Fibroblast Cell Line L929 Research Articles

Fabrication of porous bone scaffolds using degradable and mouldable bacterial cellulose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biomaterial extensively studied in tissue engineering due to its favorable properties. Porosity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical durability are essential material properties for scaffold use in tissue engineering. This study aims to fabricate porous scaffolds using a moldable and degradable BC-HAp composite for bone tissue engineering. BC was produced by Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans under static culture conditions. The harvested BC membranes were purified and then mechanically shredded. BC oxidation was performed using different sodium periodate concentrations (0.05–0.5 M) and treatment times (0.5–12 h). Oxidized BCs (oxBC) were modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp), then were moulded, lyophilized, and characterized. The degradability of the scaffolds was determined for 45 days. Cytotoxic analysis of oxBC scaffolds was carried out for 7 days using the L929 fibroblast cell line. The oxidation degrees of the shredded BC samples were between 6.75 and 81%, which increased in line with the increasing concentration and application time of periodate. The scaffolds prepared using oxidized cellulose for 30 and 60 min (oxBC30 and oxBC60) preserved their integrity, These scaffolds showed a weight loss of 9% and 14% in 45 days, respectively. The pore distribution was between 50 and 450 µm and concentrated in the 50–150 µm range. The compression moduli were 88.72 kPa and 138.88 kPa for oxBC30-HAp and oxBC60-HAp, respectively. It was determined that oxBC did not show a significant difference in cell viability compared to the control groups and was not cytotoxic. In conclusion, degradable and more porous bone scaffolds were fabricated using mouldable oxBC.

Development of cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate/silver nanoparticle electrospun mats for antibacterial wound dressing

AbstractIn this study, nanofibers were produced by the electrospinning method by adding 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate (60/40, w/w) mixture. Electrospun materials were cross‐linked by immersion in a glutaraldehyde bath. Thus, antibacterial wound dressings that could be used on exuding wounds were developed. According to the scanning electron microscopy images of nanofibers, the cross‐linking process by immersion method did not cause negative effects such as breakage or adhesion on the surface of fibers. The cross‐linking of nanofibers was demonstrated by the presence of acetal linkages by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The cross‐linking process significantly improved the thermal properties of the nanofibers. The lowest crystallinity calculated in the differential scanning calorimeter was observed in the 3% Ag NP‐added nanofiber with a value of 1.83%. It exhibited the lowest total soluble matter content with a value of 11.98% owing to its high cross‐linking density. In addition, the 3% Ag NP‐added nanofiber, which had the highest toughness and ductility, displayed the highest tensile stress with 3.5 MPa and the highest tensile strain with 7.53%. Moreover, it showed 78.11% cell viability on the L929 fibroblast cell line at the end of the 24th hour. It was indicated that although the electrospun mats maintained 100% antibacterial effectiveness, they could not be used as a wound dressing for 48 h. It was reported that only 3% Ag NP‐added nanofiber could be used as a 100% effective antibacterial wound dressing for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus provided that it was renewed every 24 h. Consequently, it was notified that cross‐linking by the immersion method can be used in biomedical applications.Highlights The antibacterial effects of Ag NP‐doped PVA/NaCAS electrospun mats were significant. The cross‐linking process did not induce toxic effects some of the nanofibers. High cross‐linking density was observed in the nanofibers. The swelling property of nanofibers is a good feature required in an ideal wound dressing.

The Fatty Acid Composition and the MTT-Cytotoxicity Test of Commercially Available Commiphora Gileadensis Balsam Oil

Commiphora gileadensis, an aromatic plant, is traditionally used in Middle Eastern countries to prevent pain and inflammation. Fatty acid composition, peroxide number and free fatty acidity analyzes of commercially available C. gileadensis balsam oil and investigation of its effect on cell viability. Commercially available C. gileadensis balsam oil fatty acid composition, peroxide number and free fatty acidity values were determined by the IUPAC IID19 method, and MTT cell viability tests were performed on L929 fibroblast and HeLa (human epithelial cervical carcinoma) cell lines. Commercially available C. gileadensis balsam oil did not exert cytotoxic effects on both L929 fibroblast and HeLa (human epithelial cervical carcinoma) cell lines and promoted the growth of cell lines. Due to its growth promoting feature on L929 fibroblast cells, which is a healthy cell line, this material can be used as a cell culture medium additive.

Fusariotoxin-Induced Toxicity in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts: A Comparison Between Differentiated and Undifferentiated Cells.

Humans are unknowingly exposed to mycotoxins through the consumption of plant-derived foods and processed products contaminated with these toxic compounds. In addition to agricultural losses, Fusarium toxins pose a threat to human health. However, the effects of fusariotoxins on the viability and proliferation of stem cells have not been fully explored. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and B-trichothecene mix (MIX) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the L929 fibroblast cell line. MSCs were isolated from the dental pulp tissue. The doubling time and viability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and L929 cells were determined using the MTT assay. The following doses of B-trichothecenes (0.25-16 µg/mL; 24 hours and 48 hours) were used to evaluate cytotoxicity. In addition, changes in the confluency-dependent response of DPSCs to DON toxicity were determined. Moreover, we investigated the effect of DON on cell death via acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining. A DON and MIX showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of both cells. DPSCs exposed to DON for 48 hours (IC50 = 0.5 μg/mL) were found to be 16-fold more sensitive than L929 cells (IC50 = 8 μg/mL). Compared with a culture with 80% confluency, DPSCs from a 50% confluent culture were more sensitive to varying doses of DON (0.25-4 µg/mL, 24-48 hours). Moreover, AO/EB staining showed that treatment of DPSCs with DON led to a significant increase in cell death (17% for 2.4 µg/mL; 50% for 4.8 µg/mL). This study reveals that undifferentiated MSCs are significantly more sensitive to DON than differentiated somatic cells (L929). Given that humans are frequently exposed to these mycotoxins, our findings imply that prolonged exposure to them may also have harmful effects on cellular differentiation and embryonic development.

Cytotoxicity of Laser-Synthesized Nanoparticles of Elemental Bismuth.

High X-ray absorption combined with photothermal properties make bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NP) a promising agent for multimodal cancer theranostics. However, the synthesis of Bi NP by the "classical" chemical methods has numerous limitations, including potential toxicity of the produced nanomaterials. Here we studied in vitro toxicity of laser-synthesized Bi NP coated with Pluronic F-127 on mouse fibroblast cell line L929. The survival of L929 cells decreased linearly with increasing the concentration of Bi NP in a concentration range of 3-500 μg/ml; the LC50 value was 57 μg/ml. The unique combination of functional properties and moderate toxicity of the laser-synthesized Bi NP makes them a new promising platform for sensitization of multimodal cancer theranostics.

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY POTENTIAL OF ALOE VERA GEL: ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS IN HEPG2 AND L929

Background: The place of natural and herbal products in alternative therapy is very important. A.vera is also an important plant that can be used in alternative therapy. Our study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects of Aloe vera gel on HepG2 and L929 cell lines. Methods: The effects of A.vera on HepG2 and L929 were evaluated via the MTT analysis. The total antioxidant status and DPPH methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. Results: In our study, the mean cytotoxic effect on HepG2 of A.vera was determined to be 60.47 mg/mL at 24 hours and 44.64 mg/mL at 48 hours. In a healthy L929 fibroblast cell line, the best stimulating effect of A. vera was in 48 hours, and the EC50 value was calculated as 21.98±18.87 µg/ml. TAS was determined to be 0.2 mmol/L in A. vera. Free radical scavenging activity was determined at 21.58 mg/mL Conclusions: According to the obtained data, it was determined that A. vera gel has a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2, while it has a proliferative effect on healthy cells. The fact that A. vera gel has antioxidant capacity, together with its positive effects on cells, shows that it can be an important support in treatments.

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT CARMUSTINE FORMULATIONS AGAINST U-87 MG HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELL LINE

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a frequent as well as violent type of brain tumor. In this research work, different carmustine formulations were prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activity against U-87 MG glioblastoma and normal human fibroblast L-929 cell lines. The flexible liposomes embedded in situ nasal gel exhibited maximum percentage of growth inhibition against U-87 MG glioblastoma cell line, and in situ nasal gel exhibited lowest percentage of growth inhibition against U-87 MG glioblastoma cell lines. Flexible liposomes embedded in situ nasal gel is observed to be safe and biocompatible against normal human fibroblast L-929 cell line. In cellular uptake study, U-87 MG cell line treated with flexible liposomes embedded in situ thermoreversible intranasal gel emitted stronger and higher intensity fluorescence. It seems that the presence of flexible liposomes embedded in situ thermoreversible nasal gel inside the tumor cells, and would be the best carmustine delivery approach for the management of GBM.

The Characterization and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Chondrosia reniformis Collagen Isolated from Different Body Parts (Ectosome and Choanosome) Envisaging the Development of Biomaterials.

Chondrosia reniformis is a collagen-rich marine sponge that is considered a sustainable and viable option for producing an alternative to mammalian-origin collagens. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the properties of collagen isolated from different sponge parts, namely the outer region, or cortex, (ectosome) and the inner region (choanosome), and how it affects the development of biomaterials. In this study, a brief histological analysis focusing on C. reniformis collagen spatial distribution and a comprehensive comparative analysis between collagen isolated from ectosome and choanosome are presented. The isolated collagen characterization was based on isolation yield, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), SDS-PAGE, dot blot, and amino acid composition, as well as their cytocompatibility envisaging the development of future biomedical applications. An isolation yield of approximately 20% was similar for both sponge parts, as well as the FTIR, CD, and SDS-PAGE profiles, which demonstrated that both isolated collagens presented a high purity degree and preserved their triple helix and fibrillar conformation. Ectosome collagen had a higher OHpro content and possessed collagen type I and IV, while the choanosome was predominately constituted by collagen type IV. In vitro cytotoxicity assays using the L929 fibroblast cell line displayed a significant cytotoxic effect of choanosome collagen at 2 mg/mL, while ectosome collagen enhanced cell metabolism and proliferation, thus indicating the latter as being more suitable for the development of biomaterials. This research represents a unique comparative study of C. reniformis body parts, serving as a support for further establishing this marine sponge as a promising alternative collagen source for the future development of biomedical applications.

In Vitro Release of Glycyrrhiza Glabra Extract by a Gel-Based Microneedle Patch for Psoriasis Treatment.

Microneedle patches are attractive drug delivery systems that give hope for treating skin disorders. In this study, to first fabricate a chitosan-based low-cost microneedle patch (MNP) using a CO2 laser cutter for in vitro purposes was tried and then the delivery and impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (GgE) on the cell population by this microneedle was evaluated. Microscopic analysis, swelling, penetration, degradation, biocompatibility, and drug delivery were carried out to assess the patch's performance. DAPI staining and acridine orange (AO) staining were performed to evaluate cell numbers. Based on the results, the MNs were conical and sharp enough (diameter: 400-500 μm, height: 700-900 μm). They showed notable swelling (2 folds) during 5 min and good degradability during 30 min, which can be considered a burst release. The MNP showed no cytotoxicity against fibroblast cell line L929. It also demonstrated good potential for GgE delivery. The results from AO and DAPI staining approved the reduction in the cell population after GgE delivery. To sum up, the fabricated MNP can be a useful recommendation for lab-scale studies. In addition, a GgE-loaded MNP can be a good remedy for skin disorders in which cell proliferation needs to be controlled.

Multifunctional silk fibroin and cellulose acetate composite nanofibers incorporated with palladium and platinum nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing: Comprehensive characterization and in vivo assessment

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that relies on various factors for optimal tissue regeneration. Current wound management methods often lack the efficiency needed to address these challenges. In this study, we prepared and conducted a comprehensive analysis of silk fibroin and cellulose acetate composite nanofibers incorporated with palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, emphasizing their potential as advanced materials for wound healing. Electron microscopy reveals nanofibrous scaffolds with interconnected fibers, an average diameter of 168.95 ± 135.79 nm, and Pd and Pt nanoparticles of 10.64 nm and 9.21 nm, with thicknesses ranging from 1.48 nm to 2.13 nm. The analysis of swelling, degradation, porosity, and mechanical strength highlights their capacity to absorb exudates from wound surfaces, promote cell adhesion, and support tissue regeneration. In vitro evaluation demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zone values of 16 mm and 18 mm, respectively. Cell migration, proliferation, and biocompatibility are assessed using the L929 fibroblast cell line with the ethidium bromide (EtBr) dye. In vivo studies on Sprague-Dawley rats indicate SF/CA/Pd-Pt composite nanofibers have exceptional wound healing efficiency, reaching 99.31% compared to the SF/CA matrix. High hemocompatibility, with erythrocyte percentages ranging from 1.6% to 4.1%, further supports these nanofibers wound healing properties. Histopathological analysis, employing hematoxylin and eosin staining, provides valuable insights into tissue regeneration, assessing reepithelialization, granulation, angiogenesis, and reduced inflammation. These findings emphasize the potential of Pd and Pt nanoparticles incorporated into SF/CA composite nanofiber scaffolds as advanced biomedical materials, particularly for wound healing applications.

Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine-encapsulated halloysite nanotubes incorporated in presurgical orthopedic appliances: an in vitro, controlled study.

Presurgical infant's orthopedic appliances (PSIOs) play an increasingly crucial role in the interdisciplinary management of neonatal CLP, aiming to improve and maintain adequate nasolabial aesthetics, followed by primary lip/nasal surgery in both unilateral and bilateral CLP cases. The use of PSIOs in cleft lip and palate patients can lead to contamination with oral microflora, acting as a potential reservoir for infectious microorganisms. Acrylic surfaces might provide retention niches for microorganisms to adhere, and inhabit, which is difficult to control in immunocompromised patients, thus predisposing them to increased infection risks. The objective of this multi-assay in vitro study was to investigate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine-loaded halloysite nanotubes (CHX-HNTs) fillers on the morphological, cytotoxic, release, and antimicrobial characteristics of self-cured acrylic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material used in pre-surgical orthopedic appliances. Disk-shaped PMMA specimens were prepared with varying proportions of CHX-HNTs. A control group without any addition served as a reference, and four experimental samples contained a range of different concentrations of CHX-HNTs (1.0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 wt%). The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using an agar diffusion test against common reference microorganisms: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Cytotoxicity was examined using the L929 cell line (mouse fibroblasts) through a (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT) cell viability assay. The release kinetics of CHX were monitored using UV-spectral measurements. The statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The integration of CHX-HNTs in PMMA exhibited a substantial dose-dependent antifungal and antibacterial effect against microorganisms at tested mass fractions (1.0 to 4.5 wt%). CHX release was sustained for up to 60 days, supporting prolonged antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, no significant cytotoxicity was determined in the L929 fibroblast cell line (control), indicating the biocompatibility of the CHX-HNTs-enhanced PMMA. Incorporating CHX-HNTs in PMMA successfully enhanced its antimicrobial properties, providing sustained CHX release and superior antimicrobial efficacy. These findings demonstrate the potential of antimicrobial nanoparticles in dental therapies to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, rigorous further clinical trials and observational studies are warranted to validate the practical application, safety, and efficacy. This study has the potential to make a major impact on the health of infants born with cleft lip and palate by helping to reduce the prevalence of infectious illnesses. The incorporation of CHX-HNTs into PMMA-based appliances is a novel promising preventive approach to reduce microbial infections.

Unravelling the mechanism of apoptosis induced by copper(II) complexes of NN2-pincer ligands in lung cancer cells.

The invention of efficient chemotherapeutic drugs is essential for human health and development. Keeping this in mind, a series of copper(II) pincer complexes, 1-4, of ligands L1(H) = 2-morpholino-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide, L2(H) = 2-di-n-propylamino-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide, L3(H) = 2-di-n-butylamino-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide and L4(H) = 2-di-n-benzylamino-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide have been synthesized, characterized, and utilized for inhibiting cancer proliferation. Complexes 1-4 showed very efficient activity against lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, which are the most frequently diagnosed cancers according to the WHO. Among them, 1 was highly active against lung cancer cells with an IC50 value of 8 μM, showing no toxicity towards common L929 fibroblast cell lines (IC50 > 1000 μM). Moreover, AO-EB staining inferred that this cellular demise was attributed to apoptosis, which was determined to be 25.91% of cells by flow cytometry at the IC50 concentration. Furthermore, carboxy-H2DCFDA staining revealed the involvement of ROS in the mechanism. Interestingly, JC-1 dye staining revealed a change in the potential of the mitochondrial membrane, which indicates the enhanced production of ROS in mitochondria. A deep search for the mechanism through in silico studies guided us to the fact that complexes 1-4 might perturb the function of complex I in mitochondria. Furthermore, the studies can be expanded towards clinical applications mainly with morpholine appended complex 1.

Single-step, electrophoretically deposited hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/gentamicin coating for biomedical applications

Biocomposite hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/gentamicin coatings were fabricated on titanium by electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) from an aqueous suspension using the constant voltage method. Characterization of the deposited coatings was performed by scanning electron microscopy with field emission (FE–SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. The concentration of the released gentamicin was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS). The release profile confirmed an initial “burst-release effect” with ~ 30% of gentamicin released in the first 48 h, which could be of assistance in the prevention of biofilm formation. Antibacterial activity was proven by the agar diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus TL and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacterial strains. Cytotoxicity was tested by the dye exclusion test (DET) on MRC-5 and L929 fibroblast cell lines, with both coatings expressing nontoxicity. The results showed the high applicability potential of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based biocomposite coating for medical purposes.

Architecture of a dual biocompatible platform to immobilize genistin: fabrication with physio-chemical and in vitro evaluation

The design of biocompatible cell culture substrates and electrospun nanofibers can improve cell proliferation and behavior in laboratory conditions for tissue engineering applications in medicine. In this research, genistin was obtained by extracting from soybean meal powder, and then by adding polycaprolactone (PCL), genistin nanocapsules were prepared. For the first time, we used a lipophilic nanophase (encapsulated genistin) coated in a hydrophilic nanophase (gelatin /polyvinyl alcohol) as a dual nanosystem by the electrospinning method. In the approach, the nanofibers mimic the natural extracellular matrix, interact favorably with cells being cultured from one side, and raise the local concentration of a bioactive compound at the cell surface. The encapsulated drug which was inserted in fibers with a loading percentage of 92.01% showed appropriate and significant controlled release using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To prove the experiments, analysis using an ultraviolet–visible spectrometer (UV–Vis), 1H NMR spectrometer, Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), mechanical test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscope transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed. The sample synthesized with 40% drug using the MTT method exhibited remarkable biological effects, viability, and non-toxicity. Additionally, significant proliferation and adhesion on the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 were observed within a 72-h timeframe.

Tailoring antimicrobial characteristic and mechanical behavior with silver in leucite–glass–ceramics for hard tissue engineering

AbstractLeucite glass–ceramics are excellent dental restorative materials, but they have relatively poor fracture toughness and high hardness, which leads to lower damage tolerance and counter‐tooth wear, respectively. These materials are also susceptible to bacterial infections and biofilm formations. Here, we report a versatile material leucite–silver‐based glass–ceramic to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Silver was incorporated in leucite (K2O·Al2O3·4SiO2) glass–ceramic to improve the fracture toughness, reduce hardness, and impart antibacterial characteristics. Silver (2, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) was added into the leucite glass matrix by two approaches, that is, using silver nanoflakes (AgNFs) and using precursor (AgNO3), via thermal decomposition, followed by a sintering process. The incorporation of silver was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Results showed that the hardness of the leucite‐silver composite material was reduced by 30% and indentation toughness improved by 47% as determined by Vickers indentation. Antibacterial characteristics of the material were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy was done to see the morphology of damaged bacteria and colonies. Further, antibacterial activity was quantified using the colony formation unit counting method. All the samples showed antibacterial activity and the sample with the highest silver content, that is, 15 wt.% showed maximum potential to damage the bacteria. Inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy analysis is done in phosphate buffer saline solution to quantify the amount of silver leached out from the leucite‐silver glass–ceramic samples. It was seen that the cumulative leached‐out silver over 3 days was less than 4 μg/cm2 which is well within the daily tolerance limit (5 μg/kg/day) of silver for the human body. Further, to confirm the cell viability, a cytocompatibility test is performed using L929 fibroblast and AW8507 oral cell lines. Cell viability of more than 80% was achieved, suggesting their suitability for biomedical applications. It is believed that the developed material can be a potential candidate for various applications like dental restorations, implants, and coating material for different substrates (SS 304, SS 316, Ti6Al4V, etc.) to protect them from bacterial infections and biofilm formation, etc.

In vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Inula viscosa’s Different Extracts on Wound Healing and Oxidative Stress in Mouse L929 Fibroblast Cell Line

This study evaluated the effects of extracts prepared using two different methods (decoction extraction and, soxhlet ethyl acetate/hexane extraction) from Inula viscosa on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and wound healing model in mouse L929 fibroblast cells. The cytotoxic effect started to disappear statistically (p

Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the anticancer activity of Ce3+ doped CuFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles in MCF-7 cell lines

In the present study, we successfully prepared nanoparticles of Ce-doped Copper ferrite, CuCexFe2-xO4(x = 0.00, 0.03, and 0.05), in the nanoscale using the chemical co-precipitation technique. The structure, composition, optical properties, and morphological information of the obtained ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed by making use of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM) studies, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis, and Energy-dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and the UV–Vis-NIR Spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of CuCexFe2-xO4 nanoparticles (NPs) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was evaluated using the MTT assay. The NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with lower concentrations (<25 µg/mL) being safe and biocompatible, while higher concentrations reduced cell viability and disrupted L929 fibroblast cell lines. Double staining and flow cytometry experiments revealed that apoptosis is one of the mechanisms by which CuCexFe2-xO4 NPs induce cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found in the presence NPs. To harness the full potential of this nanoparticle formulation, it is recommended that future investigations encompass a wide range of in vitro and in vivo models. These subsequent studies will significantly contribute to the expanding body of knowledge concerning the synthesis of composite nanoparticle formulations for use as anticancer agents.

Bioactive Fe Foam for Degradable Bone Graft Cages

Fe foams when combined with a proper surface coating can be effectively used as a biodegradable metal with improved biocompatibility and bioactivity. Herein, Fe foams prepared via powder metallurgy route coated with two different bioactive coatings namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/bioglass (BG) and polylactic acid (PLA)/BG are investigated. The effect of hydrophilic PVA and hydrophobic PLA, in conjunction with BG, has been examined. The study of biomineralization, degradation, and weight loss of the composite‐coated material over a period of 28 days is compared with that of the uncoated Fe foam samples in simulated body fluid. The composite coatings on the Fe foam effectively tailor the degradation with enhanced biomineralization. The composite‐coated material exhibits viability toward the L929 fibroblast cell line. The work reveals the great potential of Fe foams to be used as a biodegradable metallic material for temporary implant applications such as bone graft cages.

Chitosan-modified magnesium oxide hybrid nanomaterial: A dual approach for bacterial and cancer cell eradication

Surface modification of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles with organic biopolymers has endowed these particles with multifunctional properties, making them versatile in the field of nanomedicine. In the present study, magnesium oxide and chitosan modified magnesium oxide is synthesised by green method. Amomum subulatum Roxb is used as a nucleating agent. Various characteristic techniques used on the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial demonstrated that the antibacterial and anticancer activities are attributed to the generated reactive oxygen species. The antibacterial activity exhibited appreciable efficacy of chitosan modified magnesium oxide hybrid nanomaterial against the tested bacterial strains compared to its counter parts. The zone of inhibition was in the range of 12-23 mm. Additionally, the anticancer potential was evaluated against human breast cancer cells, showing a significant effect for chitosan modified magnesium oxide hybrid nanomaterial with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 35 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL for MgO. Cytotoxicity assays conducted on the human fibroblast L929 cell line revealed a cell viability rate of 80% and 87% for magnesium oxide and chitosan modified magnesium oxide hybrid nanomaterial. Overall, these findings indicate that chitosan modified magnesium oxide hybrid nanomaterial holds promise for applications in the biomedical field.

Development of a Cu/ZnO@ZIF-8 nanocomposite as a pH-responsive drug delivery vehicle for the sustained release of doxorubicin in human lung cancer cell lines

Nowadays the targeted drug release from a stable and non-toxic drug delivery vehicle is an onerous task. In this work, we developed a ZIF-8 based nanocomposite by the incorporation of copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles onto the ZIF-8 frameworks. The formation of the composite was confirmed with the help of various spectral analyses such as FTIR, UV–visible, PXRD, XPS, TEM, SEM-EDS, TG/DTG, BET, and photoluminescent spectroscopy. The feasibility of the material as a drug delivery vehicle was analyzed by loading doxorubicin (DOX) and monitoring its release in human lung cancer cell line A549 under different pH conditions such as 1.2, 5.5, and 7.4. The release kinetics is in good agreement with the Higuchi model with a regression coefficient of 0.9999. The composite possesses a better drug loading capacity of 43.2 % and follows a sustained release kinetics at pH 5.5. The biocompatibility of the material is also noticed by monitoring the in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer activity through MTT assay. The composite material shows a cytotoxicity of 71.99 % against human lung cancer cell line A549 and cell viability of 37 % towards the normal fibroblast cell line L929 at 100 μg/mL. The anticancer activity of the composite loaded with DOX was compared with the pure DOX. The results showed that the composite loaded with DOX shows better anticancer activity than that of pure DOX with an IC50 of 69.89 μg/mL, lower than that of pure DOX (85.52 μg/mL). The combined effect such as better drug loading, sustained and pH-responsive release and potential anticancer activity leads to the conclusion that the ZIF-8 based nanocomposite can be used as a better therapeutic agent against human lung cancer cell line A549.