Ficus Benjamina Research Articles

The Role of the Vegetative Part in Some Plant Species to Uptake and Accumulate Lead Element from Polluted Air (an Applied Study in Baghdad /Karkh in Iraq)

The current study was conducted to test the efficiency of the vegetative part (plant leaves) of plant species of shrubs and trees involved in forming semi-artificial vegetation in the city of Baghdad, Karkh, in the uptake and accumulating the lead element that pollutes the air in the city atmosphere. Five plant sampling sites were selected: Al-Kadhimiyah, Al-Mansour, Al-Ma'aml (Al-Salam district), Al-Adl, and Al-Ameriya district intersections (Al-Seklat), and symbols were given (A, B, C, D, E) respectively. The spread and distribution of plants vary in terms of human activities and pollution levels, affecting the five sites that recorded more than 20 species. For a real comparison between plant efficiency and the effect of the nature of the region, species of recurrent and non-recurring shrubs and trees were selected in their presence at the study sites and included (Conocarpus lancifolius, Ziziphus spina christi, Eucalyptus sp., Albizia lebbeck), and non-recurring (Nerium oleander, Dodonaea viscosa, Phoenix dactylifera, Olea europaea, Myrtus communis, Ficus nitida, Citrus aurantium). The study's results showed a variation in the ability of plant species in lead accumulators. The first site of the plants (Conocarpus lancifolius, Ziziphus spina christi, Albizia lebbeck, Eucalyptus sp., Nerium oleander, Dodonaea viscosa, Phoenix dactylifera, Olea europaea, Myrtus communis, Ficus nitida, and Citrus aurantium) was recorded at (0.46, 0.56, 0.36, 0.55, -, 0.68, -, -, 0.33, 0.29, 0.84) respectively. The second site of the same plants was (0.74, below the detection limit, 0.25, 0.57, -, -, 0.16, -, -, 0.31, -) respectively. The third site was (0.95, 0.65, 0.832, 0.831, 0.86, 1.02, -, -, -, 0.436, -, 0.532), respectively. The fourth site was (0.34, 0.95, 0.48, 0.40, -, 0.19, -, -, -, -), respectively. The fifth site was (0.48, 0.50, 0.49, 0.41, -, -, -, 1.45, -, -, -, -) ppm, respectively. The current study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022

Extraction and characterization of novel biomass–based cellulosic plant fiber from Ficus benjamina L. stem for a potential polymeric composite reinforcement

Extraction and characterization of novel biomass–based cellulosic plant fiber from Ficus benjamina L. stem for a potential polymeric composite reinforcement

Efficacy of botanicals alone and in combination with insecticide against Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in controlled conditions

Ficus benjamina (Rosales: Moraceae), commonly known as weeping fig, is not only planted alongside the road as decorative plant in Pakistan but also has chemicals which used to treat cancer and ulcer. A leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is a serious pest of Ficus spp. especially Ficus benjamina. This is a new emerging pest of horticultural andagricultural crops all over the world. The pest is causing 100% defoliation and even death of plant.The severe attack of this pest has seen on F. bejamina. The current pest is invading to otherornamental plants, especially jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in the world and becoming risk for other crops. There is need to minimize the pest population, but still no management strategies have adopted to control this pest in the world. The current experimental study was conducted to check the efficacy of botanicals alone and in combine application with insecticides against 2nd instar larvae of leaf eating caterpillar, T. varians under laboratory conditions. Results showed that among botanicals, Azadirachta indica was showed more toxicity as compared to Eucalyptus globulus. A. indica was showed the highest mortality (6.40%) of larvae at 72 hours of post treatment, whileminimum mortality (0.40%) at 24 hours. The combine application of A. indica and Emamectin benzoate was given maximum mortality (9.20�9.20) at 72 hours and minimum (1.80�3.20) at 24 hours. The mixture of emamectin benzoate and E. globulus was also found effective and toxic against second instar larvae but less than combine application of A. indica and Emamectin benzoate. In response to this new pest issue in the ornamental plants, control strategies includingbiological control alone and in combine with others chemicals are being developed in Pakistan.

Morphological Aspects of a New Emerging Leaf Eating Caterpillar, Trilocha varians on Ficus benjamina in Pakistan

Morphological Aspects of a New Emerging Leaf Eating Caterpillar, Trilocha varians on Ficus benjamina in Pakistan

Potential Galactagogue Effect of Tri-Than-Thip Remedy on Milk Synthesis in Lactating Rats: Impact on Milk Production-Related Parameters.

Herbal galactagogues have been widely used as a treatment for postpartum hypogalactia due to the potential side effects associated with pharmacological therapy. Tri-Than-Thip (Tri-TT) is a Thai herbal medicine remedy that contains three main components: Cassia fistula, Pithecellobium dulce, and Ficus benjamina. These components are believed to have properties that contribute to milk production. However, despite the traditional use of Tri-TT, there is a lack of academic evidence supporting its efficacy in enhancing milk production. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Tri-TT on milk production and determine if it has a galactagogue effect. The weight suckle weight model was used to determine total milk production in lactating rats, while histological analysis was performed to assess the alveolar diameter of the mammary gland. The findings of this study revealed a significant increase in total milk production among lactating rats treated with 500 mg/kg of Tri-TT, compared to the control group. Furthermore, both the Tri-TT and Domperidone-treated groups exhibited a larger alveolar diameter of the mammary gland in comparison to the control group. In summary, these findings provide supportive evidence for the galactagogue activity of Tri-TT. The observed enhancement in milk production may be associated with Tri-TT could potentially be attributed to its ability to widen the alveolar diameter of the mammary gland, thereby facilitating increased milk volume.

Rooting and Seedling Growth of Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina L.) as Affected by Types and Length of Stem Cutting

Rooting and Seedling Growth of Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina L.) as Affected by Types and Length of Stem Cutting

Exploring heavy metal detection efficacy in industrial waste water using Ficus Benjamina leaf extract-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles

Exploring heavy metal detection efficacy in industrial waste water using Ficus Benjamina leaf extract-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles

Pengelolaan Sumber Mata Air Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Kabupaten Malaka

Local wisdom is the values of local people in interacting with the natural environment, the place they occupied. It is not the same in place, time, and ethnicity according to adaptation with natural challenges and necessities of life. It adapts to the life-supporting such as water resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of vegetation, the type of local wisdom, and the implementation in conserving springs in Raiulun Village Malaka District. The results showed that there were 31 species of trees, poles, saplings, seedlings with 459 individuals around the spring. The highest importance value index (IVI) for GF trees was Syzygium cumini (205,37%) and the lowest of Acacia leucophloea (14,95%). The highest IVI for GF pole’s Tectona grandis (284,32%) and the lowest of Swietenia mahagoni (16,63%). The highest IVI for GF saplings was Tectona grandis (256,69%) and the lowest IVI was Annona muricata (8,18%). The highest IVI for GF seedlings was Tectona grandis (56,81%) and the lowest IVI was Areca catechu (11,59%). The Shannon Wiener Index is in the medium and the Evenness Index is in the high category. The people of Beibetok have ceremonies relate to conserve water, namely Konen, Fomata Fomalirin and Suma nain Mata Nain as well as customary prohibition and norms. Furthermore, the people of Beibetok used to plant Ficus benjamina, Swietenia mahagoni, Syzygium cumini and Areca catechu. Conservation of Webunuk springs involves the community with the local wisdom will maintain water sustainability now and in the future.

Diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity study of ethanolic extract of leaves of Ficus benjamina L. in Wistar albino rats

Diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity study of ethanolic extract of leaves of Ficus benjamina L. in Wistar albino rats

Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using Ficus benjamina activated carbon-metal oxide synthesized by pyrocarbonic acid microwave

Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using Ficus benjamina activated carbon-metal oxide synthesized by pyrocarbonic acid microwave

Green Synthesis of Nano-Zero-Valent Copper for the D-Blue 60 Textile Dye Removal from Aqueous Medium

Green synthesis of zero-valent copper nanoparticles successfully performed using Ficus benjamina leaves. The novel adsorbent Ficus nano-zero-valent copper (FB-nZVCu) characterized by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size of these nanoparticles typically ranges from 16 to 18 nm. This adsorbent investigated for removal of D-blue 60 from textile wastewater. The impact of different operating parameters, including pH, adsorbent dose, stirring rate, time, and initial dye concentration, had been tested, and optimum conditions were selected to gauge the optimum dye removal performance of the adsorbent. The maximum removal efficiency of D-blue 60 reached 87% under the following proper conditions: adsorbent dose 0.3 g L−1, time 30 min, and pH 8. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the most appropriate system for the adsorption process (R2 = 0.9994) and (qmax = 30.03 mg g−1). The pseudo-second-order model defined the adsorption. From the data obtained and the fruitful discussion, it detected that the FB-nZVCu green adsorbent strongly recommended as a hopeful substance for removing D-blue 60 from both synthetic and actual waste samples.HighlightsGreen synthesis of eco-friendly FB-nZVCu nanoparticles utilizing low-cost material Ficus benjamina leaves.The FB-nZVCu nanoparticles are efficient nano-adsorptive agents for removing D-blue 60 from wastewater under optimum conditions.The Langmuir isotherm and PSO kinetics model provided a good fit to the adsorption data.

Exploration of the Diversity of Trees and Its Implementation in the Plant Morphology Course

The campus as an educational facility is always designed to create comfort that can support the quality of learning in it so the concept of green open space has long been part of the development of the campus environment. This study aims to determine tree species on the FKIP Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN) Abepura Campus and their implementation in learning plant morphology in the Biology Education Study Program. This research uses an exploratory method. The results of research on the Uncen Abepura FKIP Campus environment found 13 species with 10 families in the category of trees with a diameter of 20 cm and above. These trees are scattered in various environments on the FKIP UNCEN Abepura Campus. The Arecaceae family consists of two tree species, namely Cocos nucifera L and Livistona saribus (Lour.) Marr. The Cupressaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Cryptomeria japonica. The Sapindaceae family consists of two types of trees, namely Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) and Pometia pinnata. The Fabaceae family consists of two tree species, Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr, and Tamarindus indica L. The Moraceae family consists of one tree species, namely Ficus benjamina. The Lecythidaceae family consists of one tree species, namely Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz. The Combretaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Terminalia catappa L. The Anacardiaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Mangifera indica L. The Oxalidaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Averrhoa carambola L. The Clusiaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Calophyllum inophyllum L. Implementation of This research is in the form of learning media in the form of a plant morphology practicum guide

The Effect of Guava Leaf Extract (Psidium guajava) and Banyan Leaf (Ficus benjamina) on Glucose Levels in Mice (Mus musculus)

Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) and banyan leaves (Ficus benjamina) both contain tannins, flavonoids, carotene and iron. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of guava leaf extract and banyan leaf on glucose levels in the blood of mice. The study was conducted with an experimental method using Easy touch completely randomized with). Guava leaf extract and banyan leaf extract were administered for 14 consecutive days to mice at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day. The results showed that guava leaf and banyan leaf extract increased glucose levels in the blood of mice. guava leaf extract glucose by 4.52% and banyan leaves by 0.45%. So it can be said that offering guava leaf extract and banyan leaf extract with certain doses and treatments can increase glucose levels in test animals.

Long-Tailed Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Food Preferences In The Mount Pengsong Area

This study aims to know the type and food preference for the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) in the Gunung Pengsong area. Data were collected using the observation method by direct observation at certain predetermined points consisting at the forest area around the settlement of Kuranji Village. This research was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of the research on the type of food Macaca fascicularis found in the forest area of ​​Mount Pengsong as many as 28 plant species, while around the settlement of Kuranji Village as many as 17 plant species. The preference of Macaca fascicularis in the forest area of Mount Pengsong was obtained as many as 5 plant species consisting of Ficus benjamina 15.2%, Syzygium cumini 11.9%, Durio zibethinus 7.3%, Bambusa vulgaris 6.7% and Syzygium aqueum 6.6%, while the preference of Macaca fascicularis around the settlement of Kuranji Village was obtained as many as 9 plant species consisting of Muntingia calabura 17,5%, Moringa oleifera 12,4%, Syzygium cumini 11,3%, Nephelium lappaceum 10,3%, Ficus carica 8.9%, Mangifera indica 8%, Syzygium aqueum 7,9%, Ficus benjamina 6.8% and Manilkara kauki 5.7%.

First Record of the Predatory Insects, Androthrips ramachandrai (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and Montandoniola indica Yamada (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on the Pest Thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in Turkey

The Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), is widely distributed to the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and causing damage to Ficus microcarpa var. nitida plants. Biological control of G. ficorum has a crucial role to maintain the population density of this pest insect at an acceptable level on Ficus trees. For this reason, to determine the potential biological control agents of this pest, survey studies have been done in Adana and Mersin provinces. The Androthrips ramachandarai (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), and the Montandoniola indica Yamada (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were reported for the first time in Turkey in 2020 on G. ficorum that damaging young leaves of the F. microcarpa. Brief diagnoses of G. ficorum and both predatory species were provided. A total of 249 adults of A. ramachandrai and 461 individuals of M. indica were detected in the galled leaves infested with G. ficorum. Moreover, 1959 adults, 1335 immatures and 11851 eggs of G. ficorum were also recorded. There was a positive relationship between pest eggs-A. ramachandrai adults and pest larvae-M. indica adults. Ratios of prey/predatory insects indicated that the predators might have the capability in suppressing the pest thrips on Ficus trees.

Phytoremediation potential of indoor plants in reducing air pollutants

Indoor air quality (IAQ), specifically after the COVID-19 pandemic, has become an international issue, as humans spend 80–90% of their time in indoor microenvironments. Poor IAQ has been related to the sick-building syndrome, nasal and ocular irritations, allergies, and respiratory dysfunction, including premature deaths. Phytoremediation is a novel strategy to absorb, adsorb, assimilate or transfer/reduce air pollutants and improve the IAQ using plants. Hence, the current review aims to explore indoor plants' role in improving indoor air quality, including their purification capabilities. There is increasing evidence that various plant species (e.g., Ficus benjamina, Chlorophytum comosum, Draceana) or their parts can reliably reduce the concentration of numerous air pollutants in the indoor microenvironment and promote human wellbeing. However, the indoor air pollutants removal efficiency depends on the species of plant, various plant characteristics such as leaf size, thickness, area, photosynthetic activity, light intensity and part of plant involved, i.e., roots, leaves, wax, cuticle and stomata. Using indoor plants is one of the most cost-effective and reliable methods of making a healthier indoor environment. Better public health can be maintained at a lower cost, with less strain on the health care system, if more emphasis is placed on creating a biophilic atmosphere and increasing the use of indoor plants. However, there are no established criteria for the best indoor plants and the impact of indoor plants on various factors such as interior ventilation, temperature, humidity, etc. Therefore, further experimental research is needed that simulates the interior environment to monitor the impacts of indoor plants on factors such as humidity, temperature, ventilation, etc., in improving the microenvironment of a closed space/room.

Micro-scale patterns and drivers of bird visitation on street fig trees in Delhi, India

Street trees have been used as a means of mitigating the negative effects of urbanization on biodiversity, particularly bird fauna. Despite their widely acknowledged benefits for birds, studies so far have been largely limited to relatively coarse scales, with an understanding of the role of local environments and individual tree characters lacking. We studied the patterns of bird visitation at individual street Ficus (fig) trees, providers of keystone resources in tropical landscapes, in Delhi, India, and their drivers at different scales (tree characteristics, local and landscape variables). Three common fig species were surveyed for bird visitors across 3 sites with varying urban patterns. Fig trees were found to be a relatively common street tree choice, and the 106 trees surveyed were visited by 29 bird species, including 7 obligate frugivores. We found that reducing green cover in surrounding landscape and increasing noise did not deter birds from visiting these trees. Instead, variables at finer scales like tree canopy diameter, tree species and local resource density had sizable and significant effects on both species richness and abundance of bird visitors. Our results highlight how bird assemblages, guilds and individual species respond differently to a range of ecological variables, and an understanding of these responses at different scales is useful for maximising the value of street trees for urban birds. Thus, coarse-scale studies can provide insights into bird diversity of city landscapes, but micro-scale studies are important in helping make fine scale management decisions, like selection of street trees.

Analyzing the Effects of Urban Photopollution on Photosynthetic Efficiency of Certain Trees through Chlorophyll Fluorescence OJIP Transient

Trees in urban areas provide important ecosystem services and are an essential element of urban green space. The constant increase in artificial light from anthropogenic activities around the world creates photopollution that affects the phenology and physiology of plants. Here we conducted a field study to investigate the anthropogenic impacts on six urban trees (Saraca asoca, Terminalia catappa, Bauhinia variegata, Holoptelea integrifolia, Ficus benjamina and Thevetia peruviana) using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. OJIP curve, maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (ΦPo), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦEo), probability that an absorbed photon will be dissipated (ΦDo), photosynthetic performance index (PIcsm) and reaction center photochemistry were assessed. According to the results, various parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence showed significant and important effects on different tree species. T. peruviana and F. benjamina were found to be tolerant to street lighting, while on the other hand, S. asoca, T. catappa, B. variegata and H. integrifolia were found to be sensitive to artificial light induced by street lamps. This study clearly indicates that chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a potent method for screening the tolerance of tree species to photopollution induced by artificial lights.

A taxonomic assessment of novel and remarkable fungal species in Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from plant litter.

Fungal taxonomy has a long history and changed significantly in the last few decades. Most recent studies have witnessed morphology combined with DNA-based molecular analyses as the main research tool for fungal species identification. During field surveys, some interesting Didymosphaeriaceae species were found from plant litter in China and Thailand. Morphology combined with phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian and maximum likelihood) of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and tub2 loci was used to identify fungal taxa. In this article, three new species and six new host records are described. The new species, Montagnula acaciae, Paraconiothyrium zingiberacearum, and Paraphaeosphaeria brachiariae, can be distinguished from other species of the respective genera based on their distinct size differences (ascomata, asci, and ascospores) and DNA sequence data. The new host records, Montagnula jonesii, Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, Spegazzinia deightonii, and S. tessarthra are reported from Ficus benjamina, Dimocarpus longan, Hedychium coronarium, and Acacia auriculiformis respectively, for the first time. Also, Paraconiothyrium archidendri and P. brasiliense are reported for the first time from Magnolia sp. in China. Moreover, Paraconiothyrium rosae is synonymized under P. fuckelii based on close phylogeny affinities and morphological characteristics. In-depth morphological descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided to show the placement of new taxa.

Diversity and metabolic potentials of microbial communities associated with pollinator and cheater fig wasps in fig-fig wasp mutualism system.

Microbial symbionts can influence a myriad of insect behavioral and physiological traits. However, how microbial communities may shape or be shaped by insect interactions with plants and neighboring species remains underexplored. The fig-fig wasp mutualism system offers a unique model to study the roles of microbiome in the interactions between the plants and co-habiting insects because a confined fig environment is shared by two fig wasp species, the pollinator wasp (Eupristina altissima and Eupristina verticillata) and the cheater wasp (Eupristina sp1 and Eupristina sp2). Here, we performed whole genome resequencing (WGS) on 48 individual fig wasps (Eupristina spp.) from Yunnan, China, to reveal the phylogenetic relationship and genetic divergence between pollinator and congeneric cheater wasps associated with the Ficus trees. We then extracted metagenomic sequences to explore the compositions, network structures, and functional capabilities of microbial communities associated with these wasps. We found that the cheaters and pollinators from the same fig species are sister species, which are highly genetically divergent. Fig wasps harbor diverse but stable microbial communities. Fig species dominate over the fig wasp genotype in shaping the bacterial and fungal communities. Variation in microbial communities may be partially explained by the filtering effect from fig and phylogeny of fig wasps. It is worth noting that cheaters have similar microbial communities to their sister pollinators, which may allow cheaters to coexist and gain resources from the same fig species. In terms of metabolic capabilities, some bacteria such as Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae are candidates involved in the nutritional uptake of fig wasps. Our results provide novel insights into how microbiome community and metabolic functions may couple with the fig-wasp mutualistic systems.