Fibrocystic Breast Research Articles

Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Clinical Symptoms and Paraclinical Outcomes in Women Diagnosed With Fibrocystic Breast Disease: An Interventional Study

Fibrocystic breast disease is the most common benign breast disease in women, and it is necessary to investigate the most effective treatment method to reduce its symptoms. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the effect of melatonin supplementation on clinical symptoms and paraclinical outcomes in women diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease. Investigating the Effects of melatonin supplementation on clinical symptoms and paraclinical outcomes in women diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease. The present study is a controlled intervention-placebo treatment conducted on women suffering from fibrocystic breast disease aged 18-40. This interventional study was conducted on 66 patients (33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group). Melatonin supplement of 3 mg was administered to the intervention group and a placebo to the control group for 12 weeks. Patient information, symptoms, and paraclinical outcomes were recorded at the beginning of the study before the intervention and 12 weeks after the intervention. After collecting the data, we analyzed it using SPSS version 16 software and appropriate statistical tests. The findings of this study showed that melatonin administration in patients with fibrocystic breast disease reduced anxiety, depression, improved sleep quality, increased TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity), and decreased MDA (Malondialdehyde). However, both study groups did not have statistically significant differences in the average pain and hs-CRP before and after the intervention. According to the findings of the study and the identification of the positive effect of melatonin on laboratory indicators and symptoms in patients with fibrocystic breast disease, it is recommended to prescribe melatonin in addition to standard treatment to witness a better and faster recovery, and in this way, the quality of life of patients can be increased.

The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Fibrocystic Breast Disorder.

The role of deficiency of vitamin D in a wide range of human cancer, including breast cancer, has been proven, but its role in benign breast diseases remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with fibrocystic breast (FB) disease. First, the hospital prevalence of fibrocystic breast was determined by a crosssectional study. Then, patients were divided into two groups by a case-control study; women with confirmed fibrocystic breasts based on breast pain, physical examination, and ultrasonography were included as a case group (N=48), and age-matched women without fibrocystic breasts were also included as a control group (N=48). After recording the demographic and gynecological characteristics and exposure to the sun, gynecological records, and family history of fibrocystic breast, the blood sample was taken to determine vitamin D. Data were analyzed by Stata software. The result indicated that the studied groups had significant differences in regards to weight, breast pain, the severity of breast pain, breast heaviness, family history of fibrocystic breast, history of breast disease, caffeine consumption, and exposure to sunlight (p <0.05), but did not show significant differences based on age, occupation, education, gynecological history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and hypothyroidism, vegetable, fast food, and dairy products consumption. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the case group was 45.8%, and in the control group, it was 20.8%, and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). Vitamin D deficiency is more common in women with fibrocystic breast disease and may play a role in the development of the disease.

Role of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Background: Fibrocystic breast disease is the most typical benign breast disease, which is seen in women worldwide with features of pain and feeling of nodules. Its diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound, mammography, and in doubt cases, biopsy is indicated. For assessment of the breast, we clinically examined the breast, axilla, and both supra and infraclavicular regions for lymph node assessment, followed by ultrasound examination. Detection of lesions in any breast quadrant assessed by BIRADs, Breast Imaging Reporting, and Data System grouped in five brackets. Scanning by sonography using B-mode and Doppler study was improved for detecting and characterizing benign and malignant lesions. Objective: To assess a breast lesion by ultrasound with features suggestive of a benign or malignant nature. Method: This study included 210 women aged 20 - 45 who visited a clinic from October 2020 to April 2022 and were examined by ultrasound machine Samsung HS50 (KOREA) with an LA3-14AD probe. B-mode images obtained detection of the lesion, and we also used Doppler ultrasound for assessment of the vascularity of the lesion. The BI-RADS system was used for the categorization of all findings. Result: In 210 women, complaints of lumps were involved in our study. Imaging by B-mode ultrasound using the Doppler study assesses the vascularity of the lesion and provides more characterization of benign and malignant lesions. By B–mode imaging, 99 patients had regular ultrasound study, and 79 patients had simple cysts that appeared well defined, had familiar outlines, and had an anechoic rounded or oval shape with posterior enhancement. Twenty-eight patients with fibroadenoma visualized as round or oval-shaped hypoechoic lesions horizontally oriented to the planes of the breast with lateral shadowing. 2 patients had complex cysts that appear as well-defined, irregular outlines, rounded shape, a thick wall with internal echoes with posterior enhancement. 2 patients have a malignant lesion that appears ill-defined rough outline vertically oriented with breast planes and show posterior shadowing. Conclusion: Ultrasound was established as the most suitable imaging modality for the categorization of breast lesions and exclusion of malignancy, which is helpful for evading unnecessary biopsies.

The therapeutic approach to fibrocystic breast disease in the MCF-10A cell culture model: Striking efficacy of polyphenols

The therapeutic approach to fibrocystic breast disease in the MCF-10A cell culture model: Striking efficacy of polyphenols

Clinical and pathological study of patients with fibrocystic disease of breast in tertiary care hospital of Gurugram, Haryana

A fibrocystic breast disease group of benign breast diseases that consists of fibrocystic breast disease, breast cyst, breast abscess, duct ectasia, cyclic and non-cyclic mastalgia, Gynaecomastia and Mondor's disease. Abnormal hormonal balance and cellular interactions mediated growth factors leading to ductal and cellular hyperplasia is the main pathophysiological cause of the disease. This prospective observational study was conducted on 100 SGT medical college and hospital patients from January 2021 to august 2022 to assess the detailed clinicopathological study of patients with fibrocystic disease breast diagnosed clinically with relevant investigations. In our study, we found that fibroadenoma is the maximum among all Fibrocystic breast diseases, i.e. 34%, with the majority between 11-30 years. It rises in the 2 decade of life and peaks in the 4 decade. Non-cyclic mastalgia constituted 29% of the total cases, with most patients lying in the age group of 31-50 years, where mastalgia was the presenting complaint in most cases. Inflammatory breast diseases formed 4% of the total, with the main presenting symptoms being mastalgia, fever and nipple discharge. Again, it mainly included patients from the age group of 31-50 years. Gynaecomastia and breast abscess were diagnosed in 3 cases, with all lumping on the right side of the breast.Our study attempted to derivate the spectrum of breast diseases in different age groups among patients reporting to SGT medical college and hospital, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana. Apart from the incidence of various fibrocystic diseases, various other facts were recorded. Benign breast lesions were recorded to comprise the bulk of the patients presenting with breast disorders and were maximum in the reproductive age group. Breast sclerosing adenosis should be identified by excluding the malignancy. Most Fibrocystic breast diseases have been managed conservatively.

The association between polycystic ovarian disease and fibrocystic breast disease

The association between polycystic ovarian disease and fibrocystic breast disease

Danazol's use for menstrual suppression in transgender individuals: A retrospective multi-site cohort study.

Danazol is a synthetic progestin with androgenic effects that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of endometriosis, benign fibrocystic breast disease, and hereditary angioedema. In recent years, increasing numbers of transgender and nonbinary individuals seeking menstrual suppression have been offered danazol due to its potential to both induce amenorrhea and cause reversible androgenic side effects including pigmentation of vellus hairs and voice changes, which may be desirable in this population. There are currently no studies assessing use of danazol within the transgender population for menstrual suppression. This study's primary aim was to evaluate the use of danazol as a menstrual suppression agent in transgender patients. This was a retrospective multisite cohort study of all individuals who had been on danazol at two tertiary care centers between 2000 and 2022. All patients prescribed danazol were identified using a search of the electronic medical records. For demographic purposes, comparisons were made between those who did and did not use danazol for the purpose of menstrual suppression. A detailed chart review was then performed to analyze the experiences of menstrual suppression in transgender and nonbinary patients. Most transgender and nonbinary patients on danazol for menstrual suppression remained on it at their most recent follow-up visit, and many charts noted improvements in gender dysphoria, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Most transgender patients achieved amenorrhea. Danazol may be a reasonable option for menstrual suppression in transgender and nonbinary patients. Our findings show its potential to not only induce amenorrhea but cause desired androgenic symptoms and improve gender dysphoria, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and heavy bleeding. While the androgenic effects of danazol are less desirable in cisgender populations, it is an attractive option for menstrual suppression in transgender and nonbinary patients.

The effect of polycystic ovarian syndrome on fibrocystic breast changes in postmenopausal women

Background Fibrocystic breast changes (FCCs) are benign lesions thought to be caused by an increased estrogen-to-progesterone ratio. One of the most common endocrinopathies that increases this ratio is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although nonproliferative FCCs do not increase the risk of breast cancer, they can make mammographic detection of malignancy in postmenopausal women more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PCOS on the development of postmenopausal FCCs. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify two cohorts of postmenopausal women (Z78.0) older than 45, without a prior diagnosis of FCCs (N60.1) or hormone replacement therapy (Z79.890). One cohort included a diagnosis of PCOS (E28.2). The cohorts were balanced for age, race, ethnicity, and hormonally relevant comorbidities. The cohorts were then evaluated for the development of FCCs after menopause. Results Postmenopausal patients with PCOS were 52% more likely to develop FCCs than those without PCOS (2.2% vs. 1.4%, relative risk 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.22, P = 0.03). Conclusion Postmenopausal women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing FCCs. Further studies are needed to improve the differentiation of benign FCCs from malignant lesions on imaging for postmenopausal women with PCOS who develop FCCs.

Clinical and radiological efficacy of a new conservative treatment for fibrocystic disease

Background. Long-lasting dyshormonal breast diseases in women represent a risk factor for breast cancer, especially in patients with atypia. Clinical manifestations of fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) and mastopathy, including high-intensity pain cause psychoemotional discomfort and reduce the quality of life of women. The search for effective management strategies for mastopathy with an antiproliferative effect is highly relevant.Aim. To assess clinical and radiological efficacy of a new conservative treatment for FBD, “Evening primrose oil” administered orally for 6 months in women with symptomatic FBD.Materials and methods. This randomized, blind, placebo-controlled trial included 144 patients with clinical FBD manifestations (pain and tension in the breast). Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. Women in group I received “Evening primrose oil”, whereas women in group II received placebo (ascorbic acid) for 6 months. We measured the dynamics of radiological findings (at mammography and ultrasound examination) in the breast before and after treatment, as well as pain intensity using the visual-analog scale.Results. Patients in group I with all types of FBD (diffuse mastopathy, nodular, and mixed forms) demonstrated positive dynamics and BI-RADS category downgrading within 6 months. In the placebo group, the examination after 6 months demonstrated no significant changes in the breast and no BI-RADS category downgrading among women with diffuse mastopathy. Some patients with nodular and mixed FBD receiving placebo had negative dynamics after 6 months (as demonstrated by mammography and ultrasound examination; BI-RADS category upgraded from II to III, p&lt;0.01). Patients receiving “Evening primrose oil” also showed positive dynamics in their clinical manifestations, including decreased breast pain (from 7.8 to 1.8 on the visual analog scale). By contrast, patients receiving placebo had no changes in their breast pain intensity after 6 months (from 7.3 to 7.1 on the visual analog scale), which resulted in poorer psychoemotional state in 55.6 % of women.Conclusion. Our new treatment strategy for FBD patients with clinical and radiological manifestations in the breast demonstrated high efficiency and can be implemented into routine clinical practice.

Development of a cost-effective compact diode-laser-based photoacoustic sensing instrument for breast tissue diagnosis.

The photoacoustic (PA) technique, a noninvasive pump-probe technique, has found interesting applications in biomedical tissue diagnosis over the last decade. To take it a step further to clinical applications, the PA technique needs to be designed as an instrument focusing on a compact design, reducing the cost, and quickly providing a quantitative diagnosis. This work presents a design and characterization of a cost-effective, compact PA sensing instrument for biomedical tissue diagnosis. A compact laser diode case design is developed to house several laser diodes for PA excitation, and a pulsed current supply unit is also developed in-house to power the laser diodes to generate a 25ns current pulse at a frequency of 20kHz. After PA experimental data acquisition, the signal's frequency spectra were calculated to characterize the tissue quantitatively and correlated with their mechanobiological properties. The corresponding dominant frequency peak in the PA spectral response (PASR) study was low in the fibrofatty normal breast tissue , compared to the dominant frequency peak of in the fibrocystic disease tissue, which had increased glandular and stromal elements, thereby increased tissue density. The histopathological findings correlated with the PASR results, and the fibrocystic breast disease tissue exhibited a higher dominant frequency peak and energy compared to the normal breast tissue. We experimented with an in vitro PASR study of fibrocystic human breast tissues and successfully differentiated different tissue types using quantitative spectral parameters peak frequency, mean frequency, and spectral energy. This gives the potential to take this technique further for cost-effective and quick clinical applications.

Биологическое и клиническое значение 7-гидроксиматаирезинола: от теории к практике

Among all the properties of 7-hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR), the least studied are antitumor ones, including against the background of fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM). Objective. To study the effects of 7-HMR on the growth rate of the tumor node in outbred female mice with a standard model of spontaneous breast cancer (BC; Ehrlich carcinoma, EC), as well as the effect of oral administration of 7-HMR on the balance of estrogen metabolites and their ratios, lipid profile and some clinical aspects of the course of FCM. Materials and methods. Experiment: Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) model with growth stimulation with estradiol valerate (EV, 0.51 mg/kg, female mice (n = 90), 5 groups (n = 18): (1) EC, 7-HMR, 60 mg/ kg/day, i.g., (2) EC, 7-GMR, 120 mg/kg/day, i.g., (3) EC, 7-GMR at a dose of 120 mg/kg per day + EV, i.g., (4) CE + EV, i.g., 21 days, (5) control, CE, no drugs. Results. Administration of EVs led to a slight increase in the growth rate of tumor nodes, which was statistically significantly inhibited by taking 7-HMR (120 mg/kg/day) on day 21: the average volume of a tumor node was 321.9 mm3, (p = 0.007), (control with EV). Sixty women were observed: patients with FCM (~52.6 years) and participants without FCM (n = 20, ~55 years). Estrogen derivatives and their ratios in urine per day were measured: 16a-ONE1, 2-ONE2, 2-ONE1, 4-OMEE2, 2-OMEE1, 4-ONE1, 2-ONE1/16a-ONE1, 2-ONE1/2-OMeE1 and 4-OHE1/4-OMeE1. Hyperestrogenism was detected in patients with FCM. The use of 7-HMR (60 mg/day, 30 days) decreased the content of estradiol (at baseline – 15.10 ± 4.8 μg/day; after taking 7-HMR – 1.63 ± 0.2 μg/day; p &lt; 0.05), estrone (at baseline – 13.99 ± 3.02 mcg/day; after taking 7-GMR. – 2.42 ± 0.03 mcg/day, p &lt; 0.05) in the FCM group. The use of 7-HMR reduced the concentration of 16a-ONE1 in patients with FCM by -1.80 μg/day, p = 0.03. During treatment, an increase in the ratio of 2-ONE1/16a-ONE1 metabolites was detected in the FCM group (at baseline – 1.69 ± 0.09 μg/day, after 7-HMR – 3.7 ± 0.48 μg/day, trend, p = 0.09). In general, in 67.5% of patients with FCM, positive dynamics of therapy were established, including elimination of the pain syndrome of FCM. Key words: Lignans, 7-hydroxymatairesinol, Ehrlich's solid carcinoma, mice, estrogens, combination therapy, fibrocystic breast disease

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Fibrocystic Breast Disease in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Fibrocystic Breast Disease in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Application Value of Ultrasound Elastography Combined With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Quantitative Analysis in Differentiation of Nodular Fibrocystic Changes of the Breast From Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.

This study aimed to compare the value of ultrasound elastography combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) quantitative analysis in the differentiation of nodular fibrocystic breast change (FBC) from breast invasive ductal carcinoma (BIDC). We selected 50 patients each with nodular FBC and BIDC, who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021. Their ultrasonic elastic images and CEUS videos were collected, their ultrasound elastography scores and the ratio of strain rate (SR) of the lesions were determined, and the exported DICOM format videos of CEUS were quantitatively analyzed using VueBox software to obtain quantitative perfusion parameters. The differences between the ultrasound elastography score and SR while comparing nodular FBC and BIDC cases were statistically significant (p < .05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound elastography scores in the differential diagnoses of nodular FBC and BIDC were 74%, 88%, and 81%, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SR in the differential diagnosis of nodular FBC and BIDC were 94%, 78%, and 86%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the CEUS quantitative perfusion parameters PE, AUC (WiAUC, WoAUC, WiWoAUC), and WiPI in both nodular FBC and BIDC according to the VueBox software (p < .05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CEUS quantitative analysis in the differential diagnoses of nodular FBC and BIDC were 66%, 82%, and 74%, respectively. Using the pathological findings as the gold standard, ROC curves were established, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the CEUS quantitative analysis, elasticity score, SR, and ultrasound elastography combined with CEUS quantitative analysis were 0.731, 0.838, and 0.892, as well as 0.945, respectively. Ultrasound elasticity scoring, SR and CEUS quantitative analysis have certain application value for differentiating nodular FBC cases from BIDC; however, ultrasound elasticity imaging combined with CEUS quantitative analysis can help in improving the differential diagnostic efficacy of nodular FBC cases from BIDC.

Assessment of prevalence and factors affecting Mastalgia among early reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundMastalgia, or breast pain, is a prevalent and distressing condition experienced by women, impacting their daily lives and causing complications. It is common among women of reproductive age, with associations found with premenstrual syndrome, fibrocystic breast disease, psychological distress, and, in rare cases, breast cancer. While Western societies have high frequencies of Mastalgia, it is less diagnosed in Asian cultures including Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with Mastalgia among early reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted, and data were collected from different regions of the country. A convenience sampling method was used to take 1,214 participants for the study. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to ascertain factors that were significantly associated with Mastalgia. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software 26 version.ResultsAll the participants were female (mean age: 22.87 ± 2.64 years; age ranges: 18–35 years). The prevalence of Mastalgia was found to be 35.5%. The study was conducted using a self-reported semi-structured questionnaire. Participants with a higher education level and higher income were more likely to experience Mastalgia. A family history of breast cancer and severe abdominal pain during menstruation were also identified as associated factors for Mastalgia (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study enhances our understanding of Mastalgia in Bangladesh, offering insights for healthcare and policy. Further research is required to uncover its root causes and develop effective interventions. The study highlights the prevalence of mastalgia and its related factors, emphasizing the necessity for increased awareness and support for affected women.

Clinicopathological profile of mastalgia in females: incidence, types, and pathological correlations. a cross-Sectional study.

Mastalgia was the most common symptom in patients attending a breast clinic. The two most common types of mastalgia were (cyclical and non-cyclical). The common cause of cyclical was Physiological changes due to premenstrual tension syndrome fibrocystic changes or fibroadenosis and (Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution of the breast ). Non-cyclical diseases are mainly benign rather than malignant. Solid masses (fibroadenomas), cysts, infections, abscesses, trauma, and nipple discharge (hormones) are rare diseases associated with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to study the incidence of mastalgia, types (cyclical and non-cyclical) and pathological types of mastalgia (benign and malignant pathologies). A cross-sectional descriptive study of mastalgia was carried out at the Breast Center Department of Maternity Teaching Hospital located in Erbil, from January 2014 to September 2015. A total of 150 breast pain cases (available clinical data) were studied in detail. There are two types of mastalgia based on triple assessments, these are as follows, cyclical 90 cases (60%) and non-cyclical 60 cases (40%). Fibrocystic breast changes or fibroadenosis 35 cases (23.3%) and thirdly nipple discharges as part of fibrocystic (fibroadenosis) five cases (3.3%). Non-cyclical mastalgia was subdivided into benign breast pathologies, fibroadenoma 30 cases (20%), breast cyst 10 cases (6.7%), nipple discharge (hormonal) five cases (3.3%), mastitis three cases (2%) abscess two cases (1.3%), fat necrosis one case (0.7%), and malignant breast pathologies, cancer three cases (2%). Clinicopathological correlations in the current study were highly significant (P<0.005). Not all discomfort or pain can be diagnosed as mastalgia; occasionally, chest wall, referral pain, and systemic causes can mimic mastalgia. These results highlight the importance of differentiating between cyclical and non-cyclical mastalgia using clinical assessment, sonography, mammography, and blood investigations. Most mastalgia cases are benign, with cyclical mastalgia primarily related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.

The association between fibrocystic breast and thyroid autoimmunity

Aims: The relationship between thyroid disorders and breast diseases including breast cancer and benign breast disease, has been a topic of interest and controversy. Our study aimed to investigate the potential association between autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) Methods: This retrospective study investigated the relationship between atd an FBD. A total of 242 female patients aged 18 years or older were recruited for the study. Data were collected from medical records and patient interviews. The related parameters were recorded for each participant. Results: This study included two hundred forty-two age-matched (29.78±4.55) and body mass index (BMI)-matched (24±2.38) women. A Mann-Whitney test did not find a statistically significant association between the case and control in terms of Free thyroxine (FT4) (p-value&gt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (p-value&lt;0.001), antithyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) (p-value&lt;0.001), and anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-TG) (p-value&lt;0.001). A chi-square test did not find a statistically significant association between thyroid autoantibody and fibrocystic breast test results (p-value &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: While our study did not find a significant association between these two conditions, other studies have reported varying results. Hormonal alterations, autoimmune factors, and genetic predispositions are among the potential mechanisms that could explain the associations observed in some studies.

Сlinical patterns of a malignant phyllodes tumor: a case report

Phyllodes (phylloides) tumors of the breast are uncommon neoplasms accounting for not more than 1 % of all breast tumors. The disease occurs in women of any age, more often at 40–50 years. At early stage, the disease has no specific clinical symptoms or diagnostic signs. In particular, according to Wang Sh. (2017), the clinical diagnosis can be made in some cases only based on the histological examination of the excised material. We present our case report of a malignant phyllodes tumor.A 50-year-old patient had been diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) in 2014. The patient was followed up for a long time, during which the disease was stable. A scheduled examination revealed an irregular lesion in the right breast consistent with fibroadenoma based on cytology findings. The mass had enlarged 4 times over 2 years of follow-up. The biopsy results showed a phyllodes tumor without signs of malignant growth.Conclusion. Women presenting with a breast mass lesion require a multidisciplinary approach for treatment decision. Core needle biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical analyses is the method of choice for the morphological diagnosis of large, rapidly growing tumors. A proper diagnostic tool enables early diagnosis.

A Comparative Study of Danazol alone with Danazol Combined with Evening Primrose Oil in the Treatment of Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Introduction: Mastalgia was described in the medical literature as early as 1829 and is the most common complaint among women of child bearing age. Breast pain among women with or without lump is a common complaint and a cause of significant anxiety and fear of breast cancer. Objective: To assess the Danazol alone with Danazol combined with Evening Primrose Oil in the treatment of Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of surgery, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh from January to July 2022. A total 110 women were selected an initial clinical assessment and breast imaging and had maintained a proper breast pain chart. The registers of the Surgery outdoor Patient department were crosschecked and the list of all females presenting with mastalgia treated with Danazol and Evening Primrose Oil in dosage mentioned for this study was made. A total 100 women were selected an initial clinical assessment and breast imaging and had maintained a proper breast pain chart. Results: The most common age group in cyclical mastalgia was 18-25 years involving 73.2% patients while in non-cyclical mastalgia the most common age group was 26-35 years involving 42.4% patients. 24.7 years and 30.3 years was the mean age for cyclical and noncyclical mastalgia. In our study overall mastalgia showed better useful response with Danazol (59.2%) than with EPO (41.1%) and this difference was statistically significant (Fisher’s exact test 2-tailed p value 0.05). Cyclical mastalgia showed better observed response with Danazol (68.4%) than EPO (46.2%), this difference coming out to be statistically significant, Fisher’s exact test 2- tailed p value 0.02. Non-cyclical mastalgia showed slightly better observed response with Danazol (33.3%) than EPO (27.7%), this difference coming out to be statistically insignificant, Fisher’s exact test 2-tailed p value 0.40. Conclusion: Mastalgia is more common in females in their reproductive ...

Fibrocystadenosis with co-morbidity alleviated with homoeopathy: A case report

The most prevalent benign breast disease, known as fibrocystic breast disease, affects millions of women worldwide. The function, assessment, and treatment of this condition are all influenced by specific hormonal factors. The treatment used in modern medicine are Analgesics, metformin, prime rose oil and surgical removal, yet no permanent relief can be obtained. According to the homoeopathic literature, illnesses such as mastitis, tumor, and fibroadenoma have been effectively treated with homoeopathic medicine, and relatively few case reports concerning fibrocystadenosis have been published. Patient with fibroadenosis has a chance to develop certain co-morbidities like Pcos, fatty liver, etc. A study conducted by Ilknugur Inegol Gumus et al. discovered a statistically significant link between PCOS and fibrocystic breast disease 1. The case presented here concerns fibrocystadenosis in a 27-year-old female who was treated with individualised homoeopathic therapy and had no recurrence after a year. Bryonia was administered as a constitutional remedy following Repertorisation and based on the totality of symptoms. Before and after cyst resolution, investigatory techniques such as mammography and ultrasonography were performed. Since the case shows the disappearance of fibrocystic changes in the left breast and all other general complaints are better so we can conclude the patient is on the path to cure. As the fibrocystic changes in right breast is still there, further treatment and follow-ups will show the final result. Increased long-term efficacy data are required to develop a more efficient cure for fibrocystadenosis.

Imaging and Pathological Correlation in Spectrum of Fibrocystic Breast Disease and its Mimics – our Experience

Background: Fibrocystic change (FCC) of the breast is one of the most common benign breast diseases commonly observed between 20-50 years, with a peak in the perimenopausal age group. Patients present with various symptoms such as lump in the breast, mastalgia (commonly related to the menstrual cycles) or nipple discharge. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective study, which included 172 patients, the imaging findings were observed by ultrasound and X-ray mammogram. Based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) guidelines given by the American college of Radiology (ACR), our imaging findings were classified as BI-RADS 2 in benign lesions, complicated cysts were classified as probably benign - BI-RADS 3. Indeterminate findings were classified as suspicious lesions and BI-RADS 4a/b/c. Imaging and histopathological correlation was performed. Results: Ultrasound findings revealed diffuse/ bilateral abnormalities with the most common finding being simple cysts followed in descending order by complicated cysts, clustered cysts, complex solid cystic masses, solid lesions, duct ectasia, and intraductal lesions. Mammogram showed dense (type C or D) fibro glandular pattern obscuring the lesions, followed by well-defined / partly obscured opacities. Simple cysts and complicated cysts showed predominant features of cyst formation on HPE. Atypical hyperplasia was seen in ductal and complex solid cystic mass lesions. Conclusion: It is essential for radiologists to be familiar with imaging and pathological findings of fibrocystic disease of the breast for further workup and management.