Field Dependent Style Research Articles

A research on a preference of emotional memory in different cognitive style of undergraduates

Objective To explore the preference of emotional memory in different cognitive style of undergraduates. Methods A 2 cognitive style (field independent style / field dependent style) * 3 facial expressions (positive/neutral/negative faces) mixed designs were adopted to compare the reaction time, which in the condition of stimuli presentation time 500 ms in field independent and dependent participants (n=25, respectively). E-Prime program was used to present the stimulus and to record the reaction time and accuracy to stimuli of all subjects. Repeated Measurement ANOVA was used in the research, facial expressions (positive/neutral/negative faces) as the within group factor, and groups (stress/non stress) as between group factor. Both the main effect of each variable and the interaction effect of variables were tested. Results There were a significant difference of response time and accuracy between the field independent and field dependent college students. It was shown by repeated measurement ANOVA that the main effect(F(2, 47)=4.321, P<0.05)in facial expressions properties and the interaction effect(F(2, 47)=3.299, P<0.05)between groups and facial expressions properties were found. Further analysis showed that the reaction time to detect stimulus of positive((610.71±11.26)ms)and neutral((606.24±18.27)ms) facial expression was shorter than negative((653.17±20.91)ms)faces for field independent participants(P<0.05) .Interestingly, for field dependent group, the neutral faces((675.67±21.01)ms)were faster than others (P<0.05). Conclusion Field independent students had significant advantages over field dependent students in emotional memory. Key words: Undergraduates; Cognitive Style; Emotional Memory; Bias

장독립-장의존 인지양식이 대학생의 정보탐색행위에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study analyzed the effect of the cognitive style of field dependence/independence to the information-seeking behaviors of 250 undergraduate students. The cognitive style of field dependence/ independence was examined by Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT), information-seeking behaviors were examined by information-seeking performances, and survey for information-seeking behaviors. As a result of the analysis, the cognitive style of field dependence/independence affected items of information-seeking performances except one item among items set in this study. The cognitive style, the cognitive characteristics acting in the process of cognitive activity affected the actual activities of information-seeking behaviors. The cognitive style of field dependence/independence affected the seeking process except the results of seeking and general information-seeking behaviors in the areas of information-seeking behaviors. Therefore, the study of cognitive style can be effective in the seeking process areas of information-seeking behaviors.

Personality and Cognitive-Style Profile of Antisocial and Prosocial Adolescents

In this brief report, antisocial and prosocial adolescents are contrasted in terms of impulsivity and venturesomeness, and the cognitive style of field dependence- independence are assessed using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). The data have been collected from a total of 366 youths, ranging in age between 12 and 18 years. Antisocials are found to score below average, whereas the prosocials score above average on the GEFT.

Driving Under the Influence of Phones: The Importance of Cognitive Ability and Cognitive Style on Interruption-Related Performance

The impact of notifications on driving performance is a critical safety concern (Lee &amp; Strayer, 2004). This study examined how interruptions (including phone calls) impair simulated driving performance, and how individual differences mediate the effect of those interruptions. Consistent with our hypothesis, field dependent participants answered phone calls more quickly and with less consideration of the difficulty of the current driving situation than more field independent participants. Further, a post-hoc analysis showed that, on average, field dependents with small operating spans crashed twice as often as the other drivers. Thus the detrimental effect of a field dependent style on managing interruptions while driving is likely worsened for people with low working memory capacity. It is suggested that future research should investigate the safety implications of individual differences in interruption handling ability. Such research is needed to support ongoing efforts to develop guidelines and legislation concerning the use of distracting information technologies (such as cell phones) in automobiles.

Extraversion, psychoticism, sensation seeking and field dependence–independence: Will the true relationship please reveal itself?

In this paper, we look at the way key personality traits might interact. Specifically, we investigate whether performance on a standard task assessing the cognitive style of Field Dependence–Independence, the Group Embedded Figures Task (GEFT), is a function of an Extraversion (E) × Psychoticism (P) interaction. This hypothesis was evaluated using data gathered from two research projects conducted in our lab, and published in this Journal. We further explored the trait of sensation seeking, given that both impulsivity and sensation seeking map onto the E × P plane. We did find such an E × P interaction for the GEFT score in Study 1, but only for a particular age group of young adults, and could replicate this finding in Study 2. This disordinal interaction indicates that both non-impulsive (E−P−) and high sensation-seeking (E+P+) participants could be characterized as being field independent (FI). We discuss these findings and their implications for our understanding of impulsivity and sensation seeking.

Developing a personality profile of the bomb-disposal expert: the role of sensation seeking and field dependence–independence

The high-risk, prosocial professional should score highly on sensation seeking, particularly on the thrill-and-adventure-seeking subscale (TAS). However, the TAS subscale will not permit differential prediction of who will prefer which high-risk job. The cognitive style of field dependence–independence (FDI) could have predictive faculty. We compared a group of bomb-disposal experts to one comprising anti-terror operatives, examining both personality (sensation seeking and the Eysenckian Big Three) and cognitive style. Our prediction was that while both groups would score high on TAS, they would differ on FDI. For comparison, we provide relevant data taken from recently published norms [Glicksohn, J., & Abulafia, J. (1998). Embedding sensation seeking within the big three. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 1–15]. The personality profile of the high-risk, prosocial, professional was found to conform to that of the nonimpulsive sensation seeker who is emotionally stable. As hypothesized, bomb-disposal experts were found to be markedly more field independent than were anti-terror operatives.

Key Issues in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education

Part 1 Bilingualism and intelligence. Part 2 Bilingualism and cognitive functioning: divergent and creative thinking bilingualism and divergent thinking bilingualism and an analytic orientation to language Piaget and bilingualism communicative sensitivity the cognitive style of field dependence - independence and bilingualism. Part 3 Bilingual education in Britain and Ireland: types of bilingual education bilingual education in Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales conclusions on Celtic and English bilingual education. Part 4 Bilingual education - the judgement of North American research USA Canada. Part 5 Attitudes and bilingualism: attitude theory, measurement attitude to Welsh - decline with age attitude to Gaelic and Irish - public support and personal scepticism attitude change. Part 6 Bilingualism and motivation: the measurement of motivation overview of bilingualism and motivation integrative and instrumental motivation research in Wales on bilingualism and motivation. Part 7 Theory into practice: the balance theory think tank model the thresholds theory the evolution of a theory concerning the language proficiency of bilinguals. two attitude/motivation models C.B.Paulston's bilingual education theories Spolsky's bilingual education evaluation model the input-output-context-process bilingual education model Cummins' theoretical framework for minority student intervention and empowerment.

The Application of Cognitive Style Research to Fieldwork Education

Each individual demonstrates a distinct style of gathering and organizing information or accumulating knowledge. This paper describes the cognitive style of field dependence versus field independence. The literature on cognitive style research is discussed and applied to the supervision process that occurs in fieldwork practice. Implications for the future development of fieldwork education programmes are presented.

Visual Recall of Dress Design Determined by Perceptual Style

It was the major objective of this study to devise a measuring instrument specifically for the perception of line and design in clothing. In order to assess the feasibility of such instrument, its power of differentiation was determined on the basis of the perceptual style of field dependence. The theoretical basis for the investigation was provided by the general concepts and principles of Gestalt theory of perception. In order to determine perceptual style, the perceptual differentiation of figure from ground was measured by use of the Jackson Short Form of the Witkin Embedded Figures Test. The Clothing Perception Test was designed to investigate three categories of visual perception, selected as being representative of the major aspects of perception of clothing design. Among various interactions demonstrated, the most consistent finding related to class standing and perceptual style. Junior and senior students were found to be considerably less field dependent than freshman and sophomore students. On the basis of clothing perception scores, class standing again proved highly significant. Junior and senior students were found to possess greater ability for recall of dress design. Significant correlations among personality dimensions and measures of clothing perception indicate that relatively field independent persons tend to possess a greater ability for recall of line in clothing design.

Marijuana and Perceptual Style: A Theoretical Note

The apparent effects of marijuana on perceptual, motor and cognitive skills are consonant with the hypothesis that it induces the perceptual style of field dependence. The evidence for this hypothesis is discussed along with additional hypotheses and suggestions for relevant research.