Fibroblast Counts Research Articles

IPS cell transplantation in a mouse model – A semiquantitative assessment

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-transplantation as a therapy on wound healing using a splinted wound mouse model. Eighteen clinically healthy female mice were treated with 1μg/g of dexamethasone intramuscular injection once a day for three consecutive days to induce immunosuppression. Under anaesthesia, two sterile wounds were made on shaved backs of each mouse via biopsy punch. With a gap of 20 mm in-between, six injections were delivered once, around the two wounds before the wounds were adhered with splints and wound dressing. The mice were divided into two groups; Group A was given 7 × 10 5 iPS cells in each injection, and while Group B were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride instead. Wound closure rates were determined through timed scaled photography and analyses with GNU Image Manipulation Program. Three mice from each group were euthanised every 7 days post-wounding, immediately after which wound beds and blood were harvested. Wound beds were fixed, processed, blocked, and sectioned. Sections were stained with HE Masson’s Trichrome; and immunolabeled for CD31 and CD68; and then examined under a compound microscope subjected to a scoring scheme. From this semiquantitative assessment, Group A sections scored better in angiogenesis on day 7 (p = 0.057), a vital process in the proliferation stage, and hypodermis regeneration on day 21 (p = 0.006), which suggests the wound healing is complete. Together, these findings suggest Group A was ahead in the process of wound healing; although results from lymphocyte count, fibroblast count, granulation tissue, collagen, and wound closure were not statistically significant.

Histopathological evaluation of the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on capsule occurrence around silicone breast prosthesis: an experimental study

Background In general, capsular contracture is the underlying cause of complications such as pain, stiffening, breast asymmetry, and animation deformity that are seen in the late postoperative period due to the use of silicone breast prostheses. Considering the positive effects of HBO therapy on wound healing, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HBO therapy on capsule reaction occurring due to silicone implants. Material and Methods Rats were divided into four groups. 1 cm × 1 cm silicone implants with rough surface were inserted in subcutaneous plane on the m spinotrapezius muscle fascia at just right of the dorsal region midline in rats in Group 1, while implants with same properties were inserted beneath m spinotrapezius muscle in rats in Group 2. Implants with the same properties were inserted in the subcutaneous area on the m spinotrapezius muscle in rats in Group 3 and into the area under the muscle in rats in Group 4. Beginning from the first postoperative day, rats in Groups 3 and 4 received HBO therapy for 90 min under 2.5 ATM pressure as one session a day over 15 days. Results The mean capsule thickness was statistically significantly lower in the groups treated with HBO compared to the control groups. Fibroblast, neutrophil and macrophage counts were statistically significantly lower in the groups treated with HBO compared to the control groups. Conclusion We believe that HBO therapy can be used as an adjuvant treatment options to decrease capsule contraction occurring after silicone implant application.

The effects of valsartan on scar maturation in an experimental rabbit ear wound model

Introduction In our study, we aimed to search and compare the effects of valsartan and enalapril on the pathological scar formation on the basis of histomorphological parameters. Materials and Methods Nine New Zealand albino male rabbits, which were divided into three groups, were included in the study. A previously described rabbit ear wound model was used. Enalapril was administered 0.75 mg/kg/day on the first group and valsartan was administered 10 mg/kg/day on the second group for 40 days. The third group was the control group. Results were evaluated on the 40th day with scar elevation index calculation and histological studies. Histological studies were done by using Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome and Sirius Red stains. Results Enalapril and valsartan groups were both significantly effective on the prevention of pathological scar formation when compared to the control group in terms of fibroblast count, capillary count, type 1/3 collagen ratio, collagen organization, and epithelial thickness. There was no significant difference between the enalapril and control group on the scar elevation index. Valsartan group was more efficient than the enalapril group on the reduction of fibroblast count and epithelial thickness. Conclusion Both Valsartan and Enalapril are found to be effective for the prevention of pathological scar formation.

Effect of ozone therapy on wound healing in the buccal mucosa of rats

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy on wound healing formed experimentally in the oral cavity of rats. DesignTwo surgical wounds were generated on the cheeks of 24 Wistar rats, bilaterally. Half of the animals were submitted to ozone therapy on both wounds (experimental group) and the other half received no treatment (control group). In the experimental group, wounds were exposed to ozone gas 1, 2 or 3 (60 μg/mL) times. Evaluation of wound healing of the buccal mucosa was followed for 1, 3 and 7 days. The distribution of neutrophils, fibroplasia and angiogenesis were analyzed. Samples were classified in a healing numerical scale according to the inflammatory intensity. Data were submitted to Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 0.05). ResultsOn day 1, wounds were similar in both groups, lesions were open and bloody with slightly minor bleeding in the ozone therapy group. On day 3, the group with ozone therapy was almost all refurbished and with higher angiogenesis, while the control group still had more bloody points and lower blood vessels. On day 7, both wounds were remodeled, with higher fibroplasia in the group that received ozone therapy. ConclusionIt can be concluded that ozone therapy was effective in improving angiogenesis and fibroblasts count in the buccal mucosa of rats.

Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Expression in Lesional Skin of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis-Association With Disease Severity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate Gal-1 and Gal-3 expression in the lesional skin of patients with scleroderma regarding disease severity and organ involvement. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed as systemic sclerosis (SSc), after informed consent. Clinical and serological profiles were reviewed from medical records. Lesional skin biopsies were taken by losange incision from patients. Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared with normal skin of a healthy patient. Parametric statistical analysis was done with Student t test and Pearson coefficient. Significance was established as p ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Biopsies of 10 patients and a healthy control (9 female, 1 male) were analyzed. The mean age was 54.5 years (18-74 years). Four of 10 patients had diffuse, 4 had limited scleroderma, 1 had overlap syndrome, and 1 had sclerodermiform graft-versus-host disease. The mean fibroblasts count per field was 13.2 in scleroderma versus 7.2 in normal skin. The mean expression of Gal-1 in scleroderma fibroblasts was 13% (0%-56%) and 47.5% for Gal-3 (6.5%-95.5%); in normal skin, the mean expression was 91% (90%-95%) for Gal-1 and 97% (89%-100%) for Gal-3. A higher Gal-3 expression in scleroderma (within its lower expression compared with normal skin) was associated with pulmonary artery hypertension (p = 0.004) and to a higher modified Rodnan's skin score (p = 0.0003). In a similar manner, anti-centromere antibodies were associated with a higher Gal-1 expression in SSc skin fibroblasts (p = 0.04). Gal-1 and Gal-3 had a lower expression in scleroderma lesional skin compared with a normal control. We found a significant correlation between a higher Gal-3 expression (within the lower ones compared with normal skin) in fibroblasts from SSc patients and severe disease (pulmonary hypertension and a higher modified Rodnan's skin score) compared with patients with lower expression of this protein. Similarly, the presence of anti-centromere antibodies was associated with a higher expression of Gal-1 within this group of patients.

The effects of human amniotic membrane on silicone related capsule formation in rats

Silicone breast implants are commonly used materials in plastic surgery for breast augmentation and reconstruction and the most severe complication of silicone implants are capsule contraction which occurs in 40% of patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate how the amniotic membrane alters the capsule formation effects of silicone 24 wistar rats were used in the study. We placed a bare silicone block into the left side (Subgroup A) and single layer amniotic membrane coated silicone block into the right side (Subgroup B) of the rats back. The rats were then separated into three groups and in group 1 rats were euthanized after 3 weeks, in group 2 after 12 weeks and in group 3 after 24 weeks. Then capsule thickness, fibroblast and lymphocyte cell counts were evaluated for each sample. In Group 2 and group 3, the capsule thickness in Subgroup B was detected to be statistically significantly lower than that in Subgroup A. In Group 1, 2, and 3, the lymphocyte count in the capsule tissue taken from Subgroup B was lower than Subgroup A but the difference was not statistically significant. In Group 2 and 3, the fibrocyte count detected in the capsule tissue in Subgroup B was found to be statistically significantly lower than Subgroup A. the amniotic membrane was demonstrated to reduce capsule thickness by the antifibrinolytic effect in our study.

The Effect of Oral Consumption of Propolis Alone and in Combination With Silver Nanoparticles on Wound Healing in Male Wistar Rats.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of orally administered propolis (a resinous substance found in beehives), alone and in combination with silver nanoparticles (SNPs), on the wound healing process in male rats. Forty (40) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each: 1 control group received no treatment, and 3 study groups received a daily dose of 1) propolis (100 mg/kg), 2) propolis + 30 ppm SNPs, or 3) propolis + 60 ppm SNPs. Healing rate was determined by wound surface area reduction on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-surgery. On day 12 after wound creation, histological changes of wound healing, including number of new vessels, inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells) and fibroblasts were counted based on morphology using a 400x objective lens, and collagen deposition density was determined using hematoxylin and eosin and trichrome staining, respectively. The histological scores were based on a 0 to 4 scale from lowest to highest amount of improving tissue status and were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t test, and Mann-Whitney U test to examine differences among the groups. Significance was set at P <.05. The rate of wound healing was significantly different between the control and the treated groups on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 (percent change was not assessed on day 12) post-surgery, especially in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group compared to the control group. This difference was more significant on days 6 (wound healing percentage [WHP]: 75% and 45%) and 8 (WHP: 88% and 65% ) post-surgery (P <.001). Mean neutrophil count on day 12 was highest in the control (34.8 ± 2.97) and lowest in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (16.55 ± 2.12). The number of eosinophils on day 12 was considerably higher in the control group (1.05 ± 4) compared to those in the propolis group (3 ± 0.70), propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (60/0 ± 1/1), and propolis + 60 ppm SNPs group (0.5 ± 0.52) (P <.001). Mean propolis + 30 ppm SNPs scores for epithelialization and granulation tissue formation were 3 and 4, respectively; in the propolis + 60 ppm SNPs, scores were 2 and 3, respectively; in the propolis alone group scores were 2 and 3, respectively (statistical significance not computed for semiquantitative values). The highest fibroblast count was in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (114.44 ± 3.90) compared to control group (73.2 ± 2.8); P <.001). The difference in collagen fiber density scores was also significant: 1.2 ± 0.42 in the control and 3.66 ± 0.50 in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group; (P <.001). The mean of collagen fiber density in the propolis + 60 ppm SNPs group was 2.63 ± 0.51. Oral propolis alone and in combination with 30 ppm SNPs appears to provide anti-inflammatory effects and increase fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in experimental wounds, which may explain the observed differences in healing. Propolis + 60 ppm SNPs appears to have a cytotoxic effect. Research confirming these results and that examines toxicity levels in animals and humans is needed.

TO EVALUATE THE OUTCOME OF TYMPANOPLASTY TYPE I USING DRY AND WET TEMPORALIS FASCIA GRAFT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL.

Aim: to evaluate the outcome of tympanoplasty type I using dry and wet temporalis fascia graft.&#x0D; Methods The present Randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of ENT, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar . Among 100 patients attended the OPD of the ENT and diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 50 each: one group underwent dry graft tympanoplasty and the other underwent wet graft tympanoplasty.&#x0D; Results: The dry graft and wet graft groups had overall surgical success rates of 82 and 88 per cent, respectively; this finding was not statistically significant. A statistically significant high fibroblast count was observed in wet grafts.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study concluded that the dry or wet temporalis fascia graft did not affect the outcome of type I underlay tympanoplasty significantly. However, using wet temporalis fascia could shorten the duration of surgery in type I underlay tympanoplasty.&#x0D; Keywords: tympanoplasty; wet graft, dry graft, temporalis fascia

The Inflammatory and Foreign Body Reaction of Polymethyl Methacrylate Glaucoma Drainage Device in the Rabbit Eye.

PurposeTo assess the safety and tissue response of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) glaucoma drainage device (GDD) in the rabbit eye.MethodsSpecially constructed PMMA GDD devices were implanted into rabbit eyes and evaluated histopathologically following euthanasia on days 5, 30, and 60 after implantation surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff were used to stain tissue specimens dissected from the surgical site. Inflammatory cell count and capsule thickness measurements were performed.ResultsThree rabbits were sacrificed on day 5, 3 on day 30, and 4 on day 60. Macrophage and lymphocyte counts increased from day 5 to day 30 then decreased (P = 0.0000) with greater counts seen in the superior regions. At day 30, a fibrous capsule had formed around the plate area. Fibroblast counts increased significantly between day 5 to day 30 and again to day 60 (P = 0.001) with greatest numbers anteriorly. The inferior capsule thickness at day 60 was 243 µm (standard deviation, 120; 95% confidence interval: 53-433). The superior capsule thickness was 388 µm (standard deviation, 136; 95% confidence interval: 172-604). No adverse reactions were seen.ConclusionsHistopathologically, the inflammatory response toward this PMMA glaucoma drainage device was comparable to other reported GDDs. No accentuated response or adverse event was seen suggesting that PMMA may be useful as a GDD material.Translational RelevanceAn affordable, locally built GDD is needed in Indonesia because of the high prevalence of severe glaucoma. This rabbit study is a significant step toward justifying the use of PMMA as a GDD material. PMMA is cheap and easily manufactured and sterilized in developing economies.

THE EFFECT OF BEVACIZUMAB ON ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTINEXPRESSION AND FIBROBLAST COUNT TO PREVENT POSTTRABECULECTOMY FIBROSIS IN NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT

Background, the wound healing process is the most common cause of glaucoma surgery failure that causes the incapability of controlling the intraocular pressure (IOP) and progressive optic nerve damage. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of Bevacizumab on myofibroblast and fibroblast in trabeculectomy area of rabbit models in order to find a safer wound healing modulator to improve surgical outcomes. Method: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits aged 4-6 months and weight between2,5-3,5 kg was performed trabeculectomy on the right eye with postoperative subconjunctival injection of BSS and Bevacizumab. Subjects were put into control and bevacizumab group. Examination were done and subjects were terminated and performed enucleation on postoperative day 14. Samples were histologically stained with Haematoxyline-Eosin to count the fibroblast. Result: Mann Whitney u test and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. We found both less expression of alpha smooth muscle act in and fibroblast count on bevacizumab group compared to control group which indicates less myofibroblast, fibroblast, and less scarring potential in trabeculectomy area. There is significant decrease in expression of α-SMA in bevacizumab group compared to control group (p= 0,0195), and with independent t-test we found less fibroblast in bevacizumab group significantly (p= 0,0005). Conclusion: Bevacizumab inhibits fibroblast proliferation and its differentiation to myofibroblast that lead to less collagen production and fibrosis.

Histomorphometric analysis of the effects of grape seed extract (vitis vinifera) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on fracture healing

Aim: In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of supplementary Grape Seed Extract (GSE) and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on fracture healing, oxidant and anti-oxidant system in experimental mandible fractures.Material and Methods: 48 Wistar Albino rats (adult male, n=48) were used in our study. For all the subjects, a vertical fracture line through molar teeth in right mandibles was created and internally fixed using a four-hole microplate and four micro screws. Firstly, these subjects were randomly divided into 4 main groups (Control, GSE, LLLT, GSE+LLLLT) of 12 animals each, and then these were individually separated into two sub-groups of 7th and 21st days. The number of groups (n=6) was 8 in total. GSE of 300 mg/kg/day were provided to the subjects before they were sacrificed. LLLT of 23 J/cm2 was administered to two different points along with the fracture line at intervals of 48 hours for 7 days in the 7th day sub-groups and for 14 days in the 21st day sub-groups. After the procedure, while biochemical values such as TAS, TOS and OSI are measured; histopathologically it was examined in terms of capillary number and width, inflammatory cell, fibroblast count, collagen fibers, osteoblast count, ossification and mature bone formations.Results: For biochemical analyses, there was statistically significant difference only in TAS values on either the 7th or 21st day for the groups. Histological analyses showed that mandibular fracture healing were significantly better in the GSE and GSE+LLLT groups compared to the control group. The group of only LLLT had limited recovery while the combination of GSE+LLLT was the best for ossification.Conclusions: It is concluded that GSE may be one of the potential methods to accelerate fracture healings in mandibular fractures common in oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic and thus help patients recover in shorter time, and however LLLT can have positive effects on the process of ossification and recovery only when combined with the extract, which may result in better outcomes in clinical use.

Evaluation of apoptosis and hypoxia-related factors in gingival tissues of smoker and non-smoker periodontitis patients.

Smoking causes pathological changes in all tissues, including gingiva and alveolar bone. The aim of present study was to evaluate apoptotic tissue alterations and tissue destruction in smoker and non-smoker periodontitis patients and healthy individuals. Gingival biopsy samples from 15 systemically and orally healthy individuals (Group 1), 15 systemically healthy periodontitis patients (Group 2), 15 systemically and orally healthy smokers (Group 3), and 15 systemically healthy smoker periodontitis patients (Group 4) were enrolled in the present study. Clinical periodontal measurements as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded, and gingival biopsies were obtained. Biopsy samples were fixed in formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Fibroblast and inflammatory cell counts were determined via histomorphometrically. Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8) expressions, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expressions were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Demographic data of the study groups were similar. Smoking levels of the smokers were also similar. The highest fibroblast cell counts were observed in healthy controls and the counts were similar in other groups. The highest inflammatory cell counts were found in smoker periodontitis group, and the lowest counts were found in healthy control groups. The differences were statistically significant. HIF-1α and Bax expressions were elevated and Bcl-2 decreased in smoker periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals. However, there were no differences in VEGF, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 expressions. Within limits of present study, it can be suggested that both smoking and periodontitis caused similar decrease in fibroblast counts while causing a dramatic increase in inflammatory cell counts. Increased apoptosis and hypoxia also accompanied to the increased inflammation.

The comparison of fibroblast count and collagen density score in ileal anastomosis with continuous and interrupted suture technique on New Zealand Rabbit

Introduction: Intestinal anastomosis is carried out with the continuous and simple interrupted sutures technique. Simple interrupted suture is the standard technique in intestinal anastomosis nowadays1,2. Continuous suture has better serosal apposition, shorter processing time and triggers the formation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) which can stimulate the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) that stimulate migration and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, especially fibroblast cells which support the synthesis and increasing collagen density in anastomosis tissue. The aim of current study is to compare the anastomosis technique with continuous and simple interrupted sutures reviewed from fibroblast count and collagen density score in rabbit intestines.Method: This study is an experimental study. The sample of this study consisted of 36 rabbits divided into two groups continuous and simple interrupted sutures. Randomization is done by permuted randomization block. The inclusion criteria in this study were rabbit strain Oryctolagus cuniculus aged 8-9 months, weighted 2000-2500 grams, healthy and active. The independent variable in this study is the ileal anastomosis technique and the dependent variable is the fibroblasts count and the collagen density score formed on the anastomosis tissue assessed histopathologically.Results: This study found the average age of the rabbit was 8 months, with an average weight of 2400 grams, the number of fibroblasts in the group of rabbits which received continuous suture was 47 ± 12.679 fibroblasts per visual field with collagen score was 1.88 ± 0.781, whereas in rabbits with interrupted sutures, the fibroblasts count was 42.76 ± 12.47 fibroblasts per visual field with collagen score was 1.82 ± 0.728. However, from the analytic testing showed that the rabbits treated with continuous suture were not significantly different in fibroblast count and collagen density score compared to simple interrupted group (p&gt;0.05), but in continuous rabbit group have higher collagen density scores and fibroblasts count than rabbits who get simple interrupted sutureConclusion: This study proves that continuous suture results in higher fibroblast count and collagen density score than interrupted suture yet statistically insignificant.

The Effectiveness of Edamame Seed (Glycine max L. Merril) Ethanolic Extract to Fibroblast Count on Second Degree Burn Wound Healing

Burn wound healing process consists of three phases of inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. The number of fibroblasts has increased during the proliferation phase. Oxidative stress in burn may disrupt proliferation through TGF-β inhibition, result in decreased number of fibroblasts and poor burn wound healing. Genistein in edamame seeds has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Edamame contains vitamins A, C, and E which is also have antioxidant properties. Edamame has been suggested to protect burn wound healing from oxidative stress. This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of edamame seed (Glycine max L. Merril) ethanolic extract (ED) to fibroblast count in second degree burn wound healing. This is true experimental research with post test only control group design. The study was conducted at University of Jember during November until December 2017. The sample of this research was 24 rat models of second degree burn which was made by attaching hot metal (60 ° C) for 5 seconds on the shaved back of the rats. The sample was divided into 6 groups with topical treatment, among others: positive control group (silver sulfadiazine), negative control group (Na CMC 0.5%), group with ED 20%, ED 40%, ED 60%, and ED 80%. Treatment was given for 15 days and skin sample was taken on the 16th day. Observation of the number of fibroblasts was done by taking pictures of histhologic preparations in Hematoxylin and Eosin staining under 400x magnification of light microscope. The number of fibroblast of each picture was processed using Image-J software. In one way ANOVA test, significance value of 0.011 (p≤0,05) indicated that there was at least a significant difference between 2 groups. LSD’s post hoc analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the group ED 20, 40, and 60% compared with negative control.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keyword: burn wound healing, vegetable soybean, genistein, fibroblast count, silver sulfadiazine

A prospective study comparing tendon-to-bone interface healing using an interposition bioresorbable scaffold with a vented anchor for primary rotator cuff repair in sheep

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical and histologic properties of rotator cuff repairs using a vented anchor attached to a bioresorbable interpositional scaffold composed of aligned PLGA (poly(l-lactide-co-glycoside)) microfibers in an animal model compared to standard anchors in an ovine model. Fifty-six (n = 56) skeletally mature sheep were randomly assigned to a repair of an acute infraspinatus tendon detachment using a innovative anchor-PLGA scaffold device (Treatment) or a similar anchor without the scaffold (Control). Animals were humanely euthanized at 7 and 12 weeks post repair. Histologic and biomechanical properties of the repairs were evaluated and compared. The Treatment group had a significantly higher fibroblast count at 7 weeks compared to the Control group. The tendon bone repair distance, percentage perpendicular fibers, new bone formation at the tendon-bone interface, and collagen type III deposition was significantly greater for the Treatment group compared with the Control group at 12 weeks (P ≤ .05). A positive correlation was identified in the Treatment group between increased failure loads at 12 weeks and the following parameters: tendon-bone integration, new bone formation, and collagen type III. No statistically significant differences in biomechanical properties were identified between Treatment and Control Groups(P > .05). Use of a vented anchor attached to a bioresorbable interpositional scaffold composed of aligned PLGA microfibers improves the histologic properties of rotator cuff repairs in a sheep model. Improved histology was correlated with improved final construct strength at the 12-week time point.

Comparison Profile of Nutrition Status in Stage V Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Hemodialyzing Using New and Reuse Dialyzer

Burn wound healing process consists of three phases of inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. The number of fibroblasts has increased during the proliferation phase. Oxidative stress in burn may disrupt proliferation through TGF-β inhibition, result in decreased number of fibroblasts and poor burn wound healing. Genistein in edamame seeds has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Edamame contains vitamins A, C, and E which is also have antioxidant properties. Edamame has been suggested to protect burn wound healing from oxidative stress. This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of edamame seed (Glycine max L. Merril) ethanolic extract (ED) to fibroblast count in second degree burn wound healing. This is true experimental research with post test only control group design. The sample of this research was 24 rat models of second degree burn which was made by attaching hot metal (60 ° C) for 5 seconds on the shaved back of the rats. The sample was divided into 6 groups with topical treatment, among others: positive control group (silver sulfadiazine), negative control group (Na CMC 0.5%), group with ED 20%, ED 40%, ED 60%, and ED 80%. Treatment was given for 15 days and skin sample was taken on the 16th day. Observation of the number of fibroblasts was done by taking pictures of histhologic preparations in Hematoxylin and Eosin staining under 400x magnification of light microscope. In one way ANOVA test, significance value of 0.011 (p≤0,05) indicated that there was at least a significant difference between 2 groups. LSD’s post hoc analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the group ED 20, 40, and 60% compared with negative control.&#x0D; Keyword: burn wound healing, vegetable soybean, genistein, fibroblast count, silver sulfadiazine

Cryopreservation of Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Reduces Their Counts but Not Their Stem Cell Potency.

Background:Adipose-derived stem cells are derived from the nonfat component of adipose tissue termed the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The use of freshly isolated autologous SVF cells as an alternative to adult stem cells is becoming more common. Repeated SVF administration for improved clinical outcomes is complicated by the need for repeated liposuction. This can be overcome by cryopreservation of SVF cells. The current study aimed to assess whether SVF cells retain their stem cell potency during cryopreservation.Methods:SVF cells isolated from lipoaspirates (donor age: 46.1 ± 11.7 y; body mass index: 29.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were analyzed either immediately after isolation or following cryopreservation at −196°C. Analyses included assessment of nucleated cell counts by methylene blue staining, colony-forming unit fibroblast counts, surface marker expression using a flow cytometric panel (CD45, CD34, CD31, CD73, CD29, and CD105), expansion in culture, and differentiation to fat and bone.Results:While cryopreservation reduced the number of viable SVF cells, stem cell potency was preserved, as demonstrated by no significant difference in the proliferation, surface marker expression in culture, bone and fat differentiation capacity, and the number of colony-forming unit fibroblasts in culture, in cryopreserved versus fresh SVF cells. Importantly, reduced cell counts of cryopreserved cells were due, mainly, to a reduction in hematopoietic CD45+ cells, which was accompanied by increased proportions of CD45−CD34+CD31− stem cell progenitor cells compared to fresh SVF cells.Conclusions:Cryopreservation of SVF cells did not affect their in vitro stem cell potency and may therefore enable repeated SVF cell administrations, without the need for repeated liposuction.

Wound healing properties of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by topical application

Abstract Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious complication of diabetes, resulting from peripheral neuropathy, macrovascular and microvascular disease, impaired angiogenesis and chronic inflammation. Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaves have been proven to be efficacious in incision wound healing. This project aimed to evaluate the wound healing properties of topical application of Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaves in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin. Wound healing activity was assessed by incision model. A total of 40 mice were used in this project, divided into four groups: WE10 and WE20 groups were treated topically with 10% and 20% Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaf extract ointment, respectively, while the diabetic control and non-diabetic groups were treated topically with the ointment base. The results showed significant wound healing progress in mice treated with Epiphyllum oxypetalum extract ointment, as assessed by wound contraction, number of macrophages and fibroblast count. In conclusion, topical application of 96% ethanol extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaves could accelerate the wound healing time in diabetic mice, where the best activity was shown by 20% Epiphyllum oxypetalum extract.

Peritoneal Dialysis Vintage and Glucose Exposure but Not Peritonitis Episodes Drive Peritoneal Membrane Transformation During the First Years of PD.

The impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) associated peritonitis on peritoneal membrane integrity is incompletely understood. Children are particularly suited to address this question, since they are largely devoid of preexisting tissue damage and life-style related alterations. Within the International Peritoneal Biobank, 85 standardized parietal peritoneal tissue samples were obtained from 82 children on neutral pH PD fluids with low glucose degradation product (GDP) content. 37 patients had a history of peritonitis and 16 of the 37 had two or more episodes. Time interval between tissue sampling and the last peritonitis episode was 9 (4, 36) weeks. Tissue specimen underwent digital imaging and molecular analyses. Patients with and without peritonitis were on PD for 21.0 (12.0, 36.0) and 12.8 (7.3, 27.0) months (p = 0.053), respectively. They did not differ in anthropometric or histomorphometric parameters [mesothelial coverage, submesothelial fibrosis, blood, and lymphatic vascularization, leukocyte, macrophage and activated fibroblast counts, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), podoplanin positivity and vasculopathy]. VEGF and TGF-ß induced pSMAD abundance were similar. Similar findings were also obtained after matching for age and PD vintage and a subgroup analysis according to time since last peritonitis (<3, <6, >6 months). In patients with more than 24 months of PD vintage, submesothelial thickness, vessel number per mmm section length and ASMA fibroblast positivity were higher in patients with peritonitis history; only the difference in ASMA positivity persisted in multivariable analyses. While PD duration and EMT were independently associated with submesothelial thickness, and glucose exposure and EMT with peritoneal vessel density in the combined groups, submesothelial thickness was independently associated with EMT in the peritonitis free patients, and with duration of PD in patients with previous peritonitis. This detailed analysis of the peritoneal membrane in pediatric patients on PD with neutral pH, low GDP fluids, does not support the notion of a consistent long-term impact of peritonitis episodes on peritoneal membrane ultrastructure, on inflammatory and fibrotic cell activity and EMT. Peritoneal alterations are mainly driven by PD duration, dialytic glucose exposure, and associated EMT.

Effect of Cetuximab on the Development of Epidural Fibrosis Based on CD105 and Osteopontin Immunohistochemical Staining

The effect of cetuximab on the development of epidural fibrosis (EF) was assessed using immunohistochemical methods as well as antibodies for CD105 and osteopontin (OPN). The goal of this study was to assess of EGFR inhibition for the postoperative treatment of fibrosis. EF is one of most common causes of failed back surgery syndrome, which occurs after laminectomy. Numerous causes and mechanisms have been proposed to explain its development after laminectomy. Many agents have been tested to prevent the development of EF. EGFR, a multi-functional transmembrane glycoprotein, causes cell growth, proliferation, and EF by interacting with epidermal growth factor and TGF-β1. The inhibition of postoperative fibrosis using cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor blocker, is theoretically possible. However, this has not been tested to date. Sixteen Wistar-Albino rats were divided into two groups, namely, control and cetuximab groups. L1-2 laminectomy alone was performed in both groups, and topical cetuximab was applied to the treatment group. After 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically; EF tissue was also graded. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Fibroblast counts and fibrosis density, determined by histopathologic examination, and EF, according to immunohistochemical assessment based on CD105, were found to be higher in the treatment group than in the control group, and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Based on OPN staining, the results were consistent with classical methods, and no significant difference was detected among the groups (P = 0.358). Our study revealed that cetuximab inhibits the development of EF and that CD105, and not OPN, is a reliable marker for grading EF. In addition, cetuximab did not result in toxic, systemic side effects in surrounding tissues. N/A.