Fibrous Type Research Articles

Multiphase CFD modeling and laboratory testing of a Vortecone for mining and industrial dust scrubbing applications

Dust exposure-related occupation diseases are irreversible and have led to debilitating outcomes in personnel. Particles like coal dust generated in mines and accumulated above a critical concentration are explosive. Fibrous type multi-layered filters are the primary dust particle capturing element in flooded-bed dust scrubbers. However, these filters get clogged due to prolonged dust accumulation. This paper investigates the interaction of dust, water, and airflow in CFD in a non-clogging Vortecone filter. The Vortecone accelerates the particle-laden fluid, forces it into rapid swirling fluid motion, and pushes particles to separate and capture them. Filter capture performance in several air and water quantities regimes with aerosol particles exceeding 2.0 μm from a coal-dust laden airstream is described here. Detailed computational fluid dynamics models mimicking steady-state flow regime and transient-state air-water interface motion are presented. Particle tracking and their capture on water film using volume of fraction approach to determine the cleaning efficiency for different particle sizes is presented. Experimental cleaning efficiency results obtained from iso-kinetic sampling and optical particle counting agree with the computer models. Laboratory tests run on the Vortecone showed coal-dust cleaning efficiency exceeding 75% for particles 2.8 μm in size and 90% for 4.7 μm for all airflows.

Multiscale structural evolution of citrate-triggered intrafibrillar and interfibrillar mineralization in dense collagen gels

The mineralized extracellular matrix of bone is an organic–inorganic nanocomposite consisting primarily of carbonated hydroxyapatite, fibrous type I collagen, noncollagenous proteins, proteoglycans, and diverse biomolecules such as pyrophosphate and citrate. While much is now known about the mineralization-regulating role of pyrophosphate, less is known about the function of citrate. In order to assess the effect of negatively charged citrate on collagen mineralization, citrate-functionalized, bone osteoid-mimicking dense collagen gels were exposed to simulated body fluid for up to 7 days to examine the multiscale evolution of intra- and interfibrillar collagen mineralization. Here, we show by increases in methylene blue staining that the net negative charge of collagen can be substantially augmented through citrate functionalization. Structural and compositional analyses by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (including X-ray microanalysis and electron diffraction), and atomic force microscopy, all demonstrated that citrate-functionalized collagen fibrils underwent extensive intrafibrillar mineralization within 12 h in simulated body fluid. Time-resolved, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the temporal evolution of intrafibrillar mineralization of single collagen fibrils. Longer exposure to simulated body fluid resulted in additional interfibrillar mineralization, all through an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation towards apatite (assessed by X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). Calcium deposition assays indicated a citrate concentration-dependent temporal increase in mineralization, and micro-computed tomography confirmed that >80 vol% of the collagen in the gels was mineralized by day 7. In conclusion, citrate effectively induces mesoscale intra- and interfibrillar collagen mineralization, a finding that advances our understanding of the role of citrate in mineralized tissues.

Multi-phase computer modeling and laboratory study of dust capture by an inertial Vortecone scrubber

Dust generated in mining and tunneling activities is hazardous to health of persons and safety of operations. These projects employ pick-milling machines to extract minerals and rock by mechanical breakage. The machines are equipped with flooded-bed scrubbers that encase dust particles within fine water films as particles encounter a flooded wire-mesh screen. A major disadvantage is that the screen gets clogged when particles become trapped within the wire mesh, reducing airflow through the scrubber and increasing ambient dust concentrations. Thus, the system requires frequent maintenance or replacement. The application of a Vortecone scrubber as an improved alternative to conventional fibrous type scrubbers is investigated. A Vortecone forces dust-laden air and water to follow a complex, rapidly swirling motion. The momentum drives dust particles towards the periphery where they are captured by the water film. The operating characteristics of a reduced-scale physical model of a Vortecone, with its primary axis mounted in the horizontal orientation, was analyzed numerically and experimentally. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models depicting the spraying action and multi-phase air/water flows using the volume of fraction (VOF) approach, are presented. Experimental results, utilizing an optical particle counting technique to establish the dust-cleaning capabilities of the model, are also described.

Beneficial interaction of copper oxide and fibrous silica for enhanced photocatalytic desulphurization

Photocatalytic desulphurization (PDS) is considered as a promising technique to remove hazardous sulphur compounds from fuel oil due to its high catalytic activity, safety, low energy consumption, and low cost. In this work, fibrous silica KCC-1 was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by incorporation of CuO by electrolysis. The catalyst was used for PDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The presence of bicontinuous concentric lamellar morphology with uniform spherical shape was confirmed by FESEM analysis. The phase and crystallinity of the catalysts was investigated by XRD, while the band gap energy was determined by UV-Vis DRS. The PDS performance of CuO/KCC-1 was compared with KCC-1, CuO/SiO2 and SiO2. It was observed that the photoactivity of CuO/KCC-1 was higher than other catalysts (62.6%), which is mainly due to its fibrous morphology and appropriate band gap energy, as well as synergistic role of both CuO and KCC-1. This fibrous type catalyst could be a promising candidate for environmental purification specifically in the sulphur removal.

Dry reforming of methane over Ni/dendritic fibrous SBA-15 (Ni/DFSBA-15): Optimization, mechanism, and regeneration studies

Dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was recently discovered with its outstanding catalytic performance and coke resistance as compared to the conventional SBA-15. The operating conditions for dry reforming of methane (DRM) over 10Ni/DFSAB-15 were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM), followed by stability and regeneration study. Characterization results (TEM and FESEM) confirmed the homogenous distribution of NiO particles with no morphological change in spherical DFSBA-15 upon Ni addition. Process parameters, such as reaction temperature (X1, 700 °C–900 °C), gas hourly space velocity (X2, 15,000 mL/g.h ‒ 35,000 mL/g.h), and CH4/CO2 ratio (X3, 1–3) were studied over CO2 conversion (Y1), CH4 conversion (Y2), and H2/CO ratio (Y3). The optimal reaction conditions were found at X1 = 794.37 °C, X2 = 23,815.022 mL/g.h, and X3 = 1.199, with Y1 = 95.67%, Y2 = 93.48%, and Y3 = 0.983. The in-situ FTIR studies of adsorbed CH4, CO2, and CH4 + CO2 confirmed the formation of unidentate carbonate, bidentate carbonate, and linear carbonyl species as intermediate species. 10Ni/DFSBA-15 presented good reproducibility by using both regeneration medium (air and CO2/N2) with two-fold regeneration by air as compared to CO2/N2. It was proven that the synthesized 10Ni/DFSBA-15 was appreciably stable and prone to be regenerated by air for DRM under optimal conditions.

P638 Stenotic Crohn’s disease

Abstract Background The treatment of Crohn’s stenosis appears to be codified and complex, it depends on the inflammatory or fibrous type of stenosis. The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of Crohn’s disease in its stenotic form and to determine the failure factors for the treatment of stenotic CD. Methods This is a descriptive and analytical monocentric retrospective study, involving 900 Crohn’s patients, 189 of whom had stenotic CD. The statistical analysis is performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. Results The average age was 32± 11 years. Followed for an average of 48 months[12–96].Sex ratio=1.14F/1H. 44(23.3%) were smokers and 29(15.3%) had a previous of appendectomy.Symptomatology was Koenig syndrome in 107 cases(56.6%), occlusive syndrome in 40 cases(21.2%), constipation in 31 cases(16.4%), vomiting in 7 cases(3.7%) and 4 cases(2.2%) asymptomatic.The localisation of stenosis was ileocaecal in 118 patients(62.4%), hail in 32 patients(16.9%), colic in 17 cases(9%), anal in 15 cases(7.9%) and high in 7 cases(3.7%).Stenosis was unique in 160 cases(84.7%) and multiple in 29 cases(15.3%). 117 patients (62%) had a short stenosis <5 cm and 72 patients (38%) had a stenosis >5 cm. The fibrous nature of stenosis was in 86 patients (45.5%) and inflammatory in 103 (54.5%). 40 patients (21.2%) had an associated fistulizing behaviour. Anoperineal manifestations (MAP) in 58 cases (30.7%). Therapeutically speaking:80 patients (42.3%) were treated with corticosteroids, 10 patients (5.3%) with anti-TNFa, 3 patients (1.6%) with immunosuppressants (IS), 12 cases (6.3%) with endoscopic dilation and 84 cases (44.4%) were operated. The course was marked by a good response in 53 cases (28%), the appearance of fistula± abscess in 25 cases (13.2%), intestinal obstruction in 13 cases (6.9%) and recurrence of stenotic disease in 98 cases (51.9%).There is a difference in management between fibrous and inflammatory stenosis:corticosteroids(1.2%vs98.8%),anti-TNF(10%vs90%), dilation(100%vs0%), surgery(84.5%vs15.5%), this difference is statistically significant(p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis and by adjusting for confounding parameters, it appears that only MAP, ileocaecal location and fistulizing behavior are associated with treatment failure with [OR = 3.2; IC = 1.4–7.7; p = 0.005], [OR = 0.17; IC = 0.3–0.9; p = 0.037], [OR = 2.6; IC = 1.02–6.6; p = 0.04]. Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in terms of response to corticosteroid and anti-TNF treatments, as well as the use of surgery and dilatation between fibrous and inflammatory stenosis. And treatment failure was related to: MAP association [OR = 3.2; IC = 1.4–7.7; p = 0.005], ileocaecal localisation of stenosis [OR = 0.17; IC=0.3–0.9; p = 0.037] and fistulizing behavior[OR = 2.6;IC = 1.02–6.6;p = 0.04]

Effect of chemical treatment on natural fiber for use in fiber reinforced composites – Review

This review paper examines the chemical properties of fiber bolstered chemical compound secured composites and therefore the process techniques ar compared for the bolstered composite materials. The chemical properties of the various natural fibers composites were compared. Gift days natural fibers ar attracting several students and researchers because of its price and for the most part accessible in nature conjointly process of those fibers isn't laborious as compared to the traditional fibres production. Also, Environmental awareness and a growing concern with the atmospheric phenomenon have triggered the development, automotive, and packing industries to observe out for eco-friendly materials that may replace typical artificial chemical compound fibres. Natural fibers appear to be a decent alternate as a result of they're without delay accessible in fibrous type and might be extracted from herb leaves at terribly low prices. By these reasons the natural fibers ar trusty over the regular fibers.

Ventricular False Tendons in Human Hearts, an Autopsy Study of the Incidence, Morphology, Histology and Distribution in Basrah City

The left ventricular false tendons (LVFTs ) are fibrous or fibromuscular bands crossing the left ventricle in human hearts ,they arise mainly from the ventricular septum to the free wall or to a papillary muscle .They are considered as normal anatomical variant with different numbers, location and type. LVFTs had been associated with many clinical studies and discussions regarding their function . Literatures were reviewed and their incidence ,morphology , histology and clinical correlation were discussed .This study was intended to evaluate the existence LVFTs in Basrah city , and to compare the findings with other data verified in literatures. A prospective autopsy study of the prevalence and morphology of LVFTs in 215 cadaveric human hearts was performed to estimate the number ,types and location .of these bands .10 out of 215 samples were undergo routine histopathological processing to obtain 4 micrometer thickness slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for histological characteristics . LVFTs of varying number, types and different attachment were recorded in 62 ( 28.8% ) of 215 adult human cadaveric hearts studied. A complete morphologic assessments were done. No significant differences was found regarding age or gender. , Majority of LVFTs are single , commonly between the ventricular septum and papillary muscle .Fibrous and fibro muscular type is predominant . In our community false tendons are frequent anatomic variants of normal human LV which may be identified at routine examination and should not be mistaken as pathologic structures such as flail chordae tendineae or thrombi, further radiological and clinical studies are suggested to ensure their role and function

Influences of Fiber and Pulp Properties on Papermaking Ability of Cellulosic Pulps Produced from Alternative Fibrous Raw Materials

ABSTRACT The analyzes of cellulosic fibers and properties of cellulosic pulps are extremely important in the process of paper production. If the set point is known, we can predict fairly accurately the effects of fiber dimensions and pulp properties on the final product, which would consequently help in the precise selection of fibrous raw material types suitable for specific recipes and paper applications. In this study, the correlations between the dimensions of cellulosic fibers of alternative fibrous raw materials, pulp properties, and paper were investigated to predict paper strength based on the parameters characterizing the pulp.

Reaction of Human Neocortex Astrocytes to Clinical Death and Reperfusion

The aimof research was to study the effect of clinical death and reperfusion on astrocytes of the human cerebral cortex.Material and methods.Structural types, quantity, shape, size and distribution of cortical layers I–VI astrocytes (fields 4, 10, 17 and 21) were studied in 7 days after 3-minute clinical death (n=3, males) using a confocal microscope, fluorescence immunohistochemistry (GFAP), classical morphometry and fractal analysis. The control group (n=4, males) included patients died from severe traumatic brain injury.Results.A complex integrated system of GFAP-positive cells consisting of translaminar and intralaminar astrocytes of the fibrous, protoplasmic and mixed types, was revealed in the human cerebral cortex. The bodies of translaminar astrocytes were localized in layers I (had smooth long thin processes) and layers V–VI (had processes with varicose thickening). The processes of translaminar astrocytes penetrated towards each other and intertwined at the level of layer I and II. Qualitative and quantitative changes of all types of intralaminar and translaminar astrocytes were revealed in the human cerebral cortex in 7 days after clinical death. The percentage of the GFAP-positive area increased in all layers of the studied cerebral cortex departments. An increase in GFAP expression in cortical astrocytes was accompanied by changes in the fractal distribution and lacunarity of their processes distribution, the fact supporting a spatial reorganization of the astroglial network in response to acute ischemia and reperfusion of the brain. To a greater extent this related to the processes of fibrous perivascular astrocytes. All these manifestations of reactive astrogliosis might be associated with the activation of adaptivereparative processes in astrocytes. No statistically significant differences between the cerebral cortex fields were revealed.Conclusion.The results obtained showed that clinical death and reperfusion resulted in a structuralfunctional reorganization of the neuroglial network of the cerebral cortex accompanied by an increase in the GFAF expression and complication of the spatial distribution of the processes in all types of astrocytes.

Experimental research on impact response of novel steel fibrous concretes under falling mass impact

This paper attempts to pioneer an impact response of four types of fibrous concrete viz., Conventional Steel Fibrous Concrete (CSFC), Two Stage Fibrous Concrete (TSFC), Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON) and Layered Fibrous Concrete (LFC). The study of CSFC, TSFC, SIFCON and LFC subjected to falling mass impact has been stated in the literature independently. Nevertheless, the combined study of impact response of four types of fibrous concretes is a novel topic and outcome of this research has been compared with each other. The present study involves preparation of ten mixes consisted the aforementioned fibrous concrete types prepared from innovative 5D hooked end steel fibres, where fibre dosage varies between 1.0% and 10%. The impact strength of all specimens is tested using falling mass impact test according to ACI Committee 544 recommendations. The Weibull distribution method was utilized to investigate scattered experimental test results in terms of reliability function. The results revealed that the superior impact strength was observed in SIFCON followed by LFC, TSFC and CSFC specimens. Due to the effortlessness production technique and superior impact strength in novel TSFC, SIFCON and LFC are tough contenders for many pioneering applications.

Dendritic fibrous SBA-15 supported nickel (Ni/DFSBA-15): A sustainable catalyst for hydrogen production

In the present study, dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was successfully discovered for the first time by modulating the typical rod-like SBA-15. The synthesized DFSBA-15 was loaded with 5 wt% Ni, catalytically applied in dry reforming of methane (DRM), and catalytically compared with the conventional Ni/SBA-15. Characterization (XRD, BET, FTIR, TEM, SEM-EDX, CO2-TPD, and H2-TPR) results showed that Ni/DFSBA-15 consists of high basic sites, uniform Ni distribution, and easy reducible of NiO, resulting to the ameliorated catalytic activity, coking resistance and high catalytic stability with no indication of deactivation after 30 h time-on-stream for Ni/DFSBA-15. The superior activity of Ni/DFSBA-15 (XCO2 = 84.43%, XCH4 = 86.29%, YH2 = 64.94%, SH2 = 40.09% and rH2 = 6.64 mmol/g.s) might be ascribed to the open and flexible fibrous hierarchical of DFSBA-15 support, that rendered higher active sites accessibility and oxygen vacancy than that of SBA-15. The relatively inferior performance of Ni/SBA-15 (XCO2 = 77.12%, XCH4 = 78.02%, YH2 = 46.96%, SH2 = 33.26% and rH2 = 4.80 mmol/g.s) can be accounted on the one-end opening pores of pristine SBA-15 which are easily clogged by NiO nanoparticles, consequently, hindering reactant gaseous from accessing its active sites. The post reaction characterizations (XRD and TPO), confirmed the insignificant coke deposition and metal sintering for Ni/DFSBA-15. The promising physicochemical and catalytic properties possessed by unique DFSBA-15, acknowledged its feasibility in H2 production via DRM.

Parameters controlling the strength of stochastic fibrous materials

Many materials of everyday use are fibrous and their strength is important in most applications. In this work we study the dependence of the strength of random fiber networks on structural parameters such as the network density, cross-link density, fiber tortuosity, and the strength of the inter-fiber cross-links. Athermal networks of cellular and fibrous type are considered. We conclude that the network strength scales linearly with the cross-link number density and with the cross-link strength for a broad range of network parameters, and for both types of networks considered. Network strength is independent of fiber material properties and of fiber tortuosity. This information can be used to design fiber networks for specified strength and, generally, to understand the mechanical behavior of fibrous materials.

Optimal Ni loading towards efficient CH4 production from H2 and CO2 over Ni supported onto fibrous SBA-15

The transformation of SBA-15 into fibrous type SBA-15 (F-SBA-15) as well as the influence of Ni loadings (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) towards an efficient CH4 production from H2 and CO2 were explored. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, ICP-MS, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and in-situ FTIR adsorbed pyrrole. Increasing Ni loadings onto F-SBA-15 support promoted excellent performance towards CO2 methanation. The efficacy in CO2 methanation over Ni/F-SBA-15 increased with a sequence of 1%Ni/F-SBA-15 < 3%Ni/F-SBA-15 < 5%Ni/F-SBA-15 ≈ 10%Ni/F-SBA-15, indicating the superior performance and stability of 5%Ni/F-SBA-15. The increasing trend was due to the fibrous morphology of support which enhanced the quantity of SiONi bond, triggered better Ni dispersion, strengthen metal-support interaction, and increased the basicity. However, higher Ni loadings (10 wt%) onto F-SBA-15 slightly declined the performance and stability of CO2 methanation due to the limited spaces for substitution of Ni species with the silanol groups of F-SBA-15 upon the bulk Ni phase, poorer Ni dispersion, weaker metal-support interaction, and lower basicity. The new finding of combination between fibrous SBA-15 (F-SBA-15) with an optimum Ni loading contributed towards an outstanding performance and thus could be applied in various applications.

Antimicrobial alumina nanobiostructures of disulfide- and triazole-linked peptides: Synthesis, characterization, membrane interactions and biological activity.

Due to the its physical-chemical properties, alumina nanoparticles have potential applications in several areas, such as nanobiomaterials for medicinal or orthodontic implants, although the introduction of these devices poses a serious risk of microbial infection. One convenient strategy to circumvent this problem is to associate the nanomaterials to antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum of activities. In this study we present two novel synthesis approaches to obtain fibrous type alumina nanoparticles covalently bound to antimicrobial peptides. In the first strategy, thiol functionalized alumina nanoparticles were linked via disulfide bond formation to a cysteine residue of an analog of the peptide BP100 containing a four amino acid spacer (Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala). In the second strategy, alumina nanoparticles were functionalized with azide groups and then bound to alkyne-decorated analogs of the peptides BP100 and DD K through a triazole linkage obtained via a copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. The complete physical-chemical characterization of the intermediates and final materials is presented along with in vitro biological assays and membrane interaction studies, which confirmed the activity of the obtained nanobiostructures against both bacteria and fungi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of aluminum nanoparticles covalently bound to triazole-peptides and to a disulfide bound antimicrobial peptide with high potential for biotechnological applications.

Multimodal radiological imaging of collagenous fibroma arising from the subacromial region in a patient with osteosarcoma: A case report.

Collagenous fibroma arising from the subacromial region is extremely rare. It is important to distinguish collagenous fibroma from other fibrous tumors including desmoid tumors, to differentiate between the prognoses and management strategies, including surgical treatment. The present case report describes the case of a 42-year-old man with a collagenous fibroma of the subacromial region. He received a follow-up examination following treatment for osteosarcoma. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans used to assess for metastatic lesions indicated uptake in his left shoulder. The maximum standardized uptake value was 2.4. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated iso-intensity to muscle on T1-weighted images and iso-intensity with slightly high intensity on T2-weighted images. Post-contrast fat-suppressed magnetic resonance images indicated slightly heterogeneous enhancement of the lesion. There were no notable results from X-rays, bone scintigraphy and thallium-201 scintigraphy. Histological examination revealed collagenous fibroma. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is only the second incidence of collagenous fibroma arising from the subacromial region, and the first description of thallium-201 scintigraphy and PET scans in collagenous fibroma. The multimodal radiological data of this case may be useful for assisting in the differentiation of fibrous tumor types, including collagenous fibroma.

Development of textured vegetable protein (TVP) based on raw jackfruit

A novel product namely textured vegetable protein was standardised in this study. Textured vegetable protein or TVP is a meat substitute that mainly focuses on vegetarian population. Even though Koozha , fibrous type of jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) is highly available it is an underutilized fruit. Jackfruit bulb flour, seed flour and gluten in varying proportions were used for the development of TVP. The sensory quality of textured vegetable protein produced was evaluated. The cooked product was served to panelists to compare sensory acceptability of the TVP. Based on the sensory attributes treatment T 7 was selected as the best treatment.

Visual outcome after ND: YA Glaser posterior capsulotomy in pseudophakic patient

Background: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) also called as “after cataract” is a common complication following extra capsular cataract surgery with or without posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.An opaque membrane develops as retained cells proliferate and migrate on the posterior capsular surface. Material and Methods: The study included a total of 100 eyes of 100 patients who were diagnosed to have posterior capsular opacification and were fulfilling all the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. After that they were taken for a detailed clinical examination. All patients underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and were followed up at 1 week, 1 month and at 3 months. At every follow-up detailed examination was done. BCVA and any complications were noted. Results:Of the 100 patients, 45 (45%) were male and 55 (55%) were female. Majority of the patients were in the age group 61-70 years. The average time interval between cataract surgery and Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy was between 2-4 years. In the type of PCO seen,84 (84.0%) patients were having Elsching pearls type of PCO, 8 (8.0%) patients were having fibrous type of PCO and 8 (8.0%) patients were having Sommering ring type of PCO. The pre laser visual acuityin more than 62% of eyes was 6/60 to FC while 38% had visual acuity of 6/36 to 6/18. Visual acuity of 6/18 or better was achieved in 27% of eyes while 73% recovered to 6/12 to 6/6. None of these eyes showed further deterioration in visual acuity. The highest energy requirement was in the Fibrous PCO s0.89 ± 0.15 J, followed by Sommering Ring PCO 0.70 ± 0.17 J and least energy was in Elsching pearls 0.47 ± 0.24 J. The comparison of mean energy between the type of PCO was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05), showing that the mean energy was varying between the types of PCO. Conclusion: Neodymium-YAG capsulotomy for PCO is rewarding procedure inadults and has good visual outcome.

The use of the three-dimensional reconstruction method in the morphological investigation of the left ventricle chordae tendineae of the human's heart

Objective — to determine the properties of chordae tendineae of the human’s heart left ventricle by a comlex of morphological methods of investigation using the method of three-dimensional reconstruction.Material and methods. The macroscopic method, methods of light microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction were used for the study. The material for the study was the chordae tendineae of the left ventricles of 45 hearts of people of mature age.Results. By using the macroscopic method and method of light microscopy, a typical mitral valve chordae tendineae, that in the form of strands extend from the apex of papillary muscles and combined with valve’s cusps, and false chordae tendineae, that unlike typical ones, do not attach to the mitral valve cusps, but are ectopically fixed to the free walls of the left ventricle, interventricular septum or papillary muscles were studied. The light microscopy method showed that the typical chordae tendineae formed by one centrally located collagen core, surrounded by the peripherally located collagen-elastic layer and lined by the endothelium outside. Based on the studies, the false chordae tendineae by histological structure of their core have been divided into the fibrous, fibro-muscular and muscular types. The reproduced models of the spatial organization of the typical and false chordae tendineae of the left ventricle of the human heart reproduced the outlines and character of the surface of the chords, and showed the spatial interaction of the structural components of their inner contents with the calculation of the parameters of their relative area.

ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ФІБРОЗОУТВОРЕННЯ В ПЕЧІНЦІ ХВОРИХ НА НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНИЙ СТЕАТОГЕПАТИТ НА ТЛІ ОЖИРІННЯ І–ІІ СТУПЕНІВ ТА ХРОНІЧНУ ХВОРОБУ НИРОК

Мета роботи – дослідити біохімічні маркери фіброзу печінки при НАСГ, що розвинувся на тлі ожиріння І–ІІ ступенів та ХХН І–ІІІ стадій.Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 98 хворих на НАСГ на тлі ожиріння І–ІІ ступенів, у тому числі 52 хворих на НАСГ на тлі ожиріння І–ІІ ступенів (1 група) без супровідної ХХН, 46 хворих на НАСГ на тлі ожиріння І–ІІ ступенів із коморбідною ХХН І–ІІІ ст. (2 група). Контрольну групу склали 20 практично здорових осіб (ПЗО) відповідного віку та статі.Визначення структурних змін паренхіми печінки та нирок здійснювали шляхом проведення ультрасонографічного (УСГ) дослідження. З метою кількісної оцінки змін ехогенності печінки використали метод еходенситомет­рії із обчисленням гепаторенального індексу (ГРІ). Біопсія печінки виконана 32 хворим на НАСГ із супровідною ХХН І–ІІІ ст., 28 хворим на НАСГ без ХХН. Біоптати печінки отримували шляхом черезшкірної чи лапароскопічної прицільної біопсії.Результати. Встановлено, що коморбідний перебіг НАСГ із ХХН характеризується вищим ступенем стеатозу печінки (ГРІ у 1,3 раза вищий, порівняно з групою хворих на НАСГ (p&lt;0,05)), та вищим діагностичним порогом значень гепаторенального індексу, який у сильній взаємозалежності корелює зі ступенем стеатозу печінки, визначеним за Steato-test (r=0,87; p&lt;0,001).При неалкогольному стеатогепатиті, що розвивається на тлі ожиріння та ХХН І–ІІІ стадії, встановлено наявність у печінковій тканині фібротичних змін, які за біохімічним індексом фіброзу перевищують такі у хворих на НАСГ без коморбідності з патологією нирок. При НАСГ встановлено прояви переважно F0–F1 cтадій фіброзу печінки, при НАСГ із супровідною ХХН І–ІІІ стадії переважали F1–F2 стадії фіброзу печінкової тканини.Висновки. У хворих на НАСГ на тлі ожиріння найчастіше спостерігали перицелюлярний фіброз (у 100 % випадків), дещо рідше зустрічали фіброз перисинусоїдально типу (39,3 %) та центролобулярний (35,7 %) і у 10,7 % спостерігали перипортальний та портальний фіброз печінки. У хворих на НАСГ на тлі ожиріння та ХХН І–ІІІ ст. перицелюлярний фіброз також виявляли у 100 % випадків, значний відсоток займали перисинусоїдальний (78,1 %) та перивенулярний (68,8 %) фіброз 3-ї зони, а також фіброз портального та/або перипортального типу з поодинокими септами (25,0 %).