Clinical and pathological study of patients with fibrocystic disease of breast in tertiary care hospital of Gurugram, Haryana

Abstract

A fibrocystic breast disease group of benign breast diseases that consists of fibrocystic breast disease, breast cyst, breast abscess, duct ectasia, cyclic and non-cyclic mastalgia, Gynaecomastia and Mondor's disease. Abnormal hormonal balance and cellular interactions mediated growth factors leading to ductal and cellular hyperplasia is the main pathophysiological cause of the disease. This prospective observational study was conducted on 100 SGT medical college and hospital patients from January 2021 to august 2022 to assess the detailed clinicopathological study of patients with fibrocystic disease breast diagnosed clinically with relevant investigations. In our study, we found that fibroadenoma is the maximum among all Fibrocystic breast diseases, i.e. 34%, with the majority between 11-30 years. It rises in the 2 decade of life and peaks in the 4 decade. Non-cyclic mastalgia constituted 29% of the total cases, with most patients lying in the age group of 31-50 years, where mastalgia was the presenting complaint in most cases. Inflammatory breast diseases formed 4% of the total, with the main presenting symptoms being mastalgia, fever and nipple discharge. Again, it mainly included patients from the age group of 31-50 years. Gynaecomastia and breast abscess were diagnosed in 3 cases, with all lumping on the right side of the breast.Our study attempted to derivate the spectrum of breast diseases in different age groups among patients reporting to SGT medical college and hospital, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana. Apart from the incidence of various fibrocystic diseases, various other facts were recorded. Benign breast lesions were recorded to comprise the bulk of the patients presenting with breast disorders and were maximum in the reproductive age group. Breast sclerosing adenosis should be identified by excluding the malignancy. Most Fibrocystic breast diseases have been managed conservatively.