Fibroblast Cell Growth Research Articles

Anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and morphological impact of phycocyanin on ultraviolet radiation irradiated human fibroblast cells

Background Recently, the use of natural products as skin photoprotective agents has been in increasing demand. This study investigated the bioactivity of phycocyanin (PC) extracted from Spirulina sp. on human skin fibroblast cell line (CCD-966SK), specifically focusing on apoptosis, necrosis, anti-inflammatory effects, and enzymatic reactions. Methods The first step of this study was cyanobacterial cell culture and the extraction and purification of PC. After that, CCD-966SK cell line was cultivated under normal and UV irradiation. The bioassays included the cytotoxicity measurement, cell viability assay, morphology determination, tumour necrosis factor-α and Interleukin 6 release assays, enzyme activity for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as malondialdehyde content and the cell-free extract of cyanobacterial stains were assessed. Results The cell viability results showed that as the concentration of the PC increased, the viability of CCD-966SK cell line was reduced, which suggested that the effect of PC on the growth of fibroblast cells was dose dependent. The morphological results indicated that presence of PC in the fibroblast cell culture medium led to a transformation in cell morphology from spindle-shaped to spherical. PC released anti-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-a cytokines, indicating high inflammation resistance. Furthermore, the findings revealed that PC dramatically reduced the release of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde from inflammatory cells, with the reduction being more apparent at increasing doses. Conclusions In conclusion, the results indicated that PC inhibit the CCD-966SK cell line by membrane destructor, which led to the increase the leakage of cell constituent and increase enzymes activities.

Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Crude Procyanidin Extract from Green Soybean Seed and the Stability of Bioactive Compounds in an Anti-Aging Skin Care Formulation

Green soybean (Glycine max L.) seed contains a high procyanidin content and high antioxidant activity. Moreover, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has proved to be advantageous in providing high extraction efficiency. Hence, this study aimed to extract procyanidins from green soybean seeds (GSSs) using UAE. This study also evaluated the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and the cytotoxic effects of crude procyanidin extract. The extract exhibited maximum levels of bioactive components and antioxidant capacity when subjected to a temperature of 15 °C and an extraction time of 20 min. The crude procyanidin extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme by more than 60%, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value obtained for the extract was 6.85 ± 0.81 mg/mL. This result was much greater than the IC50 value obtained for kojic acid (0.089 ± 0.08 mg/mL), which was used as a positive control. For the cytotoxicity assessment, the results indicated that the crude procyanidin extract showed no cytotoxicity and actually stimulated the growth of human skin fibroblast cells. More than 80% of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), procyanidin content (PC)) and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) of the crude extract powder were retained at 38.68 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g, 16.07 ± 0.01 mg CAE/g, 9.24 ± 0.01 mg PC/g, 359.8 ± 0.72 μM Trolox eq/g, and 1640 ± 2.86 μM Trolox eq/g, respectively, after 12 weeks of storage at 25 °C. The crude procyanidin extract powder was then included in a facial serum formulation and tested for pH value and physical evaluation. The stability of the crude procyanidin extract facial serum was shown to be greater for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity when stored at a temperature of 4 °C than when stored at a temperature of 25 °C. These results suggest that the GSS extracts obtained via ultrasonication show promise for use in cosmeceutical formulations for whitening skincare products.

6580 Inhibition of IGF-1 Receptor Signaling and Ocular Fibroblast Cell Growth by VRDN-001 vs Teprotumumab

6580 Inhibition of IGF-1 Receptor Signaling and Ocular Fibroblast Cell Growth by VRDN-001 vs Teprotumumab

Serum-Free Medium Supplemented with Haematococcus pluvialis Extracts for the Growth of Human MRC-5 Fibroblasts.

Experiments are increasingly performed in vitro; therefore, cell culture technology is essential for scientific progress. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a key cell culture supplement providing growth factors, amino acids, and hormones. However, FBS is not readily available on the market, has contamination risks, and has ethical concerns. This study aimed to investigate Haematococcus pluvialis extracts (HE) as a potential substitute for FBS. Therefore, we assessed the effects of HE on cell maintenance, growth, and cycle progression in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). Cell progression and monosaccharide, fatty acid, and free amino acid compositions were analyzed using cell cycle analysis, bio-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results of nutritional profiles showed that the extracts contained essential amino acids required for synthesizing non-essential amino acids and other metabolic intermediates. Furthermore, most of the components present in HE were consistent with those found in FBS. HE enhanced cell viability and regulated cell cycle phases. Additionally, the interaction between growth factor cocktails and HE significantly improved cell viability, promoted cell cycle progression, and activated key cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 (CDK1). Our findings suggest that HE have considerable potential to substitute FBS in MRC-5 cell cultures and have functional and ethical advantages.

Investigating adhesion of primary human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts to orthodontic mini-implants by scanning electron microscopy

Miniscrews offer controlled anchorage and thus optimize tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, failures such as soft tissue problems, instability due to loosening, partial osseointegration, or even device fracture can occur. While clinical technique can play a role in some of these problems, the manufacturer’s design and material choice influence how the implant interacts with the surrounding tissue. In some cases, the design and material may trigger unwanted bone and soft tissue responses. This in vitro study investigates how the implant surface affects cell adhesion and growth of human primary fibroblasts and osteoblasts on commercially available orthodontic TiAl6V4 miniscrews from three producers: tomas-pin SD N 08 (Dentaurum), OrthoEasy Pin (Forestadent), and Dual Top G2 (Promedia, Jeil Medical). Cell–implant interaction at the top, neck, and drilling part of the screws was assessed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy. While both cell types adhered to and grew on all products, subtle differences in cell shape and spreading were detected, depending on the microstructure of the implant surface. This indicates that cell adhesion to implant surfaces can be controlled by manipulating the machining conditions.

In vitro biocompatibility and stem cell regenerative assessment of hollow hydroxyapatite spheres deposited wollastonite/Ca2P6O17/TCP/doped-wollastonite scaffolds

This research examines the biological behavior of multilayer ceramic-glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The scaffolds consist of a high-strength core of wollastonite and P6 (Ca2P6O17), with a sequential coating of TCP and wollastonite doped with Na+, K+ and Mg2+ ions to confer bioactivity to the system. Two formulations were investigated: a magnesium-deficient one, which served as a microstructure control, and a magnesium-rich one in which hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) spheres precipitated after one week of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). These formulations are denoted as C-Scaffold and HA-Scaffold, respectively. Further exploration and comparison of the physiological effects of both scaffolds is necessary to fully understand their potential as drug release agents and associated therapeutic advantages. The study considered aspects such as protein adhesion, cell morphology, and the inflammatory response. The results showed that the HA-Scaffold had over 34 % more plasma protein adhesion compared to the C-Scaffold. Similarly, cell proliferation assays showed increased cell growth in both HFF-1 fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treated with HA-Scaffold compared to C-Scaffold. This may be attributed to the higher protein adsorption, which acts as a facilitator for cell adhesion. Three-dimensional photography from computerized microtomography confirmed that the scaffolds have a similar morphology and porosity to the intricate structure of trabecular bone in the humeral head. The study shows that the scaffolds made of Wollastonite/Ca2P6O17/TCP/Doped-Wollastonite with HA hollow spheres are highly suitable for use in this bone segment due to their overall porosity of over 86 % and approximate mechanical strength of 1.6 MPa. These findings demonstrate the biocompatibility and enhanced biological properties of the scaffolds, making them an excellent material for bone tissue engineering.

BMP1 Promotes Keloid by Inducing Fibroblast Inflammation and Fibrogenesis.

Keloid is a typical fibrotic and inflammatory skin disease with unclear mechanisms and few therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that BMP1 was significantly increased in a collagen high-expressing subtype of fibroblast by reanalyzing a public single-cell RNA-sequence data set of keloid. The number of BMP1-positive fibroblast cells was increased in keloid fibrotic loci. Increased levels of BMP1 were further validated in the skin tissues and fibroblasts from keloid patients. Additionally, a positive correlation between BMP1 and the Keloid Area and Severity Index was found in keloid patients. In vitro analysis revealed collagen production, the phosphorylation levels of p65, and the IL-1β secretion decreased in BMP1 interfered keloid fibroblasts. Besides, the knockdown of BMP1 inhibited the growth and migration of keloid fibroblast cells. Mechanistically, BMP1 inhibition downregulated the noncanonical TGF-β pathways, including p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 signaling. Furthermore, we found the delivery of BMP1 siRNAs could significantly alleviate keloid in human keloid-bearing nude mice. Collectively, our results indicated that BMP1 exhibited various pathogenic effects on keloids as promoting cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and ECM deposition of fibroblast cells by regulating the noncanonical TGF-β/p38 MAPK, and TGF-β/ERK pathways. BMP1-lowing strategies may appear as a potential new therapeutic target for keloid.

Effect of post-printing curing time on cytotoxicity of direct printed aligners: A pilot study.

The aim of this invitro study was to examine the potential impact of different curing times of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners on their cytotoxicity. Some 60 samples of aligner material were directly 3D printed using Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin and randomly allocated to three different curing time groups (14, 24 and 50 min). Zendura FLX samples were used as control. The samples were incubated in saliva for 14 days, and then the supernatant was collected. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1)-CRL2014 were used to evaluate potential cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HGF-1 cells were plated on the samples as well as on a glass control sample. After 72 h of growth, their viability was tested. Compared with the glass, only the 50-min curing time markedly reduced fibroblast cell growth. Additionally, a negative linear trend was observed between curing time and fibroblast growth. In comparison with the aligner control group, all samples, including the aligner control samples, exhibited a significant reduction in the viability of human fibroblasts when exposed to saliva. 3D directly printed aligners showed a cytotoxic effect similar to that of thermoformed conventional aligners in terms of fibroblasts growth. A linear trend was found between curing time and cells growth, indicating that directly printed aligners could exhibit higher cytotoxicity if exposed to a longer curing time. This dependence on curing time underscores the importance of following a strict manufacturing process.

BSA Binding and Aggregate Formation of a Synthetic Amino Acid with Potential for Promoting Fibroblast Proliferation: An In Silico, CD Spectroscopic, DLS, and Cellular Study.

This study presents the chemical synthesis, purification, and characterization of a novel non-natural synthetic amino acid. The compound was synthesized in solution, purified, and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, polarimetry, and melting point determination. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis demonstrated its ability to form aggregates with an average size of 391 nm, extending to the low micrometric size range. Furthermore, cellular biological assays revealed its ability to enhance fibroblast cell growth, highlighting its potential for tissue regenerative applications. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed the ability of the synthetic amino acid to bind serum albumins (using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model), and CD deconvolution provided insights into the changes in the secondary structures of BSA upon interaction with the amino acid ligand. Additionally, molecular docking using HDOCK software elucidated the most likely binding mode of the ligand inside the BSA structure. We also performed in silico oligomerization of the synthetic compound in order to obtain a model of aggregate to investigate computationally. In more detail, the dimer formation achieved by molecular self-docking showed two distinct poses, corresponding to the lowest and comparable energies, with one pose exhibiting a quasi-coplanar arrangement characterized by a close alignment of two aromatic rings from the synthetic amino acids within the dimer, suggesting the presence of π-π stacking interactions. In contrast, the second pose displayed a non-coplanar configuration, with the aromatic rings oriented in a staggered arrangement, indicating distinct modes of interaction. Both poses were further utilized in the self-docking procedure. Notably, iterative molecular docking of amino acid structures resulted in the formation of higher-order aggregates, with a model of a 512-mer aggregate obtained through self-docking procedures. This model of aggregate presented a cavity capable of hosting therapeutic cargoes and biomolecules, rendering it a potential scaffold for cell adhesion and growth in tissue regenerative applications. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of this synthetic amino acid for tissue regenerative therapeutics and provide valuable insights into its molecular interactions and aggregation behavior.

Low‐intensity continuous ultrasound effect on proliferation and morphology of fibroblast cells

AbstractRecently, the use of ultrasound (US) for triggering drug release to specific tissues was explored, but its direct effects on cells have not been thoroughly understood. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the impact of US powers and US irradiation times on fibroblast cells (NIH‐3T3). The results showed that the diverse US settings had varying effects on cell proliferation and distribution in the polystyrene culture dish. Interestingly, at 10 W, 43 kHz with changing exposed time up to 30 min either stimulated or inhibited fibroblast cell growth after 24 and 72 h of cultivation compared to the control sample in the absence of US, while longer US exposure time led to a moderate reduction in cell quantity. Moreover, higher US levels of 20 and 30 W could cause an aggregation of cells and sublethal damage to the cells. Importantly, the morphology of fibroblast was changed from stellate‐shape to round‐shape under greater US powers. Elevated US power also influenced interactions between proteins and lipids, affecting the atomic and molecular charges, leading to changes in both zeta potential and pH of the dispensed cell solution.

Utilization of Multi-Ionic Interaction of Yumoto Hot Springs for Enhancing the Moisturizing Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt

Hot spring (HS) waters manifest diverse positive effects on the skin due to their unique chemical compositions. Sodium hyaluronate acid (HA) comprises N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid, and distinguishes itself with superior qualities in skin regeneration, providing moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. The combination of HA with HS water is widely applied across ophthalmology, pneumology, nutrition, and cosmetics. This study delved into the application of HA in cosmetology, with a focus on its interaction with HS water and its effects on moisture retention and promoting wound healing. In particular, with the alkaline pH levels of the Yumoto HS, HA molecules may undergo dissociation to be ionized resulting in a negatively charged polymer and interacting with positively charged ions in the HS water through electrostatic interactions. The shifted peaks in the FTIR result and zeta potential shifts to a less negative region in the case of HA-HS compared to HA-DI indicate an ionic interaction between HS water and HA. Moisture tests confirmed the sustained hydration when HA is dissolved in HS water, underscoring its potential to improve skin hydration at certain concentrations, specifically at 0.5% and 1%. Additionally, MTT assay results demonstrated that HS water stimulates the growth of fibroblast cells compared to distilled water, implying its potential beneficial effect in wound healing. These findings suggested the multifaceted benefits of HAHS in skincare, highlighting its role in enhancing skin hydration and potentially accelerating wound healing processes, thus presenting avenues for the development of advanced cosmeceutical formulations.

The Role of TNF-Alpha in the Wound Healing Process: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives - A Systematic Literature Review

Wounds are conditions of damage and partial loss of body tissue caused by physical trauma, sharp objects, blunt objects, temperature fluctuations, chemical exposure. Wound healing is a complex interaction between cells, cytokines, mediators, and blood vessels as a natural physiological response to tissue damage. TNF-α has a crucial role in the wound healing process, facilitating body immunity, immune cell mobilization, fibroblast cell proliferation, keratinocytes, and growth factor expression. Although TNF-alpha has benefits in the early stages of wound healing, excessively high levels or a sustained inflammatory response can lead to problems, such as excessive scar tissue formation or blockages, which can impede the wound healing process. This study utilized the PRISMA-ScR (Scoping Review) protocol. A review was conducted of articles discussing the Role of TNF-Alpha in the Wound Healing Process: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives within the last 10 years. Literature search in this study using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsivier and Google Scolar databases Search using English, abstract and full text. After searching with the keywords: The Role of TNF-Alpha, 19,022 articles were found. The search continued using the keyword The Role of TNF-Alpha in the Wound Healing found 346 articles. The last search using the keyword The Role of TNF-Alpha in the Wound Healing: Molecular and Clinical found 26 articles. TNF-α plays an important role in the early stages of cutaneous wound healing, significantly delayed after day 3, but not by day 7. TNF-α has a crucial role in the early stages of skin wound healing, and its administration is recognized to have a positive impact on the healing response, which may pave the way for innovative strategies to address chronic skin wound healing problems.

Microneedle Patch for Transdermal Sequential Delivery of KGF-2 and aFGF to Enhance Burn Wound Therapy.

Severe burn wounds usually destroy key cells' functions of the skin resulting in delayed re-epithelization and wound regeneration. Promoting key cells' activities is crucial for burn wound repair. It is well known that keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) participates in the proliferation and morphogenesis of epithelial cells while acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF)is a key mediator for fibroblast and endothelial cell growth and differentiation. However, thick eschar and the harsh environment of a burn wound often decrease the delivery efficiency of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the wound site. Therefore, herein a novel microneedle patch for sequential transdermal delivery of KGF-2 and aFGF is fabricated to enhance burn wound therapy. aFGF is first loaded in the nanoparticle (NPaFGF) and then encapsulated NPaFGF with KGF-2 in the microneedle patch (KGF-2/NPaFGF@MN). The result shows that KGF-2/NPaFGF@MN can successfully get across the eschar and sequentially release KGF-2 and aFGF. Additional data demonstrated that KGF-2/NPaFGF@MN achieved a quicker wound closure rate with reduced necrotic tissues, faster re-epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition, and increased neo-vascularization. Further evidence suggests that improved wound healing is regulated by significantly elevated expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1ɑ) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in burn wounds. All these data proved that KGF-2/NPaFGF@MN is an effective treatment for wound healing of burns.

A self-healing crosslinked-xanthan gum/soy protein based film containing halloysite nanotube and propolis with antibacterial and antioxidant activity for wound healing

Traumatic multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are the most threat to wound healing. Lower extremity wounds under diabetic conditions display a significant delay during the healing process. To overcome these challenges, the utilization of protein-based nanocomposite dressings is crucial in implementing a successful regenerative medicine approach. These dressings hold significant potential as polymer scaffolds, allowing them to mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). So, the objective of this study was to develop a nanocomposite film using dialdehyde-xanthan gum/soy protein isolate incorporated with propolis (PP) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) (DXG-SPI/PP/HNTs). In this protein-polysaccharide hybrid system, the self-healing capability was demonstrated through Schiff bonds, providing a favorable environment for cell encapsulation in the field of tissue engineering. To improve the properties of the DXG-SPI film, the incorporation of polyphenols found in PP, particularly flavonoids, is proposed. The synthesized films were subjected to investigations regarding degradation, degree of swelling, and mechanical characteristics. Additionally, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were introduced into the DXG-SPI/PP nanocomposite films as a reinforcing filler with varying concentrations of 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % by weight. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the proper embedding and dispersion of HNTs onto the DXG-SPI/PP nanocomposite films, leading to functional interfacial interactions. The structure and crystallinity of the synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.Moreover, the developed DXG-SPI/PP/HNTs nanocomposite films significantly improved cell growth of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells in the presence of PP and HNTs, indicating their cytocompatibility. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), which are commonly associated with wound infections. Overall, our findings suggest that the synthesis of DXG-SPI/PP/HNTs nanocomposite scaffolds holds great promise as a clinically relevant biomaterial and exhibits strong potential for numerous challenging biomedical applications.

Alginate hydrogel-PCL/gelatin nanofibers composite scaffold containing mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes sustain release for regeneration of tympanic membrane perforation

Exosomes are among the most effective therapeutic tools for tissue engineering. This study demonstrates that a 3D composite scaffold containing exosomes can promote regeneration in rat tympanic membrane perforation (TMP). The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degradation, PBS adsorption, swelling, porosity, and mechanical properties. To confirm the isolation of exosomes from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), western blot, SEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed. The Western blot test confirmed the presence of exosomal surface markers CD9, CD81, and CD63. The SEM test revealed that the isolated exosomes had a spherical shape, while the DLS test indicated an average diameter of 82.5 nm for these spherical particles. MTT assays were conducted to optimize the concentration of hAMSCs-exosomes in the hydrogel layer of the composite. Exosomes were extracted on days 3 and 7 from an alginate hydrogel containing 100 and 200 μg/mL of exosomes, with 100 μg/mL identified as the optimal value. The optimized composite scaffold demonstrated improved growth and migration of fibroblast cells. Animal studies showed complete tympanic membrane regeneration (TM) after five days. These results illustrate that a scaffold containing hAMSC-exosomes can serve as an appropriate tissue-engineered scaffold for enhancing TM regeneration.

Study of mechanical property and biocompatibility of graphene oxide/MEO2MA hydrogel scaffold for wound healing application.

Wound healing is a complex biological process crucial for restoring tissue integrity and preventing infections. The development of advanced materials that facilitate and expedite the wound-healing process has been a focal point in biomedical research. In this study, we aimed to enhance the wound-healing potential of hydrogel scaffolds by incorporating graphene oxide and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO2MA). Various masses of graphene oxide were added to MEO2MA hydrogels via free radical polymerisation. Comprehensive characterizations, encompassing mechanical properties, and biocompatibility assays, were conducted to evaluate the hydrogels' suitability for wound healing. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the graphene oxide-based hydrogels exhibited a proper swelling degree and tensile strength, responding effectively to moisture conditions and adhesiveness for wound healing. Notably, the tensile strength significantly increased to 626 kPa in the graphene oxide hydrogels. Biocompatibility assessments revealed that the graphene oxide/MEO2MA hydrogels were non-toxic to human dermal fibroblast cell growth, with no significant difference in cell viability observed in the graphene oxide/MEO2MA hydrogel (H-HG) group. In a rat skin experiment, the wound-healing rate of the hydrogel incorporating graphene oxide surpassed that of the pristine hydrogel after a 15-day treatment, achieving over 95% wound closure in the H-HG group. The histopathological analysis further supported the efficacy of the H-HG hydrogel dressing in promoting more effective tissue regeneration. These results collectively highlight the potential of the graphene oxide/MEO2MA hydrogel scaffold as a promising dressing for medical applications.

Quercetin Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Associated Fibroblast and Gastric Cancer Cell by Increasing the Expression of Caveolin-1 and Inducing Down-Regulation of Autophagy

Quercetin Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Associated Fibroblast and Gastric Cancer Cell by Increasing the Expression of Caveolin-1 and Inducing Down-Regulation of Autophagy

Polyphenol Mediated Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cell Proliferation by Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Root.

Clerodendrum infortunatum L. has long been used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka for tumours, cancer, and certain skin diseases. The present study aimed to assess the anticancer properties of the aqueous extract of C. infortunatum L. root (AECIR) through the activation of the apoptotic pathway on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and thus give it a scientific validation. Further, the contribution of polyphenols in antioxidant activity and cell cytotoxicity was investigated. Powdered plant material was boiled with water (100°C) to obtained AECIR. The DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant potential. The activity of AECIR on HepG2 and normal rat fibroblast (CC1) cell growth was determined using MTT assay. The morphological changes related to apoptotic pathway was examined by Ethidium Bromide/Acridine Orange (EB/AO), Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and DNA fragmentation assay. The AECIR demonstrated antioxidant potential with an EC50 of 350.2 ± 1.5 ug/mL for DPPH assay. The HO•, H2O2 and •NO free radical scavenging activity was observed with EC50 of 19.7 ± 2.3, 11.7 ± 0.1 and 273.1 ± 0.9 ug/mL, respectively. The antiproliferative effect of AECIR on HepG2 cells was observed in a time and dose dependent manner with an EC50 of 239.1 ± 1.3 μg/mL while CC1 cells showed a nontoxic effect with an EC50 1062.7 ± 3.4 μg/mL after 24hrs treatment. A significant decrease in antioxidant activity (p<0.001) and 90% HepG2 cell viability was observed with polyphenol removed AECIR compared to the polyphenol present AECIR. The EB/AO uptake, depletion of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and DNA fragmentation assay results revealed that the apoptosis was induced by AECIR. The obtained result of the present study demonstrates that the antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity of AECIR is attributed to the presence of polyphenols. Furthermore, the findings provide the scientific base for anti-cancer potential of AECIR.

Enhanced Hyaluronic Acid Production from Priestia flexa N7 Isolates

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a gel-like substance made up of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine units, capable of absorbing and retaining water, present in hydrated gel form across human and animal tissues. It aids in joint lubrication and moisture retention and acts as a cushion for shock absorption. HA has unique biological properties, promoting fibroblast cell growth, aiding wound healing, and exhibiting low solubility and viscosity, making it an organic ingredient in tissue culture techniques. It is utilized in eye drops and skin ointments and plays a vital role in the extracellular matrix, rendering it invaluable in medical and cosmetic applications, such as treating osteoarthritis and enhancing skin wound recovery. Methods: The methods employed in this study involve isolating microorganisms, screening bacterial strains capable of synthesizing HA, identifying bacteria using molecular biological methods, and researching optimal conditions to select bacterial strains that produce the highest HA concentrations. Results: In this study, strain Priestia flexa N7 was studied for suitable conditions for HA biosynthesis. Bacterial strains were fermented for 48 h on medium containing the following ingredients: glucose (60 g/L); yeast extract (5.0 g/L); peptone (20 g/L); K2HPO4 (2.0 g/L); Na2HPO4 (1.0 g/L); NaCl (2.0 g/L); FeSO4 (1.0 g/l); sodium glutamate (9.0 g/L); and MgSO4.7H2O (2.0 g/L) and pH 8.0 at 37°C under the condition of continuous shaking at 150 rpm. The maximum HA production achieved was 1105 mg/L. Conclusions: The mentioned bacterial strain exhibits significant potential for HA synthesis and is extensively employed in producing items across the health care, medical, food, and cosmetic industries. These findings revealed the most effective HA acid manufacturing strategy for achieving maximum output.

Evaluating the Translucency, Surface Roughness, and Cytotoxicity of a PMMA Acrylic Denture Base Reinforced with Bioactive Glasses.

The colonisation of the surface of removable acrylic dentures by various types of microorganisms can lead to the development of various diseases. Therefore, the creation of a bioactive material is highly desirable. This study aimed to develop a denture base material designed to release bioactive ions into the oral environment during use. Four types of bioactive glasses (BAG)-S53P4, Biomin F, 45S5, and Biomin C-were incorporated into the PMMA acrylic resin, with each type constituting 20 wt.% (10 wt.% non-silanised and 10% silanised) of the mixture, while PMMA acrylic resin served as the control group. The specimens were subsequently immersed in distilled water, and pH measurements of the aqueous solutions were taken every seven days for a total of 38 days. Additionally, surface roughness and translucency measurements were recorded both after preparation and following seven days of immersion in distilled water. The cytotoxicity of these materials on human fibroblast cells was evaluated after 24 and 48 h using Direct Contact and MTT assays. Ultimately, the elemental composition of the specimens was determined through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. In general, the pH levels of water solutions containing BAG-containing acrylics gradually increased over the storage period, reaching peak values after 10 days. Notably, S53P4 glass exhibited the most significant increase, with pH levels rising from 5.5 to 7.54. Surface roughness exhibited minimal changes upon immersion in distilled water, while a slight decrease in material translucency was observed, except for Biomin C. However, significant differences in surface roughness and translucency were observed among some of the BAG-embedded specimens under both dry and wet conditions. The composition of elements declared by the glass manufacturer was confirmed by EDX analysis. Importantly, cytotoxicity analysis revealed that specimens containing BAGs, when released into the environment, did not adversely affect the growth of human gingival fibroblast cells after 48 h of exposure. This suggests that PMMA acrylics fabricated with BAGs have the potential to release ions into the environment and can be considered biocompatible materials. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore the practical applications of these materials as denture base materials.