Fidelity Of Perception Research Articles

Objective Evaluation of Motion Cueing Algorithms for Vehicle Driving Simulator Based on Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) Weight Method Combined with Gray Correlation Analysis

Perception-based fidelity evaluation metrics are crucial in driving simulators, as they play a key role in the automatic tuning, assessment, and comparison of motion cueing algorithms. Nevertheless, there is presently no unified and effective evaluation framework for these algorithms. To tackle this challenge, our study initially establishes a model rooted in visual–vestibular interaction and head tilt angle perception systems. We then employ metrics like the Normalized Average Absolute Difference (NAAD), Normalized Pearson Correlation (NPC), and Estimated Delay (ED) to devise an evaluation index system. Furthermore, we use a combined approach incorporating CRITIC and gray relational analysis to ascertain the weights of these indicators. This allows us to consolidate them into a comprehensive evaluation metric that reflects the overall fidelity of motion cueing algorithms. Subjective evaluation experiments validate the reasonableness and efficacy of our proposed Perception Fidelity Evaluation (PFE) method.

Healthy ageing reduces the precision of episodic memory retrieval.

Episodic memory declines with older age, but it is unresolved whether this decline reflects reduced probability of successfully retrieving information from memory, or decreased precision of the retrieved information. Here, we used continuous measures of episodic memory retrieval in combination with computational mixture modeling of participants' retrieval errors to distinguish between these two potential accounts of age-related memory deficits. In three experiments, young and older participants encoded stimulus displays consisting of everyday objects varying along different perceptual features (e.g., location, color and orientation) in a circular space. At test, participants recreated the features of studied objects using a continuous response dial. Across all 3 experiments, we observed significant age-related declines in the precision of episodic memory retrieval, whereas significant age differences in retrieval success were limited to the most challenging task condition. Reductions in mnemonic precision were evident across different object features retained in long-term memory and persisted after controlling for age-related decreases in the fidelity of perception and working memory. The findings highlight impoverished precision of memory representations as one factor contributing to age-related episodic memory loss and suggest that the cognitive and neural changes associated with older age may differentially affect distinct aspects of episodic retrieval. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Stereoscopic First Person View System for Drone Navigation

Ground control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is key to the advancement of this technology for commercial purposes. Not only because handover situations will require humans to take control over the drones when autonomous systems fail. But also, because training deep neural network based control systems require extensive real world data, and capturing meaningful and diverse data is a bottleneck. This axiom is even more prominent for the case of unmanned flying robots where there is no simple solution to capture optimal navigation footage. In such scenarios, improving the ground control and developing better autonomous systems are two sides of the same coin. To improve the ground control experience, and thus the quality of the footage, we propose to upgrade on-boad teleoperation systems to a fully immersive setup that provides operators with a stereoscopic First Person View through a Virtual Reality (VR) Head Mounted Display (HMD). We tested users (n=7) by asking them to fly our drone on the field. Test flights showed that operators flying our system can take off, fly and land successfully while wearing VR headsets. Additionally, we ran two experiments with pre-recorded videos of the flights and walks to a wider set of participants (n=69 and n=20) to compare the proposed technology to the experience provided by current drone FPV solutions that only include monoscopic vision. Our immersive stereoscopic setup enables higher accuracy depth perception, which has clear implications for achieving better teleoperation and unmanned navigation. Our studies show comprehensive data on the impact of motion and simulator sickness in case of stereoscopic setup. We present the device specifications as well as the measures that improve teleoperation experience and reduce induced simulator sickness. Our approach provides higher perception fidelity during flights, which leads to a more precise better teleoperation and ultimately translates into better flight data for training deep UAV control policies.

Investment in attending to cues and the evolution of amplifiers.

Signals and cues are extensively used in social interactions across diverse communication systems. Here, we extend an existing theoretical framework to explore investment by emitters and perceivers in the fidelity with which cues and signals associated with the former are detected by the latter. Traits of the emitter that improve cue or signal fidelity without adding information are termed 'amplifiers'. We assume that each party can invest in improving fidelity but that it is increasingly costly the more fidelity is improved. Our model predicts that evolution of amplifier traits of a pre-existing cue occurs over a broader range of circumstances than evolution of signalling insituations where the emitter offered no pre-existing cue to the perceiver. It further predicts that the greater the intrinsic informational value of a cue, the more likely it is that the perceiver (and not the emitter) will invest in the fidelity of detecting that cue. A consequence of this predicted asymmetry is that true communication with reciprocal adaptations in emitters and perceivers to improve signal fidelity is likely to occur predominantly for traitsof intermediate reliability. The corollary is that uncertainty of the perceiver will then be a key feature of communication. Uncertainty can arise because perceivers misinterpret signals or do not perceive them correctly, but here we argue that uncertainty is more fundamentally at the root of communication because traits that are intrinsically highly informative will induce only the perceiver and not the emitter to invest in improved fidelity of perception of that trait.

Methods to Determine Optimal Washout Position for Single and Multi-Occupant Motion Simulator

Abstract The washout position has great effects on the perception fidelity and the movement of the motion simulator. In this paper, the main square error of sensation between simulator and vehicle is determined, and the fidelity of the occupant and the platform motion performance as a basis to build a model for a single occupant optimal washout position measurement. Then, considering the features of the multi-occupant motion simulator, a concept of the task’s master-crew is proposed, the multi-occupant optimal washout position measurement model is built. Then an anti-aircraft simulator for three occupants is taken as an example of a multi-occupant simulator and the optimal washout position measurement model is studied. Considering that the basic PSO algorithm has shortcomings such as easy aging and falling into local extreme value, a modified algorithm is designed called Adaptive Chaos PSO algorithm and applied to the resolution of the models. The results showed that the optimal position can make the simulator trainer have a more realistic sensation and maintain the safety of the platform, and that the Adaptive chaos PSO algorithm can effectively solve the shortcomings of PSO and is very useful in the resolution of the model.

Motion sickness evaluation and comparison for a static driving simulator and a dynamic driving simulator

This paper deals with driving simulation and in particular with the important issue of motion sickness. The paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the objective illness rating metrics deduced from the motion sickness dose value and questionnaires for both a static simulator and a dynamic simulator. Accelerations of the vestibular cues (head movements) of the subjects were recorded with and without motion platform activation. In order to compare user experiences in both cases, the head-dynamics-related illness ratings were computed from the obtained accelerations and the motion sickness dose values. For the subjective analysis, the principal component analysis method was used to determine the conflict between the subjective assessment in the static condition and that in the dynamic condition. The principal component analysis method used for the subjective evaluation showed a consistent difference between the answers given in the sickness questionnaire for the static platform case from those for the dynamic platform case. The two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test shows the significance in the differences between the self-reports to the individual questions. According to the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, experiencing nausea ( p = 0.019<0.05) and dizziness ( p = 0.018<0.05) decreased significantly from the static case to the dynamic case. Also, eye strain ( p = 0.047<0.05) and tiredness ( p = 0.047<0.05) were reduced significantly from the static case to the dynamic case. For the perception fidelity analysis, the Pearson correlation with a confidence interval of 95% was used to study the correlations of each question with the x illness rating component IR x, the y illness rating component IR y, the z illness rating component IR z and the compound illness rating IR tot. The results showed that the longitudinal head dynamics were the main element that induced discomfort for the static platform, whereas vertical head movements were the main factor to provoke discomfort for the dynamic platform case. Also, for the dynamic platform, lateral vestibular-level dynamics were the major element which caused a feeling of fear.

Influence of Inertial Stimulus on Visuo-Vestibular Cues Conflict for Lateral Dynamics at Driving Simulators

This paper explains the effect of having an inertial stimulus (motion platform) for driving simulators on proximity to the reality for the sensed lateral dynamics with respect to the measurements and the perceptual fidelity using a questionnaire technique. To assess this objectively, the vestibular and vehicle level lateral accelerations (ay,sensed=ay_vest, ayv=ay_veh ) were saved by using a motion tracking sensor and SCANeR studio software respectively. A confidence interval of 95% was chosen to test the correlations (Pearson’s correlation) and to fit models for the distributions of the visual-vestibular lateral accelerations with the multiple linear regression between the conditions of static (N=16) and dynamic (N=21) platform cases in terms of visuo-vestibular level lateral accelerations for the group of subjects (N=37). The results showed that the dynamic platform provides a higher lateral dynamics reality (positive correlation with an incidence of 90.48% for N=21) compared to the static configuration (negative correlation with an incidence of 50% for N=16) from Pearson’s correlation and a better fitted model and a lower visuo-vestibular cues’ conflict for the dynamic (R2=0.429, the model is positive sloped, N=21) condition comparing to the static one (R2=0.072, the model is negative sloped, N=16) from the multiple linear regression models. A two-tailed Mann Whitney U test yielded that the Ucomputed (2139)>Uexpected (1300.5) as p<0.0001, there was a significant difference between the sensed lateral acclerations for the static and dynamic platform cases. Disorientation related perception had positive correlations with the vestibular sensed lateral accelerations for the static condition whereas they were negatively correlated in the dynamic case. As conclusion, the dynamic platform presented a reduced level of motion sickness depending on the sensory conflict theory and the perception fidelity studies approved that dizziness was found to have a significant positive correlation with the vestibular level measured lateral acceleration in the static platform (r=0.293, p=0.037<0.05).

Hybrid Rugosity Mesostructures (HRMs) for fast and accurate rendering of fine haptic detail

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Thehapticrenderingofsurfacemesostructure(finerelieffeatures)indensetrianglemeshesrequires special structures, equipment, and high sampling rates for detailed perception of rugged models. Low cost approaches render haptic texture at the expense of fidelity of perception. We propose a faster method for sur- face haptic rendering using image-based Hybrid Rugosity Mesostructures (HRMs), paired maps with per-face heightfield displacements and normal maps, which are layered on top of a much decimated mesh, effectively adding greater surface detail than actually present in the geometry. The haptic probe’s force response algorithm is modulated using the blended HRM coat to render dense surface features at much lower costs. The proposed method solves typical problems at edge crossings, concave foldings and texture transitions. To prove the well- ness of the approach, a usability testbed framework was built to measure and compare experimental results of haptic rendering approaches in a common set of specially devised meshes, HRMs, and performance tests. Trial results of user testing evaluations show the goodness of the proposed HRM technique, rendering accurate 3D surface detail at high sampling rates, deriving useful modeling and perception thresholds for this technique.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Comparing the fidelity of perception, short-term memory, and long-term memory: Evidence for highly detailed long-term memory representations

Comparing the fidelity of perception, short-term memory, and long-term memory: Evidence for highly detailed long-term memory representations