on the stability, periodicity, and resonance characteristics of nonlinear vibrations exhibited by HMSM-based planar actuator subjected to dynamic magnetic loading, presenting the findings through time-history responses, Poincaré maps, and phase-plane plots. The presented results can help in the efficient and robust design of HMSM-based actuators and can also serve as an initial step toward the development of advanced actuators exposed to dynamic loading under variable temperatures for diverse applications in the fields of engineering and medicine.

Molecular causality in the advent of foundation models.

Correlation is not causation: this simple and uncontroversial statement has far-reaching implications. Defining and applying causality in biomedical research has posed significant challenges to the scientific community. In this perspective, we attempt to connect the partly disparate fields of systems biology, causal reasoning, and machine learning to inform future approaches in the field of systems biology and molecular medicine.

Specificity of Higher Professional Inclusive Education in Uzbekistan

At the level of Public Policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan, “on the strategy for the development of new Uzbekistan in 2022-2026”provides for the active involvement of persons with disabilities in the social life of the country. The decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 60 of January 28, 2022 made it a priority to further improve the system of social adaptation of persons with disabilities and the provision of correctional and pedagogical assistance to them. In our republic, positive changes have occurred associated with scientific and practical achievements in the field of Medicine, special education. Technological modernization of higher education is carried out on the basis of the widespread use of Information Technology. To date, the issues of vocational education of young people who need special training and have disabilities are a priority of the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The possibility of obtaining high–quality vocational education, the demand in the labor market allows people with disabilities to improve economic living conditions, overcome labor and social isolation and join public life as actively as possible. It can be said that education is becoming one of the main tools for the rehabilitation of this category of people. In recent years, the modern society of Uzbekistan has demonstrated its readiness to implement new forms of relations with people with disabilities and persons with disabilities within the framework of educational practices and established relations in the field of Education.

(111) PLATELET-RICH PLASMA FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: A PILOT STUDY

Abstract Introduction Platelet-rich plasma has been widely used in various field of medicine. Some studies have shown that PRP helps improving sexual function, but most studies were conducted on men. There are also studies showing that it helps women’s sexual function, but it is very limited. Objective This study conducted to determine whether PRP was effective for women complaining of sexual dysfunction. Methods This retrospective study included 34 women who underwent PRP for improving sexual function from December 2022 to September 2023. Patients underwent a total of three procedures on schedules 0, 1, and 4 months. Before performing each procedure, a survey was conducted on questionnaire related to sexual dysfunction. The results of a total of 22 questions were analyzed by dividing them into sexual desire or sexual interest, sexual excitement, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction with sexual life, pain during intercourse, and urinary incontinence. Results In the categories of sexual desire or sexual interest, sexual excitement, and satisfaction with sexual life scores showed a significant increase after PRP treatment (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.003, respectively). There was a significant increase in orgasm between the first and third treatments (p < 0.021), but it was not statistically significant overall. Symptoms related with lubrication, pain, and urinary incontinence all improved, but did not show statistical significance. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PRP improved some categories of sexual dysfunction. Disclosure No.

Forty-Eight Years in Ottoman Service: General Inspector of Quarantines Dr Bartoletti Efendi and His Activities [1840-1888

Foreign specialists were employed in the Ottoman Empire's health services, particularly during the 18th century onwards. The Ottomans required international cooperation to implement reforms to combat epidemics during the global epidemics of the 19th century. As a result, many foreign physicians joined the Ottoman medicine service. Therefore, numerous foreign physicians began serving with the central health organization in Istanbul and the quarantine units established in the provinces. Some physicians made significant contributions to the Ottoman sanitary administration through their positions, time in Ottoman service, and activities. Dr Bartoletti, who was born in Istanbul in 1808, was one of these specialists. After medical education in Italy, he started his Ottoman service as a quarantine doctor and became a member of the Sanitary Council. He also represented the Ottoman Empire at the international medical conferences held in Paris, Istanbul and Vienna and performed important duties in Ottoman sanitary affairs during his forty-four years of service. By examining Dr Bartoletti's activities between 1840 and 1888, this study aims to contribute to the existing literature on this field.

Recent Advances in Resource Utilization of Huangshui from Baijiu Production

Huangshui is a typical organic wastewater in Chinese Baijiu production, with high pollution and valuable ingredients. Conventional wastewater treatment leads to resource-wasting and environmental pollution. It is urgent that the demand for effective Huangshui treatment with the development of the Baijiu-making industry. This review systematically summarizes recent studies, revealing the main characteristics and application of Huangshui, focusing on the application of the rich microbial resources and flavor substances, which provides a practical approach to cascade and full use of Huangshui in medicine, cosmetic, functional food, fertilizer, and wastewater treatment fields. Further research suggested that Huangshui can also be used as an external carbon source for the denitrification system or as an organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer for more fruits and grains. The applications favor improving production efficiency and lowering pollutant emissions and introduce novel concepts for the sustainable development of related industries. Thus, Chinese Baijiu plants can achieve the near-zero emissions of wastewater and cleaner production.

Application of exosomes in oral regenerative medicine

In recent years, exosomes had been recognized as a potential cell-free therapeutic tool in the field of regenerative medicine due to their easy accessibility, low immunogenicity, and good therapeutic effect. As paracrine products of cells, exosomes not only have the functions of their donor cells but also involve fewer ethical disputes. They are more stable than traditional stem cell therapy, and easy to store, transport and sterilize, which are gradually applied in the field of oral regenerative medicine. This article provides a review of the general properties of exosomes and their application in the field of oral regeneration, with a view to exploring new pathways for functional regeneration of the stomatognathic system.

Dr. Himmatrao Bawaskar: Transforming Rural Healthcare Through Scientific Inquiry and Advocacy.

Dr. Himmatrao Bawaskar, a distinguished figure in Indian healthcare, has made significant contributions to medical research and public health, particularly in rural areas. Born in 1951 in Maharashtra, his journey from a rural upbringing to receiving one of the highest civilian awards of the Government ofIndia, the Padma Shri, reflects his dedication to the field of medicine and public health. Dr. Bawaskar's groundbreaking research on scorpion stings, notably the use of prazosin, has revolutionized treatment protocols, significantly reducing mortality rates. Beyond scorpion stings, his work spans diverse medical areas, including snake bites and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, Dr. Bawaskar's advocacy for ethical practices and healthcare reform underscores his commitment to improving healthcare outcomes. His legacy serves as an inspiration for future generations of healthcare professionals and policymakers, emphasizing the transformative power of dedication, compassion, and scientific inquiry in addressing critical healthcare challenges.