Field In De Sitter Space Research Articles

An exact solution for the Hawking effect in a dispersive fluid

We consider the wave equation for sound in a moving fluid with a fourth-order anomalous dispersion relation. The velocity of the fluid is a linear function of position, giving two points in the flow where the fluid velocity matches the group velocity of low-frequency waves. We find the exact solution for wave propagation in the flow. The scattering shows amplification of classical waves, leading to spontaneous emission when the waves are quantized. In the dispersionless limit the system corresponds to a 1+1-dimensional black-hole or white-hole binary and there is a thermal spectrum of Hawking radiation from each horizon. Dispersion changes the scattering coefficients so that the quantum emission is no longer thermal. The scattering coefficients were previously obtained by Busch and Parentani in a study of dispersive fields in de Sitter space [Phys. Rev. D 86, 104033 (2012)]. Our results give further details of the wave propagation in this exactly solvable case, where our focus is on laboratory systems.

Schwinger effect and backreaction in de Sitter spacetime

We consider the particle-antiparticle pairs produced by both a strong electric field and de Sitter curvature. We investigate in 1 + 1 D the backreaction of the pairs on the electromagnetic field. To do so we describe the canonical quantization of an electromagnetic field in de Sitter space and add in the Einstein-Maxwell equation the fermionic current induced by the pairs. After solving this equation, we find that the electric field gets either damped or unaffected depending on the value of the pair mass and the gauge coupling. No enhancement of the electromagnetic field to support a magnetogenesis scenario is found. The physical picture is that the Schwinger pairs locally created screen the production and amplification of the electromagnetic field. However, if one considers light bosons created by the Schwinger mechanism, we report a solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equation with an enhancement of the electromagnetic field. This solution could be a new path to primordial magnetogenesis.

Large field inflation and gravitational entropy

Large field inflation can be sensitive to perturbative and nonperturbative quantum corrections that spoil slow roll. A large number $N$ of light species in the theory, which occur in many string constructions, can amplify these problems. One might even worry that in a de Sitter background, light species will lead to a violation of the covariant entropy bound at large $N$. If so, requiring the validity of the covariant entropy bound could limit the number of light species and their couplings, which in turn could severely constrain axion-driven inflation. Here we show that there is no such problem when we correctly renormalize models with many light species, taking the {\it physical} Planck scale to be $M^2_{pl} \gtrsim N {\cal M}_{UV}^2$, where ${\cal M}_{UV}$ is the cutoff for the QFT coupled to semiclassical quantum gravity. The number of light species then cancels out of the gravitational entropy of de Sitter or near-de Sitter backgrounds at leading order. Working in detail with $N$ scalar fields in de Sitter space, renormalized to one loop order, we show that the gravitational entropy automatically obeys the covariant entropy bound. Furthermore, while the axion decay constant is a strong coupling scale for the axion dynamics, we show that it is {\it not} in general the cutoff of 4d semiclassical gravity. After renormalizing the two point function of the inflaton, we note that it is also controlled by scales much below the cutoff. We revisit $N$-flation and KKLT-type compactifications in this light, and show that they are perfectly consistent with the covariant entropy bound. Thus, while quantum gravity might yet spoil large field inflation, holographic considerations in the semiclassical theory do not obstruct it.

Entropy of massive quantum fields in de Sitter space–time

Using the quantum states or Hilbert spaces for the quantum field theory in de Sitter ambient space formalism the entropy of the massive quantum field theory is calculated. In this formalism, the homogeneous spaces which are used for construction of the unitary irreducible representation of de Sitter group are compact. The unique feature of this homogeneous space is that by imposing certain physical conditions its total number of quantum one-particle states, N1−p, becomes finite although the Hilbert space has infinite dimensions. N1−p is de Sitter invariant and a continuous function of the Hubble constant H and the eigenvalue of the Casimir operators of de Sitter group. The entropy of the quantum fields is finite and invariant for all inertial observers on de Sitter hyperboloid.

Scalar field correlator in de Sitter space at next-to-leading order in a1/Nexpansion

We study the dynamics of light quantum scalar fields in de Sitter space on superhorizon scales. We compute the self-energy of an O(N) symmetric theory at next-to-leading order in a 1/N expansion in the regime of superhorizon momenta, and we obtain an exact analytical solution of the corresponding Dyson-Schwinger equations for the two-point correlator. This amounts to resumming the infinite series of nonlocal self-energy insertions, which typically generate spurious infrared and/or secular divergences. The potentially large de Sitter logarithms resum into well-behaved power laws from which we extract the field strength and mass renormalization. The nonperturbative 1/N expansion allows us to discuss the case of vanishing and negative tree-level square mass, which both correspond to strongly coupled effective theories in the infrared.

The Krein–Gupta–Bleuler quantization in de Sitter space–time; Casimir energy–momentum tensor for a curved brane

In this paper, vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the energy–momentum tensor for a conformally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space–time is investigated through the Krein–Gupta–Bleuler construction. This construction has already been successfully applied to the de Sitter minimally coupled massless scalar field and massless spin-2 field to obtain a causal and fully covariant quantum field on de Sitter background. We also consider the effects of boundary conditions. In this respect, Casimir energy–momentum tensor induced by Dirichlet boundary condition on a curved brane is evaluated.

Correlation functions of massless interacting scalar fields in de Sitter space

In this paper, we examine the behavior of correlation functions for a massless scalar field in de Sitter space with a quartic interaction. We find that two-loop corrections are relevant, and the resummation of these corrections generates a complicated structure whereby high momentum modes stay massless while low momentum modes develop a dynamical mass.

Revision of the brick wall method for calculating the black hole thermodynamic quantities

Within the framework of the "brick wall model", a novel method is developed to compute the contributions of a scalar field to the thermodynamic quantities of black holes. The relations between (transverse) momenta and frequencies in Rindler space are determined numerically with high accuracy and analytically with an accuracy of better than 10 % and are compared with the corresponding quantities in Minkowski space. In conflict with earlier results, the thermodynamic properties of black holes turn out to be those of a low temperature system. The resulting discrepancy for partition function and entropy by two orders of magnitude is analyzed in detail. In the final part we carry out the analogous studies for scalar fields in de Sitter space and thereby confirm that our method applies also to the important case of spherically symmetric spaces.

Conformally invariant spin- $$\frac{3}{2}$$ 3 2 field equation in de Sitter space–time

AbstractIn the previous paper (Behroozi et al., Phys Rev D 74:124014, 2006; Dehghani et al., Phys Rev D 77:064028, 2008), conformal invariance for massless tensor fields (scalar, vector and spin-2 fields) was studied and the solutions of their wave equations and two-point functions were obtained. In the present paper, conformally invariant wave equation for massless spinor field in de Sitter space–time has been obtained. For this propose, we use Dirac’s six-cone formalism. The solutions of massless spin-12documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$frac{1}{2}$$end{document} and -32documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$frac{3}{2}$$end{document} equations, in the ambient space notation, have been calculated.

A note on initial state entanglement in inflationary cosmology

We give a new interpretation of the effect of initial state entanglement on the spectrum of vacuum fluctuations. We consider an initially entangled state between two free massive scalar fields in de Sitter space. We construct the initial state by making use of a Bogoliubov transformation between the Bunch-Davies vacuum and a four-mode squeezed state, and then derive the exact power spectrum for one of the scalar fields. We demonstrate that an oscillatory spectrum hardly appears for the initially entangled state unless an ad hoc absolute value of the Bogoliubov coefficients is chosen.

Auxiliary Conformally Invariant Higher-Spin Field in de Sitter Space

We employ de Sitter isometry to study a mixed symmetric rank-3 tensor field in de Sitter space by finding the field equation, solution and two-point function which are conformally invariant. It is proved that such a tensor field plays a key role in conformal theory of linear gravity (Binegar et al., Phys. Rev. D 27, 2249, 1983) . In de Sitter space from the group theoretical point of view this kind of tensor could associate with two unitary irreducible representations (UIR) of the de Sitter group (Takook et al., J.Math. Phys. 51, 032503, 2010), which one representation has a flat limit, namely, in zero curvature coincides to the UIR of Poincare group, however, the second one which is named as auxiliary field, becomes significant in the study of conformal gravity in de Sitter background. We show that the rank-3 tensor solution can be written in terms of a massless minimally coupled scalar field and also the related two-point function is a function of a massless minimally coupled scalar two-point function.

ℛ2 supergravity

We formulate R2 pure supergravity as a scale invariant theory built only in terms of superfields describing the geometry of curved superspace. The standard supergravity duals are obtained in both “old” and “new” minimal formulations of auxiliary fields. These theories have massless fields in de Sitter space as they do in their non supersymmetric counterpart. Remarkably, the dual theory of R2 supergravity in the new minimal formulation is an extension of the Freedman model, describing a massless gauge field and a massless chiral multiplet in de Sitter space, with inverse radius proportional to the Fayet-Iliopoulos term. This model can be interpreted as the “de-Higgsed” phase of the dual companion theory of R + R2 supergravity.

General Solution of Massless Spin- 3 2 $\frac {3}{2}$ Field in de Sitter Universe

This paper is devoted to a general solution of the massless spin-\(\frac {3}{2}\) field in de Sitter space without any conditions in ambient space formalism. A general solution of the second-order field equation can be written in terms of a vector-spinor polarization state and a massless conformally coupled scalar field.

In–out propagator in de Sitter space from general boundary quantum field theory

The general boundary formulation of quantum theory is applied to quantize a real massive scalar field in de Sitter space. The space–time region where the dynamics of the field takes place is bounded by one spacelike hypersurface of constant conformal de Sitter time. The computation of the amplitude in the presence of a linear interaction with a source field with compact support in the region considered provides the expression of the Feynman propagator which coincides with the so-called in–out propagator.

Evaluation of the Cosmological Constant in Inflation with a Massive Nonminimal Scalar Field

In Schrödinger picture we study the possible effects of trans-Planckian physics on the quantum evolution of massive nonminimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space. For the nonlinear Corley-Jacobson type dispersion relations with quartic or sextic correction, we obtain the time evolution of the vacuum state wave functional during slow-roll inflation and calculate explicitly the corresponding expectation value of vacuum energy density. We find that the vacuum energy density is finite. For the usual dispersion parameter choice, the vacuum energy density for quartic correction to the dispersion relation is larger than for sextic correction, while for some other parameter choices, the vacuum energy density for quartic correction is smaller than for sextic correction. We also use the backreaction to constrain the magnitude of parameters in nonlinear dispersion relation and show how the cosmological constant depends on the parameters and the energy scale during the inflation at the grand unification phase transition.

Probing Planckian physics in de Sitter space with quantum correlations

We study the quantum correlation and quantum communication channel of both free scalar and fermionic fields in de Sitter space, while the Planckian modification presented by the choice of a particular α-vacuum has been considered. We show the occurrence of degradation of quantum entanglement between field modes for an inertial observer in curved space, due to the radiation associated with its cosmological horizon. Comparing with standard Bunch–Davies choice, the possible Planckian physics causes some extra decrement on the quantum correlation, which may provide the means to detect quantum gravitational effects via quantum information methodology in future. Beyond single-mode approximation, we construct proper Unruh modes admitting general α-vacua, and find a convergent feature of both bosonic and fermionic entanglements. In particular, we show that the convergent points of fermionic entanglement negativity are dependent on the choice of α. Moreover, an one-to-one correspondence between convergent points Hc of negativity and zeros of quantum capacity of quantum channels in de Sitter space has been proved.

Holographic representation of local operators in de Sitter space

Assuming the existence of the dS/CFT correspondence, we construct local scalar fields with ${m}^{2}>{(\frac{d}{2})}^{2}$ in de Sitter space by smearing over conformal field theory operators on the future or past boundary. To maintain bulk microcausality and recover the bulk Wightman function in the Euclidean vacuum, the smearing prescription must involve two sets of single-trace operators with dimensions $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and $d\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$. Thus the local operator prescription in de Sitter space differs from the analytic continuation from the prescription in anti--de Sitter space. Pushing a local operator in the global patch to future or past infinity is shown to lead to an operator relation between single-trace operators in conformal field theories at ${\mathcal{I}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, which can be interpreted as a basis transformation, also identified as the relation between an operator in CFT and its shadow operator. Construction of spin$\text{\ensuremath{-}}s$ gauge field operators is discussed, and it is shown that the construction of higher spin gauge fields in de Sitter space is equivalent to constructing scalar fields with specific values of mass parameter ${m}^{2}<{(\frac{d}{2})}^{2}$. An acausal higher spin bulk operator that matches onto boundary higher spin current is constructed. Implementation of the scalar operator constructions in AdS and dS with embedding formalism is briefly described.

Geometric origin of pair production by electric field in de sitter space

The particle production in a de Sitter space provides an interesting model to understand the curvature effect on Schwinger pair production by a constant electric field or Schwinger mechanism on the de Sitter radiation. For that purpose, we employ the recently introduced complex analysis method, in which the quantum evolution in the complex time explains the pair production via the geometric transition amplitude and gives the pair-production rate as the contour integral. We compare the result by the contour integral with that of the phase-integral method.

Non-linear trans-Planckian corrections of spectra due to the non-trivial initial states

Recent Planck results motivated us to use non-Bunch–Davies vacuum. In this paper, we use the excited-de Sitter mode as non-linear initial states during inflation to calculate the corrected spectra of the initial fluctuations of the scalar field. First, we consider the field in de Sitter space–time as background field and for the non-Bunch–Davies mode, we use the perturbation theory to the second order approximation. Also, unlike conventional renormalization method, we offer de Sitter space–time as the background instead Minkowski space–time. This approach preserve the symmetry of curved space–time and stimulate us to use excited mode. By taking into account this alternative mode and the effects of trans-Planckian physics, we calculate the power spectrum in standard approach and Danielsson argument. The calculated power spectrum with this method is finite, corrections of it is non-linear, and in de Sitter limit corrections reduce to linear form that obtained from several previous conventional methods.

Power spectrum with auxiliary fields in de Sitter space

We use the auxiliary fields and (excited-) de Sitter solutions to study the standard power spectrum of primordial fluctuations of a scalar field in the early universe. The auxiliary fields are the negative norm solutions of the field equation and as it is shown, with a fixed boundary condition, utilizing these states results in a finite power spectrum without any infinity. The power spectrum is determined by the de Sitter solutions up to some corrections and the space-time symmetry is not broken in this point of view. The modulation to the power spectrum is of order $ (\frac{H}{\Lambda})^{2} $, where $ H $ is the Hubble parameter and $ \Lambda $ is the energy scale, e.g., Planck scale.